Characteristics of the understanding "methodology" in social psychology. G. M. Andreeva. social psychology Subject of social psychology andreev

The whole set of methods can be applied to two large groups: methods of further development and methods in use. We will continue to refer to the specific hallucinations of social psychology, to the so-called “psychology in flux” and will be seen in the section about practical supplements of social psychology. Immediately, the methods of further analysis are analyzed, in which the methods of collecting information and methods of processing are being developed. The most sophisticated and rich classifications of methods of social and psychological education. For example, there are three groups of methods: 1) methods empirical life, 2) methods of modeling, 3) management and control methods (Svєntsitskiy, 1977, p. 8). When a group is in the first place, they will play all of them, about how they go and in the first chapters. Well, if you should admit to other and third groups of methods, which are significant in the guidance of the classification, then there is no stench of any special specificity in social psychology (such as visas, accept the method of authorization). Methods of collecting dues are often simply not seen in a special unit, some of them are also not specific for social and psychological pre-education, but rather viciously for the deyaky of out-of-town science. We can wait a little longer, but it’s not the least for a revelation about all the methodical education of social psychology that has been learned about the development of another group of methods.

Among the methods for collecting information, it is necessary to name: caution, vivchennya documents (zokrem, content analysis), different kind of experience (questionnaires, interviews), different kind of tests (including the widest range of laboratory tests) so і natural). It’s hardly accurate in the out-of-the-box course, which can be used to characterize the skin of the skin using methods. It is logical to take into account the problems of social psychology in case of vicious problems of social psychology; Infection, it is necessary to give deprivation of the very characterization of the skin method і, smut, to identify those moments, because in the stagnation it is difficult to develop. There are a large number of types of methods of identity that can become stagnant in sociology (Yadov, 1995).

Caution є "old people" by the method of social psychology and in some way to oppose the experiment as an incomprehensible method. At the same time, there are far from all the possibilities of the method of guarding the current situation in social psychology: in the times of rejection of the data about the behavior, the method of guarding the city is even more important. The main problem, Yaka sta at the stasis method of caution, in the fact that the fixation of singing classes of characteristics was not taken into account, so that the "read" to the protocol of the caution of the bulo astonishingly to the reader could be interpreted. On the fast moving food, you can use the following formulas: Yak fiksuvati sposterezhuvane?

There are many rich propositions for organizing the so-called structure of these caveats, so that the vision of certain classes from afar, for example, intermodal peculiarities in a group with a given number of fiches, etc. Below will be described in detail one of these samples, broken by R. Bales. Food about the vision of the class of spared appearances є by the day food about the one of the wary, as it seems, it’s worth it, and in the first part of the psychology. In social and psychological dosages, it is possible to use the same version for a specific skin type for thinking about the subject matter. Outside of the principle of nutrition - a whole hour interval, which can be sufficient for the fixation of any one being careful. I would like to have a lot of different procedures in order to preserve the fixation of the same in the first hour of the day, food cannot be respected until the end of the day. It can be seen that the method of caution is not so primitive, as it is created for the first glance, and, without a doubt, maybe with the success of being stuck in the ranks of social and psychological doslidzhen.

Vivchennya of documents is of great importance, reflections for the additional method of possible analysis of products of human activity. Inodі unprimed protistavlyayut the method of vivchennya documents, for example, by the method of learning yak method "ob'єktivny" to the method of "sub'єactive". It’s unlikely that the counterpart is pre-verbal: even in the documents, the information is interspersed with the person, and all the problems, if any, will be lost in strength. Evidently, the world of "sub'activity" of the document is different in the presence of the fact that an official document is read, but it is a special document, but it is always present. A special problem is in this case, in conjunction with that, that the interpreted document is a glimpse of someone else with their powerful, individual psychological peculiarities. Nayvazhliv_shu role when vivchennі document gra, for example, zdatn_st until the text is cleared. The problem of intelligence is a particular problem of psychology, but here it is possible to get involved in the process of storing the methodology, so you can't help but fraternize.

To add a new kind of “sub-activity” (interpretation of the document by the reader), a special method is introduced, which I will call “content-analysis” (literally: “analiz zmistu”) (Bogomolova, Stefanenko, 1992). There is a special, more formalization method for analyzing a document, if the text contains special "odinits", and then the frequency of their implantation is increased. The method of content-analysis є senses stasovuvati only in quiet vipadki, if the presenter can handle a great array of information, so it is possible to analyze numerical texts. A practical method is to get stuck in social psychology during pre-adolescence in the field of mass communes. A number of difficult things are not familiar, in an obvious way, to the methods of content analysis; for example, the very process of seeing the same text, naturally, is rich in what to lie in and from the theoretical position of the presenter, and from his special competence, the level of his creative possibilities. For example, with the vicarious methods of social psychology, there is a reason for success and failure to lie in the mystery of a glimpse.

Opituvannya - the greats of broadening the priyom in social and psychological dosages, scho viclikak, mabut, most of the number of narcotics. Critical acclaim is rotated in a subdivision of the drive of the same, as it is possible to update the information, in order to get it out of the prior art, on the basis of its self-proclaiming. A call of this kind is based either on non-reasonableness, or on absolute incompetence in the area of ​​practice. Among the numerical types of experience of the greatest extension can be found in the social psychology of the interview and the questionnaire (especially with the preliminaries of great groups).

The main methodological problems, which arise in the case of stagnant methods, appear in the design of the power supply. The first thing here is the logic of motivating you to transfer the power supply by delivering the very information that is needed for the hypothesis, and in addition, the information is as necessary as possible. Find out the numerical rules to induce skin nutrition, growth in the singular order, ugrupovannya in okremі blocks, etc. The literature has a detailed description (Lectures for the methodology of specific social media. M., 1972) types of gratuities, Scho to be found with an illiterate design of the power supply. It’s all to serve the fact that the power supply is not in the forehead, but in the forehead, the author has lost his mind for carrying out the singing, as it was not in the educator, but in the program of the presenter, in the hypothesis, the proponent. The design of the power supply is a navazhcha robot, you can’t see it quickly, for any waste of the power supply will serve without compromising the method.

okrema big problem- stasis of the interv'yu, oskilki there is a moment of interaction between the intervier and the respondent (that is, people who are able to respond to food), as it is by its own means, an act of social and psychological phenomenon. In the course of the interview, all the descriptions in the social psychology of the ways of acting one people for one another appear, all the laws of people taking one one, the norms of their spirit. The skin's characteristics can be infused into the quality of information, and one type of "sub-activity" can be introduced, which is a kind of food. It is necessary for mothers on respect, that all the problems are not new for social psychology, because of the drive of skin shattering from them, "anti-root", and the preoccupation of the field is deprived of the fact that the methods of good conscience are put to health. Against the widening of an unprofessional look, learning is the most "easy" method for storing it, you can easily use it, but good learning is the most important method of social and psychological awareness.

Testing is not a specific social-psychological method, the stench is widely stagnant in other areas psychology. If you talk about storing tests from social psychology, say on the top of the most special testimonies, and more - group testimonies. Ale і tsey kind of tests, as it seems, are fixed in general psychological predictions of specialties, some special specifics of storing a method in social and psychological predictions in tests: all methodological standards are taken into account home psychology, Є fair and here.

Yak vidomo, the test is of a special kind of vip testing, in the course of any vyprobovaniya vikonu, either on a special basis, or on the basis of nutrition, which is viewed from the nutrition questionnaire or an interview. The food in the tests is of an indirect nature. The sensation of the extra processing of the field is in the fact that, behind the additional "key", it is necessary to identify the specific parameters, for example, the characteristics of the specialty, which is also about the special tests. The majority of such tests are broken down in pathopsychology, and they are less sensitive in accordance with the methods of clinical caution. I give my father-in-law at the singers' boundaries important information about the characteristics of pathology osostosti. You can use the most weakness of special tests, that is, how the stench smells better than one side of the specialty. Tsei is not very common in folding tests, for example, Cattel tests or MMPI tests. However, the stagnation of these methods is not in the minds of pathology, but in the minds of norms (for which I can tell the right social psychology) in the minds of the methodological correctives.

samiy smut nourishment, Yaky postє here, - the price of food about those that are significant for the specialness of the proponation of food and nutrition; in social and psychological dosages - how many can be related to test values ​​of different characteristics of particularity and performance in a group, etc. Naybіlsh pardon є іlusіya about those who want to carry out mass testing of specialties in such a group, as all the problems of the whole group and specialties, and warehouses, become clear. The social psychology of the father-in-law can be stagnant as it is for a long time. The dues of the obligatory guilt are given for the dues that have been denounced for the help of their methods. Until then, the stasis of tests should be of a local nature; however, the stench must be lost without one part of social psychology - the problem of specialness. The tests, however, are not very important for diagnostics of the group. Yak butt can be named by filling a wide widened sociometric test, which will be seen especially in the section assigned to the small group.

An experiment of appearance in the capacity of one of the main methods of advancement in social psychology. Polemics about the possibilities and ideas of the experimental method in the whole region and one of the most severe polemics and methodological problems in the given hour (Zhukov, Grzhegorzhevskaya, 1977). Social psychology has two main types of experiment: laboratory and natural. For both types headquarters rules The essence of the method is twisted, but itself: the experimenter introduced more and more independent winter and control over them, as well as over the changes of the fallow ones. We will also be able to see the control and experimental groups, so that the results of the test could be a good standard. However, the order of the zimi zahalny vimogs laboratory and natural experimentation are subject to their own rules. Especially controversial for social psychology є nutrition about laboratory experiments.

chapter 3

METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS
SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DOSLIDZHENNYA

Significance of methodological problems in contemporary science

The problems of the methodology of pre-development are relevant for any science, especially in the current era, if, in connection with the scientific and technological revolution, the zeal is accelerating, as it is to be brought up to date in science, to grow up and rather quietly. In addition, in the suspension there are new forms of organization of science, there are great pre-old collectives, in the middle of which it is necessary to develop one strategy for the future, one system of adopted methods. At the connection with the development of mathematics and cybernetics, there is a special class of so-called interdisciplinary methods that can become stagnant in the quality of the "most advanced" in other disciplines. All the people from the past are all in the big and big world of control over their cognitive activities, analyze themselves, which are known in the past practice. Proof of the fact that the interest of modern science to the problems of methodology is especially great, є the fact that the special knowledge of the middle philosophy, and the very logic and methodology scientific advice... It is characteristic, however, that it is necessary to know and those who, by the analysis of methodological problems, are often fixing not only philosophy, science in the field of central discipline, but also the representatives of specific sciences. Winning is a special kind of methodological reflection of internal scientific methodological reflection.

All that is said is related to social psychology (Methodology and Methods of Social Psychology, 1979), and here I enter into the work of my own special reasons, first of all, the youth of social psychology, the need for a science, the ability to walk pre-slidnitskiy practice one-hour methodological principles of two different scientific disciplines: psychology and sociology. It’s a kind of specific development for the social psychology of a self-conscious sport, "superimposing" one on one two rows of regularities: suspension development and development of the psyche of people. The establishment is becoming faster and faster in its vlast understandable apparatus, as soon as there is a need for registration and two genera of different terminological vocabularies.

First of all, talk specifically about the methodological problems in social psychology, it is necessary to clarify, well, be mindful of the methodology. In the current scientific knowledge, the term "methodology" means three different levels of scientific approach.

1. The out-of-the-box methodology is the out-of-the-box philosophical education, the out-of-the-box way of knowing, which is taken as a presenter. The main methodology is the formulation of the deyakís the most important principle, as it is likely that it is not possible to become stagnant in the past. So, for social psychology, it is necessary to understand the nutrition about the provision of support and specialty, the nature of people. In terms of the foreign methodology of development, the ancestors adopt the development of philosophical systems.
2. Private (or special) methodology is the essence of methodological principles, which are fixed in a given area of ​​knowledge. Private methodology є the implementation of philosophical principles of a hundred-fold specific object of dosage. There are a number of ways of knowing, ale ways, adapting for the world of knowledge. Social psychology, in conjunction with two hikes, has a special methodology to shape up for the adaptation of methodological principles such as psychology and sociology. As a butt, you can see the principle of efficiency, as it can be found in vichiznyany social psychology. For the most sensible of the word, the philosophical principle of virtue means the realization of virtue in a day-to-day way of being human. In sociology, the activity is interpreted as a way of understanding human support, as the implementation of social laws, as it does not manifest itself through the activity of people. Activity and virobly, and changes in specificity and understanding of individuals, as well as suspensions as a whole. Itself through the scope of the specialty is included in the system of suspicious changes. Psychology has the ability to look at it as a specific kind of human activity, as a kind of subjective, in which a person is subjective in a singing rank, is introduced to an object, overwhelmed by it. The category of performance, in such a rank, "is now seen in its action as a tangible injury to the pole and the pole of the object, and the pole of the sub" (Leontyev, 1975, p. 159). In the course of the activity of a person, he realizes his interest, transforming subject matter. When a lot of people are happy to consume, when there are people, there are new ones to consume. In such a rank, the power of the post is the process, in the course of which the very human specialty develops.

   Social psychology, adopting the principle of efficiency as one of the principles of its special methodology, adapting it to the main subject of its own group. Therefore, in social psychology, it is more important to change the principle of efficiency in the offensive positions: b) the rationalization of the sub'єkta of performance not only of the individual, ale and the group, of the suspension, so that the introduction of the idea of ​​the collective sub'єkta of performance; not allowing real social groups to be allowed to see real social groups; c) for clearing the mind of the group as a sub'єkta of performance, the opportunity to see all the attributes of the sub'єkta of performance of consumers, motives, groups, etc .; d) as a matter of fact, the inadmissibility of any kind of preoccupation will be described as empirical, before the simple stating of the act of individual performance, by the singers of the "social context" of the given system and suspension. The principle of virtue is being reimagined, with such a rank, in its own way the standard of social and psychological awareness, the basis for the strategy. And the whole function of the special methodology.

3. Methodology yak sukupnіst of specific methodical receptions in advance, which is most often in Russian language known by the term "methodology". However, in a number of other translations, for example, in English, no term, and methodology, there is often a densely reasonable methodology, but only some of them won. Specific methods (aka methods, like the word "method" of intelligence in the whole university sense), which are stagnant in the social and psychological preliminaries, not absolutely independent of the more remote methodological worlds.

The essence of the pro-proponated "іnrarchії" of the іnrarchії іn thіs methodological іvnіy іn polyagа is itself in the fact that in social psychology it is not possible to admit all methodological problems only up to the third meaning of the understanding. Golovna dumka In that, well, both empirical and experimental methods are not stagnant, the stench cannot be discerned, isolated from the background and special methodology. This means that whether a questionnaire, a test, or a social measurement is a methodical reception, it will be stuck in the singing "methodological key", so that you can tell a number of those who have found food for a long time. The essence of the truth is that the philosophical principle cannot be stagnated in the preliminaries of skin science without a priori: the stench is broken through the principle of a special methodology. But if you want to take concrete methodological primes, then you can smell the odd methodology, but it’s practical to use the same form within the framework of different methodological organizations, I want a general recap of strategic methods,

Now it is necessary to clarify, well, to be reasonable in the current logic and methodology of science from the viraz of "science of science". A slid of memory in the midst of a social psychology of the XX century. especially on the fact that the її їі ії ії ії ії ії ідмінії from the tradition of the XIX century. to build itself on the basis of "preliminaries", and not on "speculation". It is legal to oppose the last speculation, but for the sake of it, it’s clear that it’s right, and it’s not like it’s against the backdrop of the theory. To that, the rice of the modern scientific literature comes out, it is important to correctly set the food price. The name of the following is the following:

• I can help you with specific objects, those words, with an abundance of empirical tributes that are accessible to the eye, as you can take advantage of them, obvious in the order of science;
• in a new differentiation it is possible to find empirical (seeing the facts, developing the methods of verifying), logical (making some statements from the others, establishing a link between them) and theoretical (making the reasons, making
• it is characteristic of a newer that there is a readiness of the interconnection between the establishment of facts and hypothetical prescriptions, some of the results of the procedure for converting hypotheses;
• This meta is not only an explanation of the facts and processes, but the transfer of them. As short as it is, it’s possible to bring it up to three things: rejecting the referencing of the donations, bringing them together as a matter of principle, rewriting and referencing these principles in the forecasts.

Specificity of scientific advice in social psychology

The devil's name here is the devil of scientific advice, there is a specificity in social psychology. The model of scientific dosage, promoted in the logic and methodology of science, will be on the hook of the exact sciences and first for all physics. Oftentimes, there is a lot of difference for some of the disciplines of science. Zokrema, for social psychology it is necessary to summarize a number of specific problems, so that the skin is affected by the names of the rice.

The first problem, I will post here, is the problem of empirical tributes. Danimi in social psychology can be either data about the behavior of individuals in groups, or data that characterize both the characteristics of the characteristics of the individuals, or the psychological characteristics of the group itself. The discussion about those, "admitting" of those two kinds of species in the preliminaries, has started a discussion in social psychology: in the early theoretical concepts the food is viewed in a rational way.

So, in the biochemistry social psychology for the given to be taken away from the facts of the cognitive behavior; cognitivism, navpaki, to reduce the emphasis on the data, to characterize the deprivation of the cognitive light of the individual: images, values, attitudes, etc. In the old traditions of the social and psychological preliminaries, there can be presented both types of them. It is not immediately possible to visuyvny vimogi and to the methods of sampling. Dzherelom be-like tributes in the social psychology of Lyudin, but one row of methods is attached to the restoration of the acts of his behavior, which is for the fixation of his cognitive assertions. Viznannya in the quality of the rightful tributes and that, and the second principle in the education and development of methods.

The problem of tribute is less than one side: yakim maє buti їkh obsyag? Apparently, before that, what an exchange of those present in the socially-psychological way of thinking, all sorts of things can be divided into two types: і de sense robots і polag in the already introduced by the presenter of new wines and control over them. Knowingly, in the whole diet of the greats, the theoretical position of the presenter is significant: both objects, from this point of view, are "permissible" in social psychology (it is assumed that they are included in the number of objects in a large group of people).

Another rice scientific advancement of the integration of the given in principle, prompting hypotheses and theories. The first thing about rice is even more specific in social psychology. Theories in that sense, in which they are spoken about in the logic and methodology of science, won’t be won over. As in the other humanities, the theory in social psychology does not have a deductive character, so that there is no such well-organized connection between the positions, it can be done in one way. In social and psychological theories, there is a strictness of this order, like, for example, in the theories of mathematics or logic. In such minds, it is especially important to start thinking about a hypothesis. The hypothesis "represents" in the social-psychological preliminaries theoretical form of knowledge. Zvidsi naivazhivisha lanka of social and psychological improvement of the formulation of hypotheses. One of the reasons for the weakness of the bagatokh is that there is a lack of hypotheses in them, for the illiteracy of their reason.

On the other hand, as it’s not easy to build theories in social psychology, there’s a lot of knowledge and there is no way to evolve beyond the scope of theoretical studies. A good hypothesis for this is a hypothesis in the past, not enough of the theory included in the previous practice: the research project, which was taken for the first time in the revision of the hypotheses and on the presentation of the first editors of the form, itself The offensive croc crossover to the uzagalniy bilsh viskogo rivnya, Uzagalno theoretical. Obviously, it would be optimal to suggest what kind of a foreign theory would explain all the problems of social behavior and activity of an individual in a group, the mechanisms of dynamics of the groups themselves, etc. A little more accessible is presented as a roster of so-called special theories (in the singing meaning, the stench can be called theories of the middle rank), as they want a larger sphere of higher education, such as on the side of social and psychological reality. To such theories, it is possible, for example, to introduce the theory of group development, the theory of group acceptance of decisions, the theory of leadership, etc. Similarly, prior to that, as the most important staff of social psychology and the development of special methodology, it is also relevant here and the establishment of special theories. Without this accumulation of empirical material cannot be of value for prompting the predictions of social behavior, so as for the revision of the head department of social psychology.

The third rice of scientific predictions, based on the logic and methodology of science, is based on the verifiability of hypotheses and prompts on the basis of well-grounded forecasts. The revision of hypotheses, naturally, is a necessary element of scientific preliminaries: without this element, strictly it seems, the preconceptions are amused by the senses. At the same time, at the right of reconsideration of hypotheses, social psychology brought about a number of difficulties associated with a dual status.

In the capacity of the experimental discipline of social psychology, the norms for the revision of hypotheses should be taken into account, as they are applicable for any experimental sciences, which have long been broken apart models of revision of hypotheses. However, volodiyuchi rice and humanistic discipline, social psychology is consumed in twisting, tied with a common characteristic. There is a very old polemic in the midst of philosophy of neo-positivism about those who think about it means a reversal of hypotheses, their verification. Positivism denounced legally depriving one form of verification, and the very introduction of the science of science with the data of unprecedented sensitive information. As soon as we are not motivated, then it’s impossible to say so much as we’re talking about it, but it’s true or not; you just can’t get involved in judgments like that, there "pseudo-judgment".

As soon as we strictly follow this principle (to accept the idea of ​​"hard" verification), there is no right to be found in science as well. You can see two important inheritances that can be taken by positivistically informed preachers: 1) science can only use the method of experiment more not every theoretical position can be verified). The vision of vimoga in the philosophy of neo-positivism curtailed the possibilities for the development of any non-experimental science, and set the concourse of any theoretical knowledge; there has been criticism for a long time. However seredovischі doslіdnikіv-eksperimentatorіv still pіr іsnuє vіdomy nіgіlіzm schodo whether yakih forms neeksperіmentalnih doslіdzhen: poєdnannya vseredinі sotsіalnoї psihologії dvoh began daє vіdomy Prostir for znevagi tієyu Chastain perspective, yak is not Mauger Buti doslіdzhena experiental methods i de, otzhe, nemozhliva verifіkatsіya hypothesis in this single form, in which it is broken up into a neo-ositivistic version of the logic and methodology of science.

But in social psychology, there are such subject areas, as the area of ​​advancement of the psychological characteristics of great groups, mass processes, there is no need for the availability of some of the other methods, and on those present, there is no way of verifying the problems here. there is a need for the development of some of the other methods for converting visually unresponsive hypotheses. In its own part of social psychology, it is similar to the greater human sciences and, similarly to them, is guilty of consolidating the right to discover its own specificity. In other words, here it is necessary to introduce the іnісhі criteria of science, rather quietly, as they are broken apart on the basis of materials of the exact sciences. It is impossible to wait a bit about those who, if the inclusion of the elements of humanitarian knowledge would lower the "scientific standard" of discipline: crises in contemporary social psychology, navpaki, show that there is often no way through their own programs.

In such a rank, all three formulated vyshche vimogas, before the scientific advancement, appear to be stagnant in social psychology as guards, and to multiply methodological problems.

The problem of the quality of social and psychological information

The problem of the quality of information in the social and psychological preliminaries is closely related. In a way, the problem can be formulated as the problem of rejecting over-the-top information. V Zagalom viglyadі the problem of the quality of information is determined by the way of securing the principle of representativeness, as well as by the way of converting the way of rejecting the tribute for reliability. Social psychology and social problems have a specific change. Whether it is an experimental or a correlation to a message, information, as in the new one, is guilty to the satisfaction of the singing vimogs. Vrahuvannya of the specifics of non-experimental doslidzhen is not guilty to turn into anger to the quality of information. For social psychology, as well as for the other sciences about people, there can be two types of parameters of the quality of information: active and sub-active.

It is also a boasting of the specialty of discipline, as a result of the information provided to them by Lyudin. This means that it is impossible not to rash about the fact, and then deprive it of the maximum possible level of hope and quiet parameters, which qualify as "sub-active". Obviously, you can use the form to feed the questionnaire, or you can store "sub-active" information, and you can take it out in the maximum possible amount of that good form, or you can miss out on some important moments, which are "sub-active". For additional pardons of this kind, a number of new ones are introduced.

The need for information is available to us before changing over to the need for a tool, for which additional data is collected. In the skin case, there are at least three characteristics of hope: priming (valence), strength and accuracy (Yadov, 1995).

The grunting (validity) of the instrument is the same as the characteristics of the object, which are required to be determined. The presenter is a social psychologist, being aware of the scale, is guilty of the experience, like the scale of the power itself, for example, the attitudes of the individual, like the win of the mind. There are many ways to change the tool for priming. You can go to the aid of the experts, the number of individuals, the competence of those in the preliminarily nourishment є the knowledge of the world. The rise in the characteristics of the pre-sentient power, recognized as an additional scale, can be correlated with these differences, as an expert can be given (actions without a scale). Zbіg otrimanikh results in the singing world changed in the priming of the vicorist scale. The first way, once again, of establishing on a basis, is the carrying out of additional information: food in a new guilt was formed so that they were also given an indirect characterization of the rise of the power of the previous state. In general, you can see how the scale is grounded. It can be seen that all the methods do not give an absolute guarantee of the grounding of a fixed tool, and in general, one of the most difficult challenges in social and psychological education. Vaughn will explain to them that there are not many ready-made ones here, they have already brought their valence of methods, navpaki, to the forerunner to be brought up to the heart of the skin, once again, will be an instrument.

The quality of the information is unambiguous, so that when it is rejected in recent situations, you are guilty of being identical. (Some of the information is called "trustworthy"). Ways of converting information on the strength of the offensive: a) re-revising; b) the vimir of one and the same power by the small sposter; c) the so-called "split scale", so that the scale is inverted in parts. It can be seen that all methods of conversion are based on bagatorazovy repeated vimiriv. All the stench of guilt is borne by the glorious person in the fact that we can make sure we reject the danim.

Nareshty, the accuracy of the information (in some robots to learn from the style, see Saganenko, 1977, p. 29), we see it, as a shot, there will be some metrics, or, in other words, some kind of sensitive. In such a rank, the chain of steps of approaching the results of the increase to the true value of the virtual value. Evidently, the skinhead is guilty of pragmatism of the most accurate data. However, the stem of the tool, which is a necessary level of accuracy, is to reach the right side in the row. Depend on the need for virishity, as the world of accuracy is acceptable. When making a visit, the presenter includes the entire arsenal of his theoretical statements about the object.

Destruction of one vimoga to produce a person and in another: say, this can be grounded, ale nestiyki (in the social and psychological sense, such a situation can be determined, if the role of the situation could be additional factor, which does not manifest itself in other situations); Another butt, if it can be styled, but not primed (if, admittedly, all experience has appeared as a wince, then one and the same picture will be repeated for a trivial hour, but the picture will be grateful!).

There are a lot of preludes to the fact that all the ways of converting information to the hope of a lack of detail in social psychology. In addition, R. Pento and M. Gravitz, for example, rightly respect, how to use the methods of depriving a qualified person. In the hands of the unaware prelude to the revision, "yes, inaccurate results, not really pledged pratsi and serve as the basis for unsuccessful people" (Pento, Gravitz, 1972, p. 461).

Vimogi, who are vazhayutsya elements in the pre-modern sciences, in social psychology, grow a number of difficulties due to the specific dzherela of information. How characteristic is the rice of such a dzherela, like a lyudin, to ease the situation? First of all, it’s a dzherelom information, people are guilty of the intelligence of nutrition, instruction, if it’s like it’s a glimpse of a glimpse. Alle the people think about the rise of the mind; Also, in the same point of the presenter, they check the inconsistencies. Dal, in order to become a dwarf of information, people are guilty of volodya, albeit the vibe of those who tried to try it out will not be from the point of view, but the information is quiet, but the information is quiet, but it’s not a lot of people. carry out special sessions). The situation is approaching to be ashamed of the power of human memory: as the person was thinking about food, Volodya informed, it was all those who were to be guilty of guilty for the information. Allegedly, the memory of the riches is strictly individual, and there are no guarantees of any kind, but the vibrations of viprobovan are thought to be based on the principle of more and more the same memory. Є Another important thing is that people are guilty of giving information. Yogo motivation in the whole vipad, slyly, by the singing world, can be stimulated by the instructions, the minds of the preliminaries, and even all the furnishings do not guarantee that they will be tested at the meeting with the listener.

This order, because of the unbearable hopes given by them, is especially welcome in the social psychology of nutrition about representativeness. The very production of the food is tied to the dual nature of social psychology. Yakby mova was about not just about experimental discipline, the problem was seen to be quite simple: the representativeness in the experiment was strictly observed and changed. Ale, in the time of the fundamental development of the social psychologist, is faced with an absolutely new problem for a new one, especially when it comes to mass processes. Qia is a new problem of vibrating. The minds of the decision are similar to those of the decision in sociology.

Naturally, in social psychology, it is the same norms that encourage vibrations, as the stench is described in the statistics and as the stench is used by everyone. For a presenter in the field of social psychology in principle, given, for example, such types of vibrations, such as vipadkov, type (which is stratified), vibration for a quota is too thin.

Alle, in every case, this kind of food is very creative: it is necessary for the skin to have a problem with the general success on the class, and if you do not have to work with them, you will need to get a bit of a vibrating skin, until the end of the life of the given object, up to the given characteristics of the general sukupnost. The very vision of the classes (types) in the middle of the general government is strictly dictated by the vague description of the object of the past: since it’s about the behavior and performance of the masses of people, it’s more importantly accurate, there may be visions of the type behind some parameters.

A neyskladni problem, however, is the problem of representativeness, which is in a specific form and in a social and psychological experiment. Ale, persh nіzh visvіtlyuvati її, it is necessary to give a description of quiet methods, which are stagnant in social and psychological preliminaries.

Zagalna characteristic methods of social and psychological education

The whole set of methods can be applied to two large groups: methods of further development and methods in use. We will continue to refer to the specific hallucination of social psychology, to the so-called "psychology in flow" and will be seen in the section about practical supplements of social psychology. Immediately, the methods of further analysis are analyzed, in which the methods of collecting information and methods of processing are being developed. The most sophisticated and rich classifications of methods of social and psychological education. For example, there are three groups of methods: 1) methods of empirical dosage, 2) methods of modeling, 3) management and development methods (Svunttsytsky, 1977, p. 8). When a group is in the first place, they will play all of them, about how they go and in the first chapters. Well, if you should admit to other and third groups of methods, which are significant in the guidance of the classification, then there is no stench of any special specificity in social psychology (such as visas, accept the method of authorization). Methods of collecting dues are often simply not seen in a special unit, some of them are also not specific for social and psychological pre-education, but rather viciously for the deyaky of out-of-town science. We can wait a little longer, but it’s not the least for a revelation about all the methodical education of social psychology that has been learned about the development of another group of methods.

Among the methods for collecting information, it is necessary to name: caution, vivchennya documents (zokrem, content analysis), different kind of experience (questionnaires, interviews), different kind of tests (including the widest range of laboratory tests) so і natural). Hardly docіlno in the out-of-the-box course, which is the same on the ear of the lecture characterizing the skin from tsikh methods. It is logical to take into account the problems of social psychology in case of vicious problems of social psychology; Infection, it is necessary to give deprivation of the very characterization of the skin method і, smut, to identify those moments, because in the stagnation it is difficult to develop. There are a large number of types of methods of identity that can become stagnant in sociology (Yadov, 1995).

Caution є "old people" by the method of social psychology and in some way to oppose the experiment as an incomprehensible method. At the same time, there are far from all the possibilities of the method of guarding the current situation in social psychology: in the times of rejection of the data about the behavior, the method of guarding the city is even more important. The main problem is that, when the method of caution is stashed, the problem is that the fixation of the singing classes of characteristics, which "read" the protocol of the caution to the reader, could be misunderstood. On the fast moving food, you can use the following formulas: Yak fiksuvati sposterezhuvane?

There are many rich propositions for organizing the so-called structure of these caveats, so that the vision of certain classes from afar, for example, intermodal peculiarities in a group with a given number of fiches, etc. Below, we will describe in detail one of such samples, broken by R. Beils. Food about the vision of the class of spared appearances є by the day food about the one of the wary, as it seems, it’s worth it, and in the first part of the psychology. In social and psychological dosages, it is possible to use the same version for a specific skin type for thinking about the subject matter. The main principle of nutrition is a whole hour interval, which can be sufficient for fixation, be one of them. I would like to have a lot of different procedures in order to preserve the fixation of the same in the first hour of the day, food cannot be respected until the end of the day. It can be seen that the method of caution is not so primitive, as it is created for the first glance, and, without a doubt, maybe with the success of being stuck in the ranks of social and psychological doslidzhen.

Vivchennya of documents is of great importance, reflections for the additional method of possible analysis of products of human activity. Inodі unprimed protistavlyayut the method of vivchennya documents, for example, by the method of learning yak method "ob'єktivny" to the method of "sub'єactive". It’s unlikely that the counterpart is pre-verbal: even in the documents, the information is interspersed with the person, and all the problems, if any, will be lost in strength. Evidently, the world of the "sub-activity" of the document is different in the presence of the fact that an official document is read, but it is a special document, but it is always present. A special problem is in this case, in connection with the fact that the document is interpreted by a presenter, as well as people with their own powerful, individual psychological peculiarities. Nayvazhliv_shu role when vivchennі document gra, for example, zdatn_st until the text is cleared. The problem of rationalization is a special problem of psychology, but here it is possible to get involved in the process of storing the methodology, so, you can't help but fraternize.

To add a new kind of "sub-activity" (interpretation of the document by the reader), a special method is introduced, which I will call "content-analysis" (literally: "analiz zmistu") (Bogomolova, Stefanenko, 1992). There is a special, more formalization method for analyzing a document, if the text contains special "odinits", and then the frequency of their implantation is increased. The method of content-analysis є senses stasovuvati only in quiet vipadki, if the presenter can handle a great array of information, so it is possible to analyze numerical texts. A practical method is to get stuck in social psychology during pre-adolescence in the field of mass communes. A number of difficult things are not familiar, in an obvious way, to the methods of content analysis; for example, the very process of seeing the same text, naturally, is rich in what to lie in and from the theoretical position of the presenter, and from his special competence, the level of his creative possibilities. For example, with the vicarious methods of social psychology, there is a reason for success and failure to lie in the mystery of a glimpse.

The experience of broadening the priyom in social and psychological dosages, scho viclikak, mabut, most of the number of narcotics. Critical acclaim is rotated in a subdivision of the drive of the same, as it is possible to update the information, in order to get it out of the prior art, on the basis of its self-proclaiming. A call of this kind is based either on non-reasonableness, or on absolute incompetence in the area of ​​practice. Among the numerical types of experience of the greatest extension can be found in the social psychology of the interview and the questionnaire (especially with the preliminaries of great groups).

The main methodological problems, which arise in the case of stagnant methods, appear in the design of the power supply. The first step is the logic of prompting you to transfer the power supply by delivering the very information that is needed for the hypothesis, and in addition, the information is as good as possible. Find out the numerical rules to induce skin nutrition, growth in the singular order, ugrupovannya in okremі blocks, etc. The literature has a detailed description (Lectures for the methodology of specific social media. M., 1972) types of pardons, which are found in case of illiterate design of the power supply. All this is to serve the fact that the power supply is not in the forehead, but in the forehead, the author has no idea for the idea of ​​the singing, as it was not in the educator, but in the program of the presenter, in the hypothesis, the proponent. The design of the power supply for the navazhch robot, you can’t be quick about it, for any waste of the power supply will serve without compromising the method.

Outside of that, there is a great problem of storing the interv'yu, there is a great deal of communication between the intervuera and the respondent (that is, people who are prompted to feed), as it is itself, by its own means, an act of social and psychological. In the course of the interview, all the descriptions in the social psychology of the ways of acting one people for one another appear, all the laws of people taking one one, the norms of their spirit. The skin's characteristics can be infused into the quality of information, or one type of "sub-activity" can be introduced, about yakuyu vishlya. It is necessary for mothers in respect, that all the problems are not new for social psychology, because of the drive of the skin shatter from them, "antiotruti", and the development of the field is deprived of the fact that a good conscience is put before the methods of health. In opposition to the broadening of an unprofessional look, it’s easy to learn the "easy" method, you can easily use it, but it’s good to learn the "important" method of social and psychological awareness.

Testing is not a specific social-psychological method, the stench is widely stagnant in the other areas of psychology. If you talk about the stagnation of tests in social psychology, it’s probably the most special test, the older the group test. Alle і tsey kind of tests, as it seems, it is fixed in general psychological predictions of specialties, certain special specifics of storing a method in socially-psychological predictions of psychology, all methodological standards are taken into account

Yak vіdomo, a test of a special kind of viprobvannya, in the course of any vyprobovaniya vikonuє, either on a special basis, or on the basis of nutrition, as well as on the basis of nutritional questionnaires or an interview. The food in the tests is of an indirect nature. The sense of the extra processing of the field is in the fact that, behind the additional "key", it is necessary to identify the specific parameters, for example, the characteristics of the specialty, as well as the information about the special tests. The majority of such tests are broken down in pathopsychology, and they are less sensitive in accordance with the methods of clinical caution. At the singing boundaries, the father-in-law gives important information about the characteristics of the pathology of the specialty. You can use the most weakness of special tests, that is, how the stench smells better than one side of the specialty. Tsei is not very common in folding tests, for example, Cattel tests or MMPI tests. However, the stagnation of these methods is not in the minds of pathology, but in the minds of norms (for which I can tell the right social psychology) in the minds of the methodological correctives.

Naygolovnіshe food, as it stands here, the price of food about those that are significant for the particularity of the proponation of food and nutrition; In the social and psychological dosage it is possible to compare the test values ​​of the specific characteristics of the specificity and performance in the group, etc. Naybіlsh pardon є іlusіya about those who want to carry out mass testing of specialties in such a group, as all the problems of the whole group and specialties, and warehouses, become clear. The social psychology of the father-in-law can be stagnant as it is for a long time. The dues of the obligatory guilt are given for the dues that have been denounced for the help of their methods. Until then, the stasis of tests should be of a local nature; however, the stench must be lost without one part of the social psychology of the problem and the specialness. The tests, however, are not very important for diagnostics of the group. Yak butt can be named by filling a wide widened sociometric test, which will be seen especially in the section assigned to the small group.

An experiment of appearance in the capacity of one of the main methods of advancement in social psychology. Polemics about the possibilities and ideas of the experimental method in the whole region and one of the most severe polemics and methodological problems in the given hour (Zhukov, Grzhegorzhevskaya, 1977). Social psychology has two main types of experiment: laboratory and natural. For both types, there are some basic rules, which rotate the essence of the method, and the very fact that the experimenter introduced the independent winter and control over them, as well as for the changes of the fallow ones. We will also be able to see the control and experimental groups, so that the results of the test could be a good standard. However, the laboratory and natural experiments can be controlled by their own rules. Especially controversial for social psychology є nutrition about laboratory experiments.

Discussion problems and methods of social and psychological education

In the current literature, two problems are discussed in the general plan: how ecological is the value of the laboratory experiment, so that there is a possibility of broadening the data on "real life" Yak found methodological nutrition maybe it’s just a meal about those who don’t get involved in laboratory experiments, it’s a real fabric of suspicious things, sometimes it’s "social", like the warehouse that has found the context in the social and psychological predictions. First of all, from the problems posed, to understand different points of view. There are a lot of authors in the past with the named interconnection of laboratory experiments, which are considered for the purposes of a laboratory experiment and does not require an ecological of real situations, it is necessary to interpret the same theory. The third, like, for example, D. Campbell, is to introduce a special class of "quasi-experiment" in social psychology (Campbell, 1980). The insight of the experiments is not dictated by the logic of scientific preliminaries, but in a kind of "trained" viglyad. Campbell scrupulously grounded the adolescent's right to such a form of experiment, consistently appealing to the specificity of the subject in social psychology. At the same time, on the thought of Campbell, you need to make the numerical "dirty" the internal and external valence of the experiment in the whole experience of knowing and changing the value. The main idea of ​​a pole is in the fact that in the social and psychological preliminaries and in the experimental zokrem, it is necessary to organize good analysis... This kind of mirkuvannya can, zychayno, be taken to the point of respect, or not know all the problems.

The lack of interconnection of laboratory experiments, discussed in the literature, is tied to specific solutions to the problem of representativeness. Let the laboratory experiment not get involved in the observance of the principle of representativeness, so that the exact definition of the class of objects, on which it is possible to widen the results, is possible. However, there is no social psychology, there is such a kind of wickedness, as it is impossible not to vrahovuvati. Schob in the laboratory minds, take a group of children from the past, who need a trivial term "virvati" for real life. It’s surprisingly, so I think the prices are smooth, but more often the experimenter goes on a lighter road, and then it’s quietly vaping, which is closer and more accessible. Most often they are students of psychology faculties, moreover, it is from them that they saw their readiness, when they took part in the experiment. Ale the Same Tsei fact i viklikaє criticism (US іsnuє navіt znevazhlivy termіn "sotsіalna psychology drugokursnikіv" іronіchno fіksuє perevazhayuchy contingent viprobovuvanih studentіv psihologіchnih fakultetіv), so yak in sotsіalnіy psihologії vіkovoї, profesіyny status viprobovuvanih graє duzhe seryoznu role i the name of zmіschennya Mauger much spotvoriti results. In addition, the "readiness" of the experiment with the experimenter also means the free will of the vibration. So, in a number of experiments, the so-called "anticipatory assessment" has been fixed, if the tests are given to the experimenter, if they are correct. In addition, we will expand the phenomenon in laboratory experiments in social psychology є so the title of Rosenthal-effective, if the result is determined by the presence of the experimenter (descriptions of Rosenthal).

In the case of laboratory experiments in natural minds, they may be overwhelmed by people who are overwhelmed, but they don’t have to compromise on this kind of “purity” and accuracy. As long as it is vrahuvati naivazhlivisha vimoga of social psychology vivchati real social groups, the real nature of the specialties in them, then it is possible to use the natural experiment with a more promising method of knowledge. However, it is necessary to rub between the accuracy of the analysis and the glimpse of the analysis of the data, then it is not only to the problems of the experimental method.

All the descriptions of the methodology are made with the same spil rice, specific for the social and psychological education. Whenever there is a form of rejection of information, for a mind, with a dzherel її є lyudin, the winners are so special, as in the interplay of the glimpse of viprobuvanim. Tsya vzaєmodiyya nayaskravіshe manifests itself in the interv'yu, albeit actually given with any of the methods. The very fact that it has been established for a long time already in the social and psychological literature. However, it’s a serious rosette, the creation of a number of problems and checks of their own pre-epochs.

A number of important methodological problems arise when characterizing another group of methods, and the methods themselves for processing material. All statistics (correlation analysis, factor analysis) At the same time, taking into account logical and theoretical processing (prompting typologies, specific ways, prompting explanations, etc.). The axis is here and there appears to be known as rubbing. What kind of world does the doslidnik have the right to include in the interpretation of the gifts of the world not only logic, but the theory of the world? Would not the inclusion of such moments reduce the activity of the past, bring into it those that in the modern science of science are called the problem of values? For the natural and especially the exact sciences, the problem of values ​​is not just a special problem, but for the sciences about people, and also for social psychology, for that matter.

In the current scientific literature, there is a polemic about the problem of values ​​to know its own revision in the formulation of two reflections of the scientific knowledge of the "scientist" and "humanistic" and the definition of the facts among them. The scenic image of the science of creation in the philosophy of neopositivism. The head idea, which was laid as the basis for encouraging such an image, matched all the sciences with the most suvorim and blamed the natural sciences, the first for all physics. Science is guilty of spiraling onto a rigorous foundation of facts, setting up a suvor method of visualization, vikoristovuvati operational understanding (that is, an understanding, according to what is known to some sort of fractured operation, to understand quietly, such as it seems to be true to understanding) Any price judgment cannot be included in the process of scientific advancement itself, nor in the interpretation of its results, although it is also included in lowering the quality of knowledge, in view of the accessibility to the regions by sub'-active visibility. Apparently to the whole image of science, the role of the scientist in the suspension was interpreted. Vaughn ototozhnuvalasya s the roll of an unprecedented sposter, albeit not a participant in a prelude to the light. In short, it is allowed to see the role of an engineer, or, more precisely, the technique, what kind of development of specific recommendations, but it is assumed from the view of the principles of their nutrition, for example, how to direct the way to achieve the results.

Already at the very earliest stages of the birth of some kind of glances, the boules hang out seriously against such a point of view. Especially the stink of the sciences about people, about suspension, about about suspension phenomena. This is the same zaprechennya bulo formed, zokrem, in the philosophy of neo-Kantianism, de negotiated the thesis about the principle of development "of sciences about nature" and "sciences about culture". At the same time, the closest to concrete psychology, the problem was posed by V. Dilthea with the establishment of the "mind of psychology", de the principle of mindfulness hanging on equal steps with the principle of explanation, it is possible to be taken away by positivists. In such a rank, the polemic of ma dovgu іstorіyu. Today's other is directly related to the "humanistic" tradition and richly in what is inspired by the philosophical ideas of the Frankfurt School.

Prohibiting the position of socialism, the humanistic orientation is based on the fact that the specifics of the sciences about people are included in the fabric of scientific knowledge, which is related to social psychology. Thinking, formulating the problem, understanding the meta of his long-term experience, focusing on the singing values ​​of the support, both as a result of a visit; given the values ​​they accept, allow them to comprehend the straightforwardness of their recommendations; to the understanding, values ​​of the necessary "presence" and in the interpretation of the material to the student, and the fact is not "knowledge" of the knowledge, but, navpaki, to rob the Philosophical development of the whole problem and will be updated in this hour and with respect to it from the side of social psychology. One of the points of criticism of the American tradition from the side of European authors (especially S. Moskovichi) is formed itself in response to the central organization of social and psychological thoughts (Moskovich, 1984, p. 216).

The problem of values ​​is not just abstract, but rather an actual problem for social psychology. The relevance of the selection, development and storing of specific methods cannot by itself bring success in social and psychological thinking, since the problem has been incorporated into the whole, so to speak in the "social context". It’s obvious that it’s not easy to know the ways, behind the addition of such a social context, there can be accumulations in the skin specific dosage. Ale tse is also a friend of food. It is important to address the problem, intelligence, and the value of judgment is inevitably present in the preliminaries of the sciences, such as social psychology, and it is necessary not to consider the problem, but rather to control the vibration of one's own state of mind. On the level of skin nutrition, you can stand like this: in front of the ear of food, in front of the selection of the method, you need to think over for yourself the basic outline of the dose, think over, for the sake of what, with what purpose you have to be afraid, what to go out for, to learn. It is in the context of the rest of the rocky that it is discussed in social psychology, as well as in social science (Yadov, 1995), nutrition about the knowledge of the methods of education.

By means of the implementation of all cikhs, they are encouraged by the programs of social and psychological education. With the obviousness of quiet methodological difficulties, about how they spoke, it is important to understand clearly in the skin awareness, express the ability to assess the consumer, the vibration of the object, to encompass the problem, how to get to the bottom of the problem, to clarify the whole system. Tse is rich in what will be accepted "methodological equipments" in advance. Itself behind the help of the programs can be quilted, which is the rank of the skin to be included in the "social context". The current stage in the development of social psychology is to set the goal of encouraging a free "etalon" of social and psychological preliminaries to oppose that ideal, which is based on the philosophy of non-positivism. Tsey etalon is guilty of including in itself all these vimogas, as this year is presented to the science of its methodological reflection. The program itself can be used to take a thoroughly detailed doslidzhen, transforming them into a skin environment from a simple "collecting danikh" (using thorough methods) into a reference scientific analysis of a literal object.

Literature until the third section

Bogomolova N.N., Stefanenko T.G. Content analysis. M., 1992.

Zhukov Yu.M., Grzhegorzhevskaya I.A. Experiment in social psychology: problems and prospects // Methodology and methods of social psychology. M., 1977.

Campbell D. Models of Experiments in Social Psychology and Applied Prescriptions. Per. from English M., 1980.

Lectures for the methodology of specific social media. M., 1972.

Leontyev A.N. Dіyalnіst. Svidomost. Specialty. M., 1975.

Pento R., Gravitz M. Methods of social sciences / Transl. s fr. M., 1972.

Saganenko G.N. Sociological information. L., 1977.

Svantsitsky A., Semenov V.Є. Social and psychological dosage // Methods of social psychology. L., 1977.

Moscow S. Comradeship and theory in social psychology // Modern social psychology. Texts. M., 1984.

Otrut V.A. Sociological dosage. Methodology, program, methods. Samara, 1995.

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PERDMOVA
Tse vidannya is broken through all the rocks of the last
to the entrance of the handler to the light. Yak minimum two furnishings craved
of the hundredths.
First for everything, the price of change in the very subject of research
nannya, tobto in the social and psychological characteristics of the most
suspensions and, of course, in those of a suspension and a specialty. social
mental psychology, like vidomo, virishu zavdannya, proponated society
vom, and not with a suspension, but with a specific type of
suspension. Rozpad SRSR і vyniknennya Rossii yak independent
the powers have proponated the social psychology of a number of new
blemishes, as they craved the singing comprehension of the new reality
ti. So, the sense of suspicion of suspicious signs was lost,
living in the country, as the leading socialist and, also,
describe the specific attributes of the common type. Come on
to bring the problem of social psychology as a social psychology to a radical change in nature.
di suspensions, within the framework of which won.
In a different way, the addressee’s snakes, before any atrocities,
nik. First two vidannya zovsim virazno bully addressed to stu-
Dent of Psychological Faculties and Education of Universities,
children in that hour social psychology as the primary subject of study
It was itself in the cich pidrozdilakh. Zmіni, scho went to the backyard
one of its results in the spiritual sphere mali burhlive zrostannya
I am interested in social psychology not only among representatives of other
of their academic professions, ale also and in the middle of practical training
materials, managers, financiers. Besides, significant development
dabble and practical social psychology, how to master
not only those traditional galuzy, yak osvita, health care
nya, the army, the system of law enforcement agencies, and the th proponuє sh-
a certain system of specific features and forms of social and psychological
cheskogo in pour. It is important to satisfy all kinds of roses.
a non-native group of readers. The handler still takes care of it as a handler,
signs for vishchikh chief pledges, I want professional
ni orієntiri in the given form, how can one be revenged: material
adaptations before the reception of yogo yak by psychologists, ale also student
tami-sociologists, economists, representatives of technical dis-
tsiplin, so that it is practical to teach a subject at universities.
Everything said to me
to the plan until you see it.
First of all, I admit it is because I do not care about radical
economic, political and social transformation in our
the country, we cannot and should not be guilty of being in charge of the history, so
and from the history of science, in this type of social psychology, form
bed in specific historical minds. Mozhe bootie, cei fact
not so significant for the natural sciences, alemie principles for the sciences,
May right with people and suspension. To that fragment of history-
the development of social psychology in the minds of the SRCP I do not
everyday savings.
In a different way, the discussion about the role of Marxist philosophy in
the formulation of theoretical and methodological foundations of social
psychology. Tsya discipline in the menshіy world, nіzh, for example, social
ology for political economy, Bula is engaged in the Marxist ideology
gієyu. However, here the elements of the ideological injected, undoubtedly
ale, mali misce. The focus was on the normative
the nature of social and psychological knowledge, for example, in the assessment
their characteristics of specialties and groups, in the accepted
specialties and її in charge of the collective, of the
with respect to the announcements about the ideal well-being.
How can we set ourselves up to such an ideological engagement?
I don’t think it’s the best way to go - just see
developmental ideas in the fabric of social psychological
gii. Still better - replace one ideological row with a yakim-nebud.
Vvazhayu, for the interlocutors of social psychology and Marxism
it is necessary to resolve the two sides. Persha - victoriannya philosophical
Marxism as a methodological basis of discipline. With the permission
all social and psychological theories of happiness in the kintsev rakhunka
spiral to the same system of philosophical principles. the right of each
to the glorious person to accept (or see) to
those of philosophical knowledge і dotrimuvatisya їkh. It's also right maє buti
Spared for the Marxist philosophy. The other side - then accept
(For seeing) an ideological diktat, which became a legacy
In addition, Marxism has become an official ideological deyakoi socially
political system - socialist state. tsey straight
diktat mav dramatic heritage for science disciplines
in the history of our suspension. The same side is in the right
ki and ideology is guilty but acknowledged. text> social psychology, as if it were a science, I can help
suspension, inevitable. It is important to read the meaning of this thought,
social determination social and psychological phenomenon
new innocently mean the apologetics of the current political rhe-
bench press. It's a pity that the very tsya of truth often went to the point of zabuttyu. Once
a misnomer about the share of suspended sciences and relations with society
vom - a whole year globally zdannya all suspilstvoznavtsiv. Pidruchnik, before-
set an elementary course, cannot and is not guilty of analyzing
a problem in the general public. Zavdannya polyagaє in that, when the system-
ticheskik vikladi specific nutrition the problem of qia yak bi stood
them, on. Naskіlki went into solving the problem, the author is judged
important.
Once again, I’m thinking about the bagato
number of generations of my students and readers, holding out
n'fifteen rocky in the study of social psychology for my study
Nick, so why don't you give me. I also admit
it is good to my colleagues - viclades and teachers of the department of social
Psychology Faculty of Psychology of Moscow State University,
lend the department itself and after experiencing its establishment of the course of social
psychology: їх respect і comments, morbidity when using
baths of a handler, they gave me an unappreciated help.
The recommended literature is given in a complete form so that
monographs and statistics from the collection of data
for a skin break (in the whole range of author's monographs, as well as
Okremikh articles from the given names of the book, de stinks published
raditi); in the nursery school, a list of the literature, de
named only monographic robots and collective collectibles from piv
them vikhidnymi
them articles and answers and authors). A new list of robots
you can read the original recommendation to the supplementary reading at
in the course of social psychology.
G. Andrєєva
Rozdil 1
JOIN
Chapter 1
MISCE SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGIS
IN THE SYSTEMS OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE
Pidhid to the problem
misce, yake loan of discipline in the system of scientific knowledge
nya. Winning on the stick of sciences - psychology and sociology, social
the mental psychology of the dosage of the special status. tse
to produce before the skin s disciplines do
It is very eager to include it in itself in the warehouse part. ta-
some ambiguity in the position of scientific discipline is
for many reasons. The head of them є is actively
the establishment of such a class of facts of a suspicious life, such as
on your own, you can get to know if you need help
Zusil of two sciences: psychology and sociology. One side
be-yake suspilne manifestation of maє svіy as-
pect, splinters of a suspicious regularity do not appear
іnakshe yak through the strength of people, and people are doing, being
overpowering witness and will. From the side, in situations
the social abilities of people are recognized as a whole
types of sounds between them, sounds of communication and interaction, and
analysis of the ill-feeling posture by the system of psychological knowledge.
The reason for the subordinate position of social psi
hologii є the very history of the formation of the whole discipline,
yaka vizrіvala in nadra at once і psychological, і
sociological knowledge and in the main sense of the word there was a crossover of two sciences. All the times are difficult
8
as in the subject of social psychology, as well as in
the appearance of a stake and problems.
In addition to using the practice of suspension development
dictate the need for such
problems, and hardly any residual solution is possible
millet about the subject of social psychology for the first time. per-
Tannya on social and psychological awareness in minds
the modern stage of the development of the suspension should be literally
all spheres of suspicious life, especially in conjunction with
cutaneous from them, radical changes occur. ta-
to power supply, go to the area of ​​industrial branch,
of various spheres of education, systems of mass information,
last demographic policy, fight against anti-community
behavior, sports, services, etc. can be asserted
date, for practical powering up the development of theoretical
who is known in social psychology.
All tse, insanely, stimulates intensive development of
social psychology on happy step... the need for
take advantage of two other surroundings. Perche, tim, scho in
History of Radian Social Psychology yak
self-discipline science buv to reach the triva break і no-
viy stage of the boisterous povavleniya socially-psychological
jen pochavsya deprived in the early 50s - the ear of the 60s. By
friend, Tim, what is social psychology in its own way є when
is a science, so it is worth even close to the gostrich social
political problems, and in principle it is possible
victorian її results in small suspension strengths -
mi. Social Psychology at the Entry, I am Duzhe Solidnu
History, which is also transformed to support the truth.
Such a rank, for social psychology, yak, you can be,
ni for any science, the update is relevant overnight
two buildings: і the introduction of practical recommendations, otrimaniy-
them in the course of applied doslіdzhen, such necessary practical
tiku, і his own hairy booth yak tsіlіnoї
new systems of scientific knowledge with clarifications of their subject, different
development of special theories and special methodology for
followings.
Proceeding to the revival of the zykh zavdan, naturally, it is necessary.
as long as you don’t think about the exact definitions, fix a number of problems
social psychology, schob is strictly due to the staff.
as you can be true with the help of discipline. mi
it is possible to take this point of view, well, unimpressed
on a prikordonny character, social psychology є hour-
9
Discussion about the subject
social psychology
in 20-s rocky
ma psychology (I want to know the point of view, for example
entry. introduction of social psychology to sociology). follow-
kovi. The identification of a stake and problems mean a vision
Psychological issues
they come up to the competence of the very social psychology. scraps
psychological science in our country has its own
meta go from the principle of virtue, it is possible intellectually meaningful
to read the specifics of social psychology as a rule of thumb
behavioral and intellectual qualities of people, summed up the inclusions
їх in social groups, as well as psychological characteristics
the tsikh groups themselves.
Before such a cleverness of their subject, social psychology
did not come all at once, because for the
Analyze Zmist Quiet Discussion, as Mali Misce in
її history.
In the history of Radianskoy social
psychology can see two
pa tsiy discussion: 20th pp. і kіnets
50s - an ear of the 60s, pp. Insult ci etapu
I may not only be of historical interest, but I also add more gly-
sideways intelligence mice of social psychology in the system of scientific
knowledge and reception of the exact value of the
subject.
At 20-і рр., Tobto in the first rocks of the Radianskoy region, discussion about
the subject of social psychology stimulated two
surroundings. On one side, the very life in the minds of the
volitional suspensions hung up on social development
psychological problems. From the side, ideyna bo-
Ba quiet rockin inevitably flooded the region to the social and psychological
great knowledge. Yak vidomo, tsia ida, the struggle flared up in
both rocky and materialistic and idealistic psychological
giyu, if all psychology like science was going through the period of the state
breaking your philosophical, methodological foundations... for the judges
b social psychology is especially important small point of view
G.I. Chelpanova. yaky, grabbing the positions of idealistic psi
hologii, having proponated the division of psychology into two parts: social
wu and vlasne psychology. Social psychology, on yogo
dumka, is guilty of rozroblyatisya within the framework of Marxism, and Vlas
ale psychology is guilty of being overwhelmed by empirical science, which does not depend on
from a glance to the glance and from the Marxism of zokrem (Chelpa-
new 1924). Such a point of view is formally a bully for a vizannya
the rights of social psychology on the basis of knowledge, however, the price of
10
debate on the Marxist philosophical foundations of the inshoi part of the psycho
logia (div.: Budilova, 1971).
Positsiya G.I. Chelpanova appeared unacceptable for quiet psi
hologov, who took the idea to wake up the philosophical wasps
innovations of all psychology, included in the system of the Marxist
knowledge (div.: Vigotsky, 1982, p. 379). Zaprechennya Chelpanov with-
we didn’t understand the form.
Persh for all the boolean ideas about those, scho, oskіlki, bu-
Duchy interpreted from the point of view of Marxist philosophy,
the whole psychology is social, there is no need for
share the same special social psychology:
one hundred single psychology is guilty of butti pidrozdila on psychology
individual and psychology of the team. Qia dot zoru otrimala
his own image in robots V.A. Artyomova (Artyomov, 1927). іnshy
pіdhіd buv proponation from the point of view was rendered in tі rock by
Let's look at reactology. Here, also against Chelpanov, before-
laga of saving the unity of psychology, ala in this vypadku
by way of extension to the behavior of people in the collective
Toda reactology. Same tse meant that the team poni
it’s a little less than a single reaction of one’s members to one irritation-
tel, and the staff of social psychology will see the speed
ty, force and dynamism of collective reactions. Methodology
Reactology Bula rozvinen K.N. Kornilovim, according to new
to establish і reactological
logia (Kornilov, 1921).
Free from the point of view Chelpanova bulo
proponated by the prominent psychologist P.P. Blonsky, yaky od-
they were first given nutrition about the need for an analysis of roles
social middle ground in the characterization of the psyche of people. For new
I looked like a special power of people,
tied up with other people. Social support
came and tvarin. Tom's proposition Blon-
it was hard to turn on the psychology as a biology
gic science in a number of social problems. rubbing
socially and be-like psychology here, too,
elk (Blonsky, 1921).
Chelpanov still went through the vidatny
Radiansky physiologist V.M. Ankylosing spondylitis. Yak vidomo, Bekhterov v-
Having stepped into the proposition, one can create a special science - reflexology.
Singing galuz її wіn proponuvav vikoristovuvati to solve
nya social and psychological problems. Qiu galuz Bekhterev
naming and respecting, scho її object -
the price of the behavior of the collectives, the behavior of the particularity in the collective,
call out the debate of social affairs, especially
performance, mutual relations. For ankylosing spondylitis also
the intelligence of collective reflexology was overcome
laziness of sub'єktivist social psychology. tse podolavshi-
nya vin bachiv in the fact that all the problems and collectives are tlumachilis
how spіvvіdnoshennya zvnіshnіh injections with rod and mimic-
somatic reactions of їх members. Social and psychological
cue pidhid is guilty of the booty for the safety of the principles
reflexology (mechanisms of communication of people in a collective) і
sociology (particularities of collectives and
my life and class struggle in the suspension). In the kintsevoy bag in front of
met collective reflexology by starting in this way
zom: і zborisch ...
nist yak tsele, zavdyaky in the same splash one by one
to be included in them іndivіdіv> (Bekhterєv, 1994, p. 40).
I want in such a way and the idea of ​​Corisnas, asserting
yes, what is the team?
new qualities and power, may be deprived of the interaction of products
all people, the methodological platform was all
ma ugly. In spite of the thought, especially the qualities and powers
Interpreted how to develop according to these laws,
and quality indiv. Tse bulo tribute to the mechanism, yak
having permeated the entire reflexology system:

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Methodology is a whole system of principles and methods of organizing and encouraging theoretical and practical activity, as well as the system.

As the theory is the result of knowledge, the methodology is the basis for the way of reaching and encouraging knowledge. In the case of the walnut term, "methodology" means "path of knowledge". However, the methodology can only be understood in the same way as long as the understanding itself is revealed.

In everyday robots, the methodology of social psychology is given yak three rubles.

1. Zagalna methodology - a deyakiy zagalny philosophical pidhid, which is accepted as a presenter. Zokrem, for social psychology, is to develop within the framework of the anthropocentric tendency (as it comes from us), the whole philosophical and anthropological theory of spirituality.

The basic methodology is the formulation of the most important principle, which, by some means, is unrecognizable, to be victorious in the past.

2. private(Abo, special) methodology - the essence of methodological principles, as vikoristoyutsya in the whole knowledge.

Private methodology є the implementation of philosophical principles of a hundred-fold specific object of dosage. There is a chain of learning, ale of adaptations to a larger university sphere of knowledge.

In social psychology, as GM Andrєєv justly stands for, methodology is formed as an integration of methodological principles, psychology, and sociology.

Yak the butt of G.M. Andrєєva proponate, as the principle of efficiency is fixed in social psychology.

The philosophical principle of dyyalnosti means realizing the dyyalnosti in the way of being people. The whole principle of visualization is based on an even wider principle - the principle of visualization, if the visualization is visible as the form of visualization, as the transfer of the activity of the particularity.

Otzhe, otrimo nachne.
Sociology has the ability to interpret yak

• way of providing human support;
• the implementation of social laws, which are manifested in the activity of people.

Dіyalnіst formє and changes in mind іnuvannya people, social groups, suspensions in general. Through the ability to specialize is included in the system of suspicious payments.

Psychology has the ability to look at yak

• specific type of human activity;
• deyakiy sub'єktno-ob'єktne vіdnoshennya, in yaku lyudin - sub'єkt - singing rite is rendered to ob'єktu, ovolodіvaє by her.

The category of performance, in such a rank, "is now seen in its action as a tangible offense of the pole - the pole of the object, and the pole of the sub" (A. N. Leontyev). The power of a person's supply is a dynamic system (if the way of realizing their interests is a specialty and social group to reinvent life), and the process (satisfaction of some needs, new, etc.).

Also, the efficiency is a dynamic process, in the course of which the specialness itself develops.

Social psychology, adopting the principle of effectiveness in the sense of one of the principles of their own special methodology, adapting it to the subject of its own preliminaries.

If you look at the quality of the subject before the group, then instead of the principle of efficiency open up in the offensive main provisions:
a) efficiency - social value
people, in the course of which there are absolutely special calls, for example, communication;
b) sub'єkt of performance - not only individ, but the th group, suspension, that is, sukupny sub'єkt,
c) activity - the main part of the group dynamics,
d) for the recognition of the group yak of the sukup sub'єkta of the

• consume a group,
• motives of group activity;
• note group activity and so on.

In such a rank, the principle of dyyalnosti is re-embodied in its own way the standard of social-psychological doslidzhennya, viznachag prelidnitsku strategy. And the whole function of the special methodology.

3. Methodology yak sukupnіst of specific methodological principles, TE Those scho in our literature are often referred to by the word "technique".