Scientific bases of safety of life. basics of BJD

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Vikhodyachi z happy news safety of living and a rich-faceted object of intelligence and efficiency, which is a requirement for integration of development strategies, spheres, aspects, forms and development of knowledge. Warehouse halls for business intelligence about security.

All sorts of people have a great respect to vivchennyu disciplines, tied with food safety. Formerly the European program of development in the field of sciences about the Risks "FORM-ОSE", the science about safety may be of a world-wide and professional character. Before them lie down:

• 
  humanitarian(Philosophy, theology, linguistics);
• 
  natural(Mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology);
• 
  Engineering Science(Opіr materіalіv, engineerna on the right, electronics);
• 
  science about ludin(Medicine, psychology, ergonomics, pedagogy);
• 
  science about suspension(Sociology, economics, law).

Science about security of foreign and surrounding parts. Humanities, natural sciences, engineering sciences, sciences about people and about suspension є warehouse knowledge, which is called safe living, a true root of the genealogical tree of knowledge in the sphere of safe living. Three roots "sprouted" ecological culture, social ecology and science. By the crown of a tree є protection pratsi, gіgієna pratsі, pozhezhna bezpeka, Engineering psychology, civil defense, the basics of medical knowledge, protection of the natural environment, industrial ecology, social and communal hygiene and rich disciplines.

Bezpeka zhitєdіyalnosti - tse science about the comfortable and safe interaction of people from the middle, in which wine is.

Science is the whole sphere of human activity, the functions of which are the processing and theoretical systematization of the observational knowledge about light, and also the description, explanation and forecasting of processes and manifestations of action, in order to become the subject on the basis of legitimacy. Skin science is a powerful methodological apparatus, structure of doslidzhen, mov. Science is derived from all kinds of information that is theoretically based on performance.

Bezpeka zhittєdіyalnostі Teper formuєtsya yak science, yak zabezpechuє єdiny, zagalny pіdhіd to rozrobki i realіzatsії vіdpovіdnih zasobіv i zahodіv schodo stvorennya i pіdtrimki health that Bezpieczne minds Zhyttia i dіyalnostі Person of the yak in povsyakdennih Minds pobutu that virobnitstva so i minds in Nadzvychaina sytuatsia situatsіy.

Vivchennya discipline "Bezpeka zhittadіyalnosti" "Bezpeka" і "Life". A selection of terms "Life"... If I wanted to understand life, I felt from the very ear of the people, the very term “life” is somewhat new. Since the advent of pilots in cosmonautics, and even more and more victorious in these spheres: we are talking about the life of a village, a place, a district, about the life of a microorganism, it’s correct to see the text

1. 
   The main understanding and recognition in the safety of life.

"Life" to be stored in two words - « life» і "Dіyalnіst", To that, there is a sprinkle of skin worms from them.

life- a whole series of forms of material development, as it evolves from building to multiplication, growth, development, active regulation of one's warehouse and functions, developmental forms of ruin, the possibility of increasing the number of different types of reaction

Life in a clear form nuvannya materija in parity with іnshim - physical, chemical, energetic meager ..

life- there is a special form of matter due to the specific exchange of speech, self-updates, system management, self-development, physical and functional discrete living entities and suspicious conglomerates.

To complete the foldable design of the vivedemo head: life can be seen as the last, the ordering of exchanges of words and energy. Invisible power of the living animal є activity (mish, birds, people).

activityє specific human form activity, necessary mind human suspension The zmіst of such a pole in the preschool wines and reinvented in the interests of the people of the navkolishny middle.

Human activity is very special, as it is from the activity of their living organisms and isstot. The peculiarity of the polarity lies in the fact that people do not just stick to the midst of the day, but they transform for the satisfaction of the power needs, actively interrelate with her, for those who and achieves the right to be consumed in the presence of a singer. Lyudina saw on her own in the laws of natural light.

Dіyalnіst of people of common biology, social and spiritual and cultural day.

Otzhe, pid life The power of the people is not just a matter of living in the middle of life, as it is, but the process of balanced development and self-realization of the individual, a group of people, suspense in general, people in the single life of life.

Well also “I’m safe? Even more often it is possible to create a safety net like "such a camp would be an object, for which I will not block a safety net" . But if we cannot be satisfied, the splinters are also reasonable, they are not safe, but they are not safe for the daytime, so that you can characterize the ideal situation, in the case of a lack of baking, but it doesn’t matter.

Safety is more beautiful because it is a standard of performance, with such a singing character, it is not safe to show that it is not safe, or at all times, the possibility of realizing a superficial situation.

not safe- the power of living and inanimate matter is negative,
Zdatne zavdavat Shkodi of the same mother: people, the natural environment,
material values.

not safe- the mindset of the situation, which is to be found in the midst of the city, and to lead to unreasonable energy gains, as it can serve as the cause of material breakdowns, injuries or damage.

State Standard of Ukraine 2293-99 is the meaning of the term "bezpeka" yak stan of abduction of an individual and suspension of the rizik applied by shkodi .

For folding technical systems, and more for people rizik- the whole category, as there is a great number of individual signs and characteristics, and mathematically precisely, in terms of the significance of it, it is superbly foldable, and sometimes it is unwise. In such vipadkas risik can be evaluations deprived of an expert evaluation. That will be guided by another one, they are safe, as we will be victorious.

Bezpeka - not balanced, according to expert assessments, the camp of the people, society, power, natural, anthropogenic systems are too

Bezpeka people - it is not a warehouse characteristic of the strategic development of people, as the UN is designated as "the layers of development of people." Development, as we know, is not just to the economic, but to the social, cultural, spiritual development, the spirit of humanization to the mentality of the community and to the creation of positive public opinion.

Bezpeka zhittєdіyalnosti (BJD) - the whole area of ​​knowledge and scientific-practical activity, focused on the formation of safety and the preservation of non-safety by the way of living in the backward laws of the knowledge of the problems of power, inheritance in the middle of life, on the basis of people's health

It is not safe for people to create appearances, processes, ob'ykti, power, create for singing minds the health of people and the life of people, or systems, so that they can make people live.

Lyudin's skin is not safe in an intuitive and reasonable way. As a matter of fact, with the news of UN experts, most of the people in the world are concerned about everyday problems and everyday troubles, and not start them on the frightened of global catastrophes and international conflicts. Tom, zajist zhitl, working mіstsya, dobrobutu, health, naukolishnogo middle-class - the main problem of the safe self-esteem of people . If you are not safe, there is also a very individual view, which is the main rank of the following:

A) the level of social and spiritual development of specialness;

B) I will arrange a situation and a suspicious one, which positively and negatively infuse into the perception of a hulk.

When identifying, it is not safe to use the principle of "pouring everything into everything", so that dzherel not safe can be all alive and non-living, and to the contrary, everything can be alive and non-living.

1. 
   Classification of dzherel not safe, not safe and high-quality factors.

dzherelami (noses) not safeє natural processes and phenomena, elements of the man-made middle-class, human activities, which are not safe for them. People who are not indifferent to live in the open and for hours and to be realized in the viglyad energy streams, speeches and information... They are not safe to pour without any vibration, tobto for the whole navkolishnє center... The reasons, through which they do not suffer from the singers, do not suffer more, but only less, because of the power of the objects themselves (the butt: kulya drives the creatures of people, but does not break through the stone).

Nomenclature, that is, E. A change of young people who are not safe, I have over 150 new names and do not get involved again and again. For the analysis, publicity and distribution of visits to collect negative inheritances, there is a need for such classification.

Learn about the development of the classification system - for the dzherels of walking, localization, inheritance, production, spheres of manifestation, etc. Naybilsh into the distance to get involved the classification of the lifestyle of the people behind the dzherels, It is worth noting that all those who are not safe are subscribed to the chotiri groups: natural, Technogenic, social and politicalcombined. The fourth group is divided into three subgroups: natural-technogenic, natural-social and social-technogenic are not safe, Dzherelami yakikh є combination new elements living middle ground.

The number of classifications may be based on the classification of supervised situations, approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine from 15. 07. 98 r No.

In addition, with such a classification, it is good to use the classification of not safe and awkward virobny factors, GOST 12.0.003-74 has been established.

naturalnot safe- tse natural objects, manifestations of nature and spontaneous dashing, which pose a threat to the life and health of people (Earthlings, zsuvi, selі, volcanoes, povenі, snow avalanches, storms, hurricanes, zlivi, hail, fogs, ozeledі, bliskavki, asteroids, sleepyheads and space vipromіnuvannya, not safe tanks of dewlines, comrades, mushrooms, Infectious ailments tvarin і roslin).

Technogenic problems- tse, persh for all the troubles, tied to the victories of electrical energy, chemic speeches, new species viprominuvannya (ionizing, electro-magnetic, acoustic), transport means, combustible, easy-to-use, vibration-free words and materials, processes, which are driven at changing temperatures and transport low

Dzherels of technogenic problems are all those who are not safe, tied in injected onto the people of the objects of the material and cultural middle. For example, the Bull'er breed of dogs is not safe for people, but for their master, in the case of all laboratories of bacteria, as well as organisms, established by methods of genetic engineering .

Before social security workers vіdnesenі not bezpekami, viklikanі low spiritual and cultural rіvn of people. Tse such appearances, such as vagrancy, prostitution, piyatstvo, alcoholism, malignity, courtesy tyutyunu, recklessness, etc.

The motivators of the tsikh are not bezbezpek є also the filthy material encampment; disgusting living, revolutions, Conflict Situations on international, ethnic, racial chi religious runt.

Before for politicians to deal with conflicts on international and international relations, spiritually rottenness, political terrorism, Іdeological, interparty, interconfessions and conflicts, conflicts. Ale big dzherel nebezpek mayut Combinations character:

- natural and technogenic problems - greenhouse effect, destruction of the ozone screen, zmіg, acid boards, sawburns,
a change in the efficiency of soils, a change in the appearance of a hedgehog and an appearance, due to human activity;

- natural and social problems - chimera (degenerated) ethnicity, drug addiction, epidemics and pandemics of infectious diseases, venereal disease (disease, which is transmitted by a state noble), SNID (VIL) and іn.;

- social and technogenic people who are not safe - . professional incapacity, traumatism, mental health problems and diseases, mental health problems, mental health problems, mental health problems

However, the appearance of dzherel is not safe yet does not mean that people of a group of people are bound to be responsible for the application of beats, or for some reason. A specific hostile factor can be brought up.

hostilefactor – tse factor of the living environment, which is for singing minds is a shkodi, as for people, as well as for life-safety systems, for a material shkodi.

For the similarities of the hostile factor, the following can be attributed to:

- physical, including energy (Shock povitryana chi water hvilya, electromagnetne, acoustically, ionizing viprominuvannya, ob'єkti, as it collapses with a great shvidkistu or may cause high temperature too little);

- chemistry(Chemistry elements, speeches and spoluks, which negatively infuse human organisms, fauna and flora, wick out corrosion, bring about ruinous objects of the living environment);

- biology(Creatures, roslini, microorganisms);

- social (Zbudzheniyatovp people);

-psychophysiological(Physical re-entanglement - static and dynamic; monotony of pratsi, emotional re-entanglement) .

The legacy of the influx of specific hostile factors on the organism of people and the smell of shkіdlivііnot safe.

shkіdlivі – etofactories of the living environment, which is to bring self-esteem to the point of destruction, to the decline of praise, to become ill and to death as a legacy of ill-health.

not safe – bureaucrats of the living middle class, who lead to injuries, opikiv, frostbite, and those who suffer from the body, or some other organs and survive to the death of rape.

Such a set of hostile factors would be effective to defend themselves in the defense of the organization and organization of research, in the field of unrepentant vapors and professional ills, in the field of robots, direct to the rosette, in the case of the originator.

per nature and naturein flux All non-safe and high-quality factories are subdivided into: physical, chemical, biologicalpsycho- physiological.

The distribution to the dzherelo is not safe, the situation is not safe and the factor is not safe to be carried out from the factory and the first for all the systems "Ludina - lifeSereda", Yaka look out. For example, if for one specific individual or a group of people a hostile official є fragments from a vibuhu bomb; Falling bombs (bombing) is not a safe situation, and then, because of how well it is bombed, it is not safe. For the land of the country, the region, in which there are boyovі dії, By the insecure factor є the bomb; appearing lіtakіv, like carry bombs - tse the situation is not safe, And the dzherel is not safe є vіyna.

Some of them could not be safe, they could create not safe situations, but the rest could lead to dangerous factors (a gas stove is a threat to a detachment, a fire and a vibuhu).

Happy life in the middle, go to the butova, so good to the dzherel nebezpek - tse and the electric grid and the electrical equipment, the water supply system, medications, cut and possibly unsafe speeches, balconies, which are necessary for hanging triad « dzherelo is not safe - the reason (umova) -not safesituation ".

Nebezpeka, as a rule, manifests itself in the vastness of the area, which I will name not safezone.

Naybilsh is not a safe situation for people and women with such
minds: not bezpeka really іsnu; people are in the zone of care; a man is not sufficient for a victor, not for a vicious one, for a reason to be ineffective.

Box 1.2. Lecture 3. systemicanalysis from a non-specialist

life
plan

2. The system "Lyudin - life in the middle" and the component.

3.Rivni of the system "Lyudin - life in the middle".

1. System-structural pidhid and system analysis - methodological basis of safety of life.
Bezpeka zhitєdіyalnosti as a rule new galuz of science, as established on the stick of natural, humanitarian and technical sciences, vicarist methods of cych sciences, water-based development of his own powerful methods. The complex nature of the Belarusian Railways is a vikorystannya complex of methods of the first sciences.

In nature and suspensions around the environment, there is no smell in any one of them, the stench of interconnection and mutual exchange. So, if we need to explain, whether it’s a manifestation, then the persh for all the next razkriti reasons, how to create yogo.

bummethodological principleBJDє system-structural pidhid, and method, Yakiy vikoristovutsya in niy, - systemicanalysis. systemicanalysis- the cost of methodological tasks, which are used for preparation and priming of solutions folding food, Ikі іsnuyut or to be found in the systems. pid system there is a reason for the success of interconnected elements, such as interchange with oneself, in such a rank, that the singing result (meta) can be achieved.

pid elements(warehouse parts) The systems of intelligence are not just material objects, but rather, the links between the objects. Be-yake pristіy є with a butt technical systems, but roslini, creatures or lyudin - butt biological systems. Be-like a group of people chi kollektivi - spіlnoti - є social systems.

The system, one of the elements of which is lyudin, is called ergotic. By the attachments of ergic systems є systems: "ludina - natural middle-class", "lude-machine", "lude-machine - navkolishnє middle-class", etc.

The systems may have such power, which are not and cannot be at the elements, which are stored. The price of the power of systems is to be called emergent,і lie in the foundation system analysis.

Meta abo result, which reachє system, be up systemicelement.

Whether it is a system є a warehouse part of an іншої system, or to be included in the іnshu system as a її element. On the other side, around the elements of any system, you can see how around the self-contained system.

system, yaka vivchaєtsya in safety of life, є system "lyudin - life of the middle."

systemicanalysis of healthy life- the whole methodology, as vikoristovuyutsya for viznachennya problems, as vynikayut in the system "people - life of the middle", for the same component warehouse, and injected into self-esteem, health and life of people.

Also, in case of pre-existing problems of the safety of the life of one people, or a group of people, it is necessary to be able to live without revision of ecological, economic, technological, social, organizational and other components of the system, to enter them. Kozhen s cikh elements must be connected together. The stench is injected on the rivn of life, health, goodness of people, social relations. At the same hour, it’s about life, health, goodness of people, social people, it’s mine to lay down the camp of spiritual and material culture, character and pace of development of the rest.

A material cultureє a time element of a living middle ground, which is without a middle inflow yak for navkolishnє natural middle ground, So and on the very lyudin.

Out of bounds, systemic and structural pidhid in the system "lyudin - life of the middle" є not only the main development of the theoretical foundations of the Belarusian Railways, but the first for all the important work in the hands of the cores and faults in health minds of life of people.

System analysis of safety, as a method of advancement, formulated in the end of the 50s of the XX century.

Bezpeka systems- the whole science, as vikorystov іngineering and management principle for securing the necessary safety, in the time-consuming development of the riskier, in the control of the ciches, in order to ensure the necessary safety, in the time-consuming development of the riskier, in the control of the ciches, in the course of the life-cycle, in the efficient cycling

The concept of safety systems is superior to Vikoristan in rocket shipments for the 40s of the XX century. Nadal Vona was seen in the field of discipline and was the leading rank in rocket-sounding, aviation and aerospace systems . In the 40s, constructors and engineering in the development of unbaked constructions were based on the method of tests and grants. . Such a pidhіd vypravdovuvav itself in an hour, since the systems and constructions are simple. However, in an hour, the systems became more and more foldable, and the speed and maneuverability of the lithuanians grew, the number of significant inheritance of the emergency systems grew, or the same for the storage parts. Such factories have led to the victory system engineering, Z yakogo potim, in kintzі kіntsіv, vinikla concept of safety systems.

Programs, broken down a collection of vіyskovy and experts from the nutrition of cosmonautics, in an hour we will adapt to vikorstannya in the industry in such galuzy as: nuclear energy, naphtorerobka, transporting vantage, chemistry, and industrial

However, vimogues before the control of safety (letters and physical) were importantly introduced if there was an accident, for that, as there was a distant transmission of the power and control, and the need for such a possibility. From the same time, two methods were used.

first method- the establishment of the rules of safety, for that, as a non-happy vipadok or an accident became, other method- modeling of a flexible emergency and for the benefit of other monitoring operations, regulation, etc., by the same method, which is a vicious factor in the field of safety of systems, as well as analyzing and using technology for design.

There, indeed, there is a concept of safety of systems of viperryє on the basis of possible incidents, and for the sake of reason, it is possible to magnetize the risk of success in the process of vzgalі. With the emergence of safety systems yak science, the method of securing safety and reliability of systems has been re-created into method of guaranteeing the safety of systems, Yaky names "viznachennya, analiz i usunennya" . The whole method can be successfully victorious for the further development of any systems "ludin - life in the middle."

In the capacity of a successful stay in the remaining method, you can call in, as you have been prompted by the countries of the European sports industry for the great avaria in Seveso (Italy). According to the Seveso Directives, all the new ones are guilty of the mother's accuracy.

BJD vivchaє to lyudin and navkolishnє yogo middle-class itself in the system “ludina - life middle-class”, in yak lyudin є dzherel activity, straightened on the object - the life of the middle. Pose between the central systems of lyudin є about the introduction of anthropology, medicine, psychology, sociology bagatioh of the sciences.

2. The system "Lyudin - life in the middle" and the component
The system "lyudin - life in the middle" є a folding system, as a rule, it includes a great number of winter indicators, including some very rich sounds. Tom mathematical processing Danih and visnovok of universal laws will be even more foldable. The folding of the systems "Lyudin - life in the middle" ringingі may be rich in temperamental authorities.

Lyudinє one of the elements - a sub'ct of the designated system, in which the term “lyudin” is not only one thing, an individual, but the first group of people, a collective, a settlement, a region, a country, a suspension of people. Lyudin is looking like a self-directed development of the suspension.

lifeSereda- another element of the system "lyudin - life of the middle", її ob'єkt. The life of the middle is a part of the All-Holy and the Light, if there is a chance to Narazi lyudin and function of the system and life for safety. Life in the middle of the people stock uptriokhcomponents - natural, social, or social-political, and technogenic middle ground:

1) naturalSereda(Lyudin is found in otochennі groundіv, povіtrya, vodi, roslin, tvarin, sontsya, mіsyatsya, planets, etc.). It was formed independently of the will of the people and my own laws of development, which are infused with the singing rank on the people;

2) social, socially-politicalSereda(form foreign activity people, the same way of life). Lyudin will feel about the people, the political systems, the interest, the business, the non-rational and the іn.; 3) technogenicSereda(Livelihood, transport, knowledge of practice, industrial and energy facilities, livestock, domestic creatures, silskogospodarski roslini tosho). Made by the people themselves for the satisfaction of vlast needs, for the rakhunok of nature. The middle course is antagonistic one hundred percent to natural.

technogenicmid, as a rule, addon pobutovu i virobnichu.

PobutovaSereda- the middle of the living of the people, how to take revenge on the supremacy of living rooms, with sports and cultural significance, as well as community-based organizations and establishments. The parameters of the central middle є the size of the occupied living space in the size of one person, the steps of electricity, gasification of the living, the manifestation of centralized scorching, the appearance of cold and hot, thunderous drive, the growth of the development of

virobnichSereda- the center of the middle, in which people do their work. Take revenge on the complex of enterprises, organizing, installing, using transport, communal services .. The price type of product, how to play on new, obscenities, number of workers, productivity of robotics, energy efficiency, syrovin base, how many parameters are available and so on. witherrobotsі її I am safe: gas-freeness, filthiness, illumination of workmanship, level of acoustic hands-on, vibrations, ionizing radioactivity, electromagnetically-magnetic vipprominuvannya, pozhezhno-that vibelessness of the feet, unbelievable psychological class and a lot of them.

I will look at those who are one and the same person can be constantly known both in one, and in the same middle, be it in the system of "people - life in the middle,"

The parameters of the per-bit middle are regulated by the state sanitary-hygienic normative documents, which are established by the state or microorganisms rule that protect your health. These parameters are adopted by special services and by the people themselves, who live in the region.

The parameters of the vicarious middle are regulated by the sovereign normative acts for the protection of the workers and the normative acts for the protection of the legal entities of the enterprises, the reason for them to rely on the authorities of the enterprises, for the purpose of establishing them.

Allegedly, in the flow of quiet factors, persh for all the natural abyssal character, the parameters of the living middle can go beyond the established norms, and that the threat is not only to health, but to the life of people.

As a rule, we cannot name the butt of the surrounding skin component from the named food components of the living middle - natural, social or technogenic. Leather from the components of the living middle of the relationship with the people and people, or social spirits, is also the result of this complex action.

3.Rivni system "Lyudina - life of the middle"
The sub'ctom of the system "lyudin - life in the middle" can be like a lyudin, so be it a spirit, a member of what a lyudin is. Social spirits, in their own capacity, can be storage parts of their spilnots, and that, in their own ranks, can be part of even larger social structures. You can talk about the singing hierarchy of social spirits. In some cases, the tsya of the architecture is strictly designated and regulated, for example: order, in various kinds of viral structures and in the army. In the last vaping won іsnu, unaffected by the presence of such regulations. Sem'ya or two students, who live at once in a gurtozhitku, - tse microcollective, which is to lay down to a large collective - the residents of the boudinka (gurtozhitka). Mikrokollektivi are included in the most high level of spilot - macrocollections(The microdistrict of the city, the population of the city, the region, the land, the continent, vreshti-resht, people).

Otzhe, you can talk about the level of the system "Lyudin - the life of the middle" with one people, the family, the inhabitants of the zhytlovo booth, the microdistrict, the settlement too

For people around the world, if we are talking about the system "Lyudin - life in the middle" with the same people, all the people and whether they are spirits or elements of the living middle, but the very social center.

For the global system "lyudina - life center" all people є are elements of the spirit of the people of the world, and the life of the middle is based on the natural (Earth) and space I will leave, as well as the technogenic middle ground, created by people for the entire history of this year.

For systems of any kind, it is always necessary to value, like people and spirits and internal warehouses, for which the system "people - living middle-class" is to be seen, and from the middle elements of social

The system analysis is based oneagerness, so that the building of mother systems of such power, which is not possible and cannot be in the elements that are stored . Emergence lured by social spirits. The social spirit of whether it’s a level of power, it’s lured away from you, as well as that, which is in the presence of an unreliable world at the level of spirituality. It is necessary to clearly understand, memory and vicariousness in the case of specific enterprises without living standards.

Box 1.3. Lecture 4. Rizik yak otsinka nebezpeki
plan

1. Zagalna otsinkaі characteristics of insecurity.

2. Assessment of the rizik are not safe.

3. The concept of acceptable (acceptable) risk.

4. Rizik management.

5. good analysis not safe.

Topic 1. Theoretical foundations of safety of life

1. Viznachennya, zm_st, meta and vdannya vivchennya to the course of the Belarusian Railways.

Functioning of the system "lyudin - machine - production

naya middle ".

4 Non-safety and high-tech factories, protection of enterprises and

technology of safety.

5. Changes in the environmental situation, such as supervising scientifically

technical progress.

1 Viznachennya, zm_st, meta and vdannya vivchennya to the course of the Belarusian Railways.

Bezpeka zhittadіyalnosti (BZhD) is a complex science, which vivches the behavior of people in not unbearable minds. These can be influenced by pro-juvenile, social and natural factors. Negative factors created by these factors can be the cause of injuries, ailments, and severe and fatal diseases.

By vivchennya to the course of the Belarusian Railways є theoretical and practical preparation for infinite behavior in superstitious, extreme and potential but not infallible minds.

To the head of the training course є to learn how to correctly fix the knowledge in practice to ensure the safety of workers, before the prevention of traumatism, professional problems, unhappy situations and situations.

2. It is important to understand the problems and risers.

Basically, the understanding in the Belarusian Railways is not safe. The power of all systems that may be active physical, chemical and biological components, as in the singing minds can make a healthy people. People who are not safe can have a clear and haunted (potential) character, which manifests itself in singing minds.

For hiking, they are not safe: natural, technogenic, anthropogenic, ecologic, social and biological. For an hour, the manifestation of negative inheritances grows into impulsive (occurring at once) and cumulative (subdued before accumulation).

Assessing the step of insecurity є risik - the frequency of implementation of insecurity. For a good assessment of the risk of viciousness, the increase in the number of unfavorable inheritances up to the junior number for the singing period. The part of the minds of living, how to turn on the risky, є unrealistic to the employees, that, in practice, vikoristovuyut the concept of acceptable (permissible) risik, which is a compromise between the advantages of safety and possibilities.

3. Functions of the system "lyudina - machine - virobnichikh-va

The labor process in silskogospodarskiy virobniztvі is realized with the sis-theme of Lyudin - Machine - Virobniche sredovishche (CHMPS).

A machine is called a sukupn_st of technical means, as well as a vicarious human being in the process of one's own activity. The operator is in control of the machine. One of the minds of the normal functioning of the CHMPS system is security, as there is a need for an overload of elements to enter the system. At the same time, there is a role to play with the human factor.

The need for the power of the people (operator) - the need for the lack of money to do their job with the given minds. At the same time, the main significance is the psychophysiological mobility of people. Stijkosti-s- function human body it is enveloped by the manifestation of homeostasis - an unmistakable dynamic endurance of the power of the inner middle of the body with significant changes of callous minds. In case of viral problems, there is a necessary field of psychological characteristics of people, the interconnection of their adaptability, changes in physiological functions, show the power of erroneous activities. The need for the operator to stay also in his professional training, the level of attention to technological discipline, as well as individual features Behavior of people in an unfriendly ecological situation. The important officials of the stikosti are the psychology of the mind, amazed by the peculiarities of the psyche of the individual and the information-sense of the mind, due to the fact that they are able to quickly analyze the information and accept the process.

The safe function of the "machine" element is established in the form of constructs, as a result of the development, exploitation of higher education institutions and me-hanism, the manifestation of built-in additions and systems of active security.

The virobniche middle-class is the center of space, in which one can see the pro-virobnichy activity of the people. It is characterized by a number of parameters that have been found for people є sanitary-hygienic parameters (lighting, temperature, filthiness, quality of food), for a machine - physical parameters.

4. Non-safety and high schools, virobnichi factories, labor protection

When developing methods, it’s possible to make sure that you are safe in the state-of-the-art technology, go through the analysis of the situation, as there can be a win in the system of the ChMZhS, in the manifestation of some non-safe and extravagant factors.

It is not unbeatable є a rogue factor, which injected into the work can lead to a drastic loss of life, injury, legal result

Shkіdlivim є a rogue factor, injecting into work to bring about a decline or a decrease in prasezdatnostі.

Protection of pratsi - tse system of securing safety of life and health of workers in the process labor activity, Including legal, organizational-technical-technical and legal-prophylactic come in.

Technics of safety - a whole system of organizing visits and quiet situations, so that they can add fuel to the most efficient and sophisticated software factors.

5. Changes in the environmental situation, such as supervising naukovo

technical progress.

As a result of the active re-creative activity of the people, a new type of living center is given - the technosphere. With the opening of the technosphere, the cholo-vіk pragne until the comfort of living is increased, the safety of the guests from the most recent natural infusions. With a whole technosphere mind, order with positive, positive and negative influx on the people and the natural middle ground. The complex of negative bureaucrats tied to the branches and the development of the technosphere includes:

chemistry - advancing in the place of shkidlivy chemistry words in food, water, runt, food products;

physical (parametric) disturbance - change of physical parameters of the middle of living (temperature adjustment, noise level, radio and electromagnetic background);

biologic zabrudnennya - growing in the place of ailing microorganisms, growing sickness, the emergence of new insecure infections;

Negative social and psychological factors, amalgamated with social and informational stress, leading to the development of psychosomatic illnesses, malignancy, drug addiction, suicides.

Topic 2. Supervised situations

Classification of the National Assembly.

Technogenic NS.

Ecological NS.

Natural NS.

Masovi ailing.

Prediction of parameters in NS in case of accidents on chemistry

not without them ob'єktah.

Prediction of the parameters of the NS during burns.

Prediction of the parameters in the NS with vibuchs.

Lіkvіdatsіya inheritance ns.

1. Classification of the National Assembly

The overwhelming situation is the whole situation, which has developed in the singing territory as a result of a spontaneous dashing or a technogenic catastrophe, which has called for material losses, human victims and the ruin of the life of the population.

Supervised situations are classified for the following signs:

A. Sferi Viniknennya

B. Household accessories

B. the scale of young heritage

For the sphere of determination of supervised situations, they are subdivided into quiet, natural and ecologic ones.

The technogenic nature of the NS is caused by viral accidents and disasters.

Avaria is an extreme approach of a technogenic prodigy, which caused a wickedness behind itself, a loss of technical annexes and a threat to the life of people.

A catastrophe is a tide of tragic legacies, a great accident,

she called people to the end.

The visibility of the visa begins with this galuzzi of folk art, in which the National Assembly was given:

A. Budivnistvo

B. Industry

V. Communal-by-point government (water-supply and canalization systems, gas, heat, electric circuit).

D. Transport (winter, automobile, traffic, water,

pipeline).

D. Silske and Lisian Gentleness.

The scale of the National Assembly expands to local, medium, territorial, regional, federal and transcordon. In the basis of such a division of the National Assembly, an assessment of the number of victims, the number of people with damaged living conditions and the size of material assets is laid.

Local NS do not go outside the territory of the object.

Mistsev NS do not go beyond the boundaries of a locality, place, or district.

Territorial NS do not go beyond the boundaries of the sub'єkta of the Russian Federation.

Regional NS hunt for the territory of two sub'ekts of the Russian Federation.

Federal NS go beyond the boundaries of two sub'units of the Russian Federation.

Transcordon NS go beyond the borders of the Russian Federation, or the National Assembly has spilled beyond the cordon and is embarrassing the territory of the Russian Federation.

2. Technogenic NS.

Super-specific situations of the technogenic character of the developmental reasons for the reasons for their determination and the scale. According to the ob'єktah, they are subdivided into 6 groups:

Accidents at chemically unsafe facilities (HOO) create a zone of hі-cheskogo obstruction with highly toxic toxic speech, not safe for the living of people, creatures and roslin.

Emergencies on radio-insecure facilities (ROO) connected with wikids-soms of radioactive speeches and ionizing vip-promises for the transfer of the project in several parts, but to rewrite the established standards for non-referencing Life - not more than 70 Sv, for the workers of the ROO, the effective dose is not more than 20 mSv, for the period of labor activity - not more than 1 Sv).

Avars on pozhezho-and vibuhone-unsafe objects - enterprises occupied by virobnitstv, zberigans and reprocessing pozhezho - and vibuhone-unsafe speech (naphtha and naphtha products, naphtha-naphtha synthesis). All types of software are divided into 6 categories of non-safety: A, B, C, D, D, E - (vibration-free software).

Accidents on hydrodynamic non-safety objects (MGO) - with equipment-pahs, for natural solutions, which open the growth of water (upper and lower b'of), connected with solutions for suppressants,

Accidents on the railroad transport can go through the gangway of the crumpled warehouse from racks, zitknen, going on transfers, burning and vibrating in wagons. Avars on motor vehicles, tied to the PDR, pick up 30 yew in the Russian Federation. Cholovik. The mortality rate from road accidents in the Russian Federation is 10-15 times higher, lower in the whole world. Aviation emergencies, unaffected by the experience, come in, no matter what, often.

Accidents on communal-power supply fences amazed in the first place due to the lack of prophylactic visits. With the traces of tsikh ava-riy, you can make the extreme minds of people alive.

3. ecological NS

Super-specific situations of ecological character are divided into 4 main groups:

Land change - intensive soil degradation as a result of anthropogenic activity, including the processes of erosion, supported by the changes of soil flora and fauna, decreased fertility, deserted lands.

The change in the power of the rotten middle is the obstruction of the atmosphere with gases and aerosols in concentrations, and to spur negative influx on living organisms. The main zabrudnyuvachami є SOG, nitrogen oxide, sirki, methane, in carbohydrates. Not unbearable zabrudnyuchami є fluorochloro-water - freoni, to run the ozone ball. On the planet, there is a shortage of sourness and the concentration of C02 is increasing, which leads to global changes in the climate.

The wake of the hydrosphere is tied to active water supplies for industrial and communal needs, surrounded by non-purified water waste waters, Obrudnennye waters of the Svitovoy ocean with naphtha and naphtha products for an hour, vidbutku and transport naphtha.

Zmіna stan biospheri rotate in the fast area obi-bathtvarin and roslin, degradation natural ecosystems, The speed of species versatility of the biosphere, which leads to a decrease in the strength and degradation. Biosphere disasters linked to wikids in the midst of high-toxic species, the most important ones, such as dioxins, important metals, radionuclides.

4. Natural NS.

Super-specific situations of natural character (spontaneous dashing), in the rest of the rock may tend to grow up, grow into 5 groups:

Geological - volcanism, suv, mud, avalanches, earthquakes (estimated at 12 points on the Richter scale).

Meteorological - hurricanes, storms, snowstorms, tornadoes.

The hurricane is a great ruinous force, at the same time the speed is 32 m / s and more (12 points for the Beaufort scale), with a storm the speed is not the same (15-20 m / s).

3. Hydrological - poveni, jam - buying ice in the mainstream,
bridging the flow of the rychka, jam - the purchase chubby iceі snіgu, na-
drive - pidyom rivnya vodi, viklikaniy in pouring vіtru.

Tsunami - hard-hitting hurts, as a result of underwater earth-earthquakes, volcanoes and sunbursts on the sea bottom. Їх power to assess for a 5-point scale.

3. Natural fire (lisov, peat, stepov) - to make a great shkodi, to nourish flora and fauna, to be guided by human victims. Behind the step, the winners are not safe for all the lisovs of the podrozdilami-yut on 5 classes.

Masovi ailing.

1 Massive infection of people - epidemic - tse sh-

A large expansion of ailments, meaningfully changing the middle regi-structured on the date of the territory of an affliction.

Pandemic - Epidemic, which I am hunting for the region, continents and all earthly kulu... Particularly not safe fell ill - plague, cholera, typhus, diphtheria, viral hepatitis, SNID, flu.

Massive infection of creatures is epizootic. Pan-zoot - vishy step epizooty. Especially not uncomfortable sickness of tvarin є foot and mouth disease, spinal encephalopathy of VRH, swine fever, pseudo-plague of birds, Siberian virazka, tuberculosis of VRH.

Massive expansion of infectious diseases of roslin-epiphytomy and panphytosis. Naybіlsh not without a bunch of roslin є fusarosis and іrzha of cereals, phytofluorosis of cartopeloid, boroshy dew. Nay-bolsh not without good schoolchildren roslin є Siberian and pine silk-sheaths, Colorado beetle, Misha-podibnі gryzuni. Generally, the consumption of agricultural products from the schools and the growth of roselin ailments in the amount of 10-12 million tons of grain units. The cycle of development of illnesses and growth of the number of schoolchildren of the Roslin is more likely to be rotated. The main reason for the widespread incidence of ailments і shkіdnikіv roslin є friendly meteo-umovi.

6. Forecasting the parameters of the NS in case of accidents on chemically important objects.

Methods for predicting the parameters of the NN are developed for typical scenarios of accidents on non-secure computer objects. For the NS, the natural character of the natural character of the forecast of seismic conditions, volcanism, parameters of the breakthrough.

For possible accidents at HOO, the main criterion is the level of the average lethal dose of accidentally chemically insecure rechovins (AOKhV).

In case of accidents at HOO, hitting people cheeky words from-to-walk in the main with inhaled obstructed fever (ingalyation), with AOXV on the shkira (shkirno-resorptive), when implanted in the rye of rejected products and water (oral). The stage and nature of the deterioration of the life of people when injected with AOXV lie in the form of their toxicity, concentration in the food, triviality in the water, the way of penetrating the novelty into the body.

There are three levels of damage to people (toxic effects):

I will become uncomfortable, when the cob appears, show toxic defect (threshold of efficacy),

The camp does not allow the execution of functions and responsibilities (the effect of making a difference),

3. Become fatal (lethal effect). Doses of AOKhV, penetrating into the organism and viklikayut toxic effect is called toxodosis. Rise in accordance with the threshold, which is to lead to a healthy and lethal toxicosis (average and absolute).

The middle threshold of toxic dose inhalation is a criterion for a certain number of cordons in the NS zones. Between the zones of the NS, when predicting an accident at a HOO, the insurance should be based on the number of AOKhV, so that you can switch to the underwater chapel in the first place, the relief of misconception, planning to forget and the possibility of learning the secondary gloom.

7. Prediction of parameters in NS in case of burns

Pozhezha is an uncontrolled mine, which is the plant of material shkodi. There are three zones in the open space, in which the fire grows:

Thermal injection (to prevent deformation of alarm conditions),

Overdue.

Growth of internal (in primitive) and vidkriti - on gas and naphtha genera, as well as natural.

The main indicator of insecurity during fire is the hour, when the end of which is not safe for the life of people (the critical hour of evacuation). Razr_znyayut critical hour for indicators:

1. Temperature (not safe for people, the temperature is 60 "C. For an hour or two)

Unsafe concentration of toxic products in the area (the rate of expansion of products in the area along the corridors is close to 30 m / min).

At a loss of visibility (dimming).

In case of a critical fire by the head official, the expansion of the fire is widened, and it breaks down when the HC is predicted, є the intensity of the exchanged heat exchange between the half of the torch and the material.

8. Forecasting the parameters of the NS with vibuchs.

Vibuch is a bistroprocessing process of physical and chemical pre-wrapping of speech, which supervises the development of a great amount of energy. In vibukhovy speech, energy is stored in the energy of chemical sounds. As a result of the innovative inflow (impact, heating), the energy is seen in the view of the heat and kinetic energy of the products in the vibuh-chatting transformation. Vibukhone-safe є also gas and steam-air sums and pilots. Vibuchs were pummeled by physical processes, tied in a wrinkle and squeezed or scraped gases.

When assessing the hostile factors of the NS with vibrations by the head, the value of the excess vise on the front and the triviality of the phase of clamping, as well as the height of the center of the vibration over the surface of the earth and up to the epicenter (pro-projection of the center of the vibration to the surface).

9. Lіkvіdatsіya inheritance NS.

Lіkvіdatsіya NS іsnіu by forces і by means of enterprises and organizations, organіv of mice samovryvannya, organіv іvіkonavchoі vіdіvu sub'єktyv RF, as well as pіdrozdіlіv MNS. Poshukovo-ryatuvalny service of the Ministry of Taxes and Tax Collection includes 9 regional and 39 territorial centers, which combine 122 shuko-ryatuvalny corrals.

Lіkvіdatsіya NS transmissionє carrying out of the same non-inconspicuous robots (SDNR), which include:

Development of the middle of the battle;

Localization and extinguishing fire, ryatuvannya people from burning wakes

Roztin the heaped sporud, the knight from the heaps of the victims;

Evacuation of the population from zones of possible catastrophic impact (flooding, radioactivity);

Sanitary obrobka of people, not contaminated with transport;

Non-emergency emergency - single-handed robots on industrial facilities and utility-power lines.

Topic 3. Analysis and Prevention of Injury. control i

management-nya bezpekoyu pratsі

Control and management of baked goods.

Causes of viral traumatism.

Methods for the analysis of viral traumatism.

Classification of traumatism.

The procedure for registering that domain of non-happy vipadk_v on virobnistv_.

Virobnichi instructions.

1. Control and management of baked goods

State visibility and control over the implementation of legislation on the practice and in order to protect the rights at the enterprises independently from the formation of the property and order of the state of affairs of the Federal Inspection under the Federal Judicial Agency of the Russian Federation by inspectorates. The stinks are good at the interaction with the federal authorities (Derzhgirtekhnaglyad, Derzhenergonaglyad, Gossan-Epidnaglyad, Derzhatomnaglyad), the prosecutor's office and other authorities of the Viceroyalty of the State.

The enormous control over the safety of the work is done by the professional workers and the staff of the representatives of the organization, who can be used for the purposes of the government inspectorate.

Management of safety work includes preparation and implementation of measures aimed at ensuring safety, preserving health and welfare of people in the process of labor activity. Management of safe work at the enterprises of the vicon, and in the podrozdil-groin (workshops, services) - їkh kerіvniki. Coordination of activity at the enterprise is an engineer with protection of work.

2. Causes of viral traumatism

Razr_znyayut such causes of viral traumatism:

Technical - inadequacy of technological processes, constructive shortcomings in installation, lack of mechanization of important robots, inadequacy of external attachments, signaling systems and blocks-baths, defects in materials.

Organizatsiyynі - viznachayutsya rіvnem organizing pratsі. Before them, the violation of the rules of exploitation of the possession, the failure of technological regimes, the shortcomings in the new workers in the unhealthy methods and methods of work, the visibility of looking after the insecure robots, machines

Sanitary and hygienic reasons - changes in the school's code of words in different work zones, lack of or inadequate lighting, due to the lack of adequate noise

Psychophysiological reasons are physical and neuropsychiatric re-entanglement of working people, and how to develop in the same way. In addition, there can be a lot of monotony of practice, stressful situations, overworking of a healthy and auditory analyzer. Before injury, it is possible to bring about an inconsistency of the anatomical, physiological and mental characteristics of the human body and the character of the vicious robot.

3. Roztin heaped sporud, a knight from the heaps of those who suffered;

Indicators of viral traumatism vivchayut for help with the help of sneezing methods:

monographic - polyagaє in a detailed investigation of all circumstances of the unfortunate vipad.

ergonomic - polyagaє in the complex vivchennі system of people - machine - virobniche middle-class with the urahuvannya of anthropometric data of people.

economical - indications for the designation of the economic efficiency of traumatism and indications for the assessment of the economic efficiency of vitrate for the distribution and entry into the defense industry.

statistical method - based on the analysis of statistical data not to traumatism (acts of the form N-1 and the statistical sensitivity of the enterprise to forms N 7-T and 1 -T).

For the additional statistical method, the dynamism of viral traumatism is implanted for a number of rocks. With a lot of vikoristovuyutsya number of indicators: 1. Indicator of frequency of injuries: Pch = 1000 1 / R

de: T number of injuries per last period the second time is 1 day or more;

P is the average number of workers for the same period.

2. The indicator of the severity of traumatism characterizes the average progression of team-hour non-fertility: Pt = D / T,

de: D is the number of days of non-standardization of all those who have suffered for a regional period,

T1 is the total number of victims for the same period without damaging fatal and invalid results.

4. We have tolerated medical assistance;

Injuries, which dragged on the need to translate the foreman to work, for the time being, in any way, at the expense of great death, and

Stretching an hour of work on the territory of the enterprise, for her posture (including the interruption, before the ear or the end of the robot, turning on the robot in the fake hour, at the weekend and Christmas days.

When robots are passed to the mice, or from robots on the transport provided by the employer, or on special transport, under an agreement, or the robots are ordered about their victories for viral purposes.

When passed to the last moment, backward.

When you receive a teacher before participating in the liquidation of the inheritance of supervised situations.

If there is no need to enter into the work of the liaison of the foreman, do not go into the interests of the robot teacher, either directly to prevent an accident or an unfortunate accident.

The trauma is non-viral, which is attributed to virobnism, ale of suffering:

being in the camp of alcoholic food;

fixing counterfeit, criminal actions;

vikonuvav robots for special purposes without the consent of the employer;

4 taking part in sports games for an hour of everyday interruption.

The investigation of that oblivion as an unhappy vipad on virobnistvі doesn’t live-lives the death of the protégé as a result of zahvoryuvannya or suicide, pid-versed by the establishment of the protection of health and other organs.

Injuries are vvazhayutsya non-virobial, ale tied with virobnith-vom, as well as rejected:

when robotized to the start on a huge transport.

in case of pre-dating and in the process of making a visit to the huge equipment, knitted with virobnitstvom (for example, participation in sports competitions at the warehouse of the factory team).

3 at the vison of the obovations of the community of the community (additional help mil-

tsії, donation).

5. The procedure for examining non-happy vipads on virobnits.

The regulation on the investigation of that region of non-merciless problems on virobnits was approved by the Resolution of the RF Uryad N 279 dated March 11, 1999. take care of pіdpryєmnitskoy dіyalnіstyu without sanctification of a legal individual that vicoristovuyu to naiman pratsyu.

An eyewitness about a non-merciless skin problem is an eyewitness of a patient who has been contributing to a non-mediocre core of robots, such as goiters:

1.It is secretly organizing to help the victim and if necessary
deliver the yogo to the personal mortgage;

povidomiti roboticist about the unhappy vipadok;

in the presence of non-ad hoc visits to prevent the development of an emergency situation;

4.Preserve the situation at the time of arrival until the earliest
(I will not obstruct the life and health of these people and will not
avarii), in times of ill-health and safety - fix the situation
ku u viglyadі diagrams or photographs.

For the investigation of a non-hazardous one, a robotic giver of the state-of-the-art comic in a warehouse of at least 3 persons, including:

specials for protection of pratsi;

representative of the robot teacher;

a representative of a trade union or a representative of a professional organization.

Comic ocholyu, the robot-giver, or a person who is trusted with him. The warehouse of the committee is solidified by the order of the robot teacher. Kerіvnik, bezposrednіy-but vіdpovіdaє for the security of pratsi on the dіlyantsі, de becoming an unhappy vypadok, until the warehouse of the committee is not included.

The trauma, rectified by the forerunner, sent to the organization, the investigation of the comic, was shot by the robot manager, a non-merciless problem went to the screen. At the same time to the warehouse of the committee, a representative of the organization is included, who sent an official.

For the investigation of a group, important and deadly dangerous case, the committee also includes a state inspector from the protection of pratsi, a representative to the body of the viconious authority of the sub''ct of the Russian Federation, or to the organ of the muscular self-propeller (so for the representative), the representative At the tsikh vipadkah the commissary that hardened the warehouse is the robot owner, and the ophthalmous state inspector will protect the work.

On behalf of the victim (in the case of his death, his relatives), the fate of the person who is not happy may be the same.

Investigation of the circumstances and reasons for the unfortunate drop is carried out in a comic for 3 days, and for group, important and fatal - for 15 days.

In the process of investigating the Committee of the Visitors and the Opinions of the eyewitnesses, those who have violated the regulatory requirements for the protection of the work, for example, the necessary information from the robot-teacher and, if possible, to explain from the victim. When studying at the Committee's office, the robot-giver for the research of the power plants for organizing crops, without taking care of the registration, it is necessary to receive information and to receive training from the students for a variety of special-purpose lists.

6. The order of registration of the file of non-happy vipadk_v on virobnistv_.

The results of the investigation of the unhappy vypadku are visualized in the act of the form N-1, in which the reasons are formulated, as the unhappy vipadclicked and on the sword come to us. Acti N-1 is issued in two copies, signed by the members of the committee and approved by the robot manager. After being hardened, the first example is to go to the technical inspectors of the professional representative body at the enterprise, other, together with the other materials of investigation, are taken from the fahivtsi for protection. For the unhappy vipad, I became a forerunner, and in the direction of the organization, another example of act H-1 is drawn up, which is to be recruited into the whole organization. The results of the investigation of group misfortunes are made out by act N-1 okremo from the skin sufferer.

The robot-giver of crop knitting quarterly at the submission of acts N-1 says about the victims with unhappy drops for the form N 7-T and sending him to the territorial statistical control

7. Social insurance of non-happy vipadkiv on virobnistvі.

The Federal Law "On the Provision of Social Insurance in Respect of Numbers of Virus and Professional Disorders" Vіn vіnnacha the procedure for the education of the Shkodi, the life and health of the foreman when he fulfills the obligations under the employment contract.

It has been established by the law that the scope of additional assistance in terms of time-consuming non-standardness in conjunction with a non-merciless drop on virobability, for professional illnesses of a worker, is able to afford an average salary. The law of visa is a part of the payment insurance, which is paid by the end of the period of the professional loss of professionalism. The law also determines the size of a one-time insurance payment, which is calculated on a case-by-case basis until the stage of a professional payment for a 60-fold minimum amount of payment.

8. Virobnichi instructions.

Necessary mental admission of the foreman to the vikonannya professional-them ob'yazkiv є obov'yazkovy passages virobnicheskogo in-structure. Instruction in the fallowness from the viconuvanoi robot can be introductory, first on the working mission, repeated, pre-planned and central (ie-Kushchiy).

The introductory instruction should be carried out from the knowledge of those taken on the robot by the fachivets (engineer) from the protection of the work. The assistant to the instruction includes knowledge of the internal labor regulations and by the rules safe at enterprises. About the carrying out of the instruction and the transfer of knowledge, record in the log of the re-entry of the introductory instruction with a written note was instructed by those individuals, such as the instruction.

The first instruction on the working machine should be carried out with the knowledge accepted either by transferring it to your robot, individually or by a group of robots, if you see the same kind of robot. The first, repeated, pre-planned and basic instructions to carry out a non-prioritized robotic test. First instruction on the working field of the field in the knowledge of the instructions for protecting the work, breaking up for extremal professionals, for the kind of robots with a practical demonstration of safe solutions and methods in practice. For the initial instruction and revision of knowledge, after 2-5 minutes, all the robots will know to accept the robot from the visual independent robots It is possible to fix the record of the date and signature of the individual, as an instruction in the journal of the re-structure of the instruction on the working mission.

During the initial instruction, the staff members are not involved in the maintenance, repair and maintenance of the technological installation

3. Repeated instruction is carried out to reconsider and advise the level of knowledge, rules and instructions to protect the practice not more than once for 6 months. (For business professionals - 3 m / s). Repeated instruction is carried out according to the program of primary instruction individually or by group method.

During the re-instruction, individuals are heard from the first instruction.

4. Planned instruction is carried out in the community of the primary
ruktaja in offensive vipadka:

a / in case of changes in normative acts, protection of labor;

b / when changing the technological process, replacing or modernizing the installation;

in / on vimogu organs at a glance;

g / in case of damaged vimog, it is safe to practice, for some reason it has become an unhappy vipadok;

for interruptions in the robot for more than 30 days for robots, before any changes are presented in the form of safety and 60 days - for the rest of them robots.

About carrying out the first, repeated and pre-planned instruction, please, make an entry in the log of re-organization and instruction on the working mission with a signature, instructed by those individuals, such as instructions. When re-staging a preplanned toolkit, the reason for its implementation should be considered.

5. The general instruction is carried out by the foremen at the visitor of one-time robots, who are not connected to the main profession (registration of accidents), on which the admission order is issued. Fіksuєtsya tsei instruction is also in the order-admission.

Topic 4. legal basis safe pratsі

System of normative legal acts in the area of ​​Belarusian Railways.

Trudoviy contract.

Working hour mode.

4 The rights of the binding of the robot controller.

Rights and regulations of the official.

See the evidence for misdemeanors and law enforcement in the area of ​​protection of the law.

1. The system of normative legal acts in the area of ​​Belarusian Railways

The Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the Code of the Russian Federation "About Administrative Law Enforcement Officers", the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the Federal Law "About the Fundamentals of Protecting Rights in the Russian Federation" giants, the law of the Ukrainian RSR "On the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population", the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the Resolution of the RF Uryad N84 "About come in and complete the conditions and protect the work."

In addition, from the oblast, the entire regulatory and legal documentation has been expanded to include mizhgaluzev, galuzev and documentation of the division.

The system of regulatory legal acts from the Belarusian Railways includes:

1. state standards systems of standards of safety of pratsi (GOST SSBT);

Sanitary rules (SP) and sanitary standards (CH);

Standards and rules (SNiP),

Safety rules (PB);

Rules for Budovi and Safe Operation (PUBE);

Safety instructions (IB).

2. Trudoviy contract.

The Labor Code (Labor Code) of the Russian Federation establishes the sovereign guarantee of the right of the community to be friendly and helpful. The Code of Regulatory Work and Inspiration without a Better Relationship to them according to the organization of labor, material consideration of parties, visibility and control, transmission of labor disputes.

The legal basis for being a worker and a robot manager is a labor agreement. For the sake of pleasing both the robot-giver and the foreman, it seems that the robot-giver of the goiters should ask for the robot for training in labor functions, for the protection of the mind, transferred to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, in a timely manner and in the general communication salary... The worker of the goiter is responsible for the visitor's function, which is necessary for the job, taking the workers into the organization of the rules of the internal labor order.

Mind the employment contract, you can only change the sides of the letter form.

The labor contract can be accommodated for non-meaningful terms and for the time-duration of terms not more than 5 years, even though this term is not established by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

To get out of the vimagati from the official vikonannya roboti, not pummeled with a labor contract, behind the vignette of vipadks, transferred to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

3. Working hour mode.

The normal triviality of the working hour of workers at the enterprises of all forms of power cannot be overtaken for 40 years. For a day.

For those who work on robots with high-minded minds, the longevity of the working hour is not to blame for 36 years. For a day. At the same time, the triviality of the snake cannot be changed for 8 years. At 36 - working hours and 6 hours - at 30 years. The list of virobnists, workshops, professions and positions with high-minded minds, robots in which they give the right to a quick triviality of the working hour is solidified in order, established by legislation. A five-day or six-day working day will be established by the administrative department of the enterprise separately from the trade union committee on the basis of the specifics of the robotics, thoughts of the labor collective and for the weather, from the vicarious authorities of the authorities of the regions of the Russian Federation.

With robots at night (from 22 years old. Up to 6 years old.) A triviality of robots has been established to speed up by 1 year. An hour of cob and end of the robot is established by the rules of the internal labor order.

The normal robots can be carried out using the written co-voice of the official at the vinyatkovy vypadku, passed by the legislation. Ponadnormov_ robots are not guilty of changing for the skin doctor for 4 years. After 2 days of sleep and 120 hours.

4. Rights and obligations of the robot teacher.

Requirements for securing unhealthy minds and protecting the workers are sent to the robot teacher. Goiter Robot

no baking of technological processes, no baking of exploitation of installation, budget, construction;

zasosuvannya zasob_v collective and individual zaist;

the mode is practical and independent - both zagalny and pilgrim - for different categories of pratsivniks;

research and development of unhappy vipadkiv on virobnistvі and professional ailments;

the presentation of material and moral schoolwork to the forefathers at the time of their rejection of the caliber of a professional discomfiture;

navchannya, instruction and revision of knowledge of the norms, rules and instructions for protecting the work;

inadmissibility of labor crawls before the visitor's labor craws without passing obovazkovyh medical examinations, as well as in the presence of medical evidence.

Provide information on the critical risk of health improvement, as a result of the individual's recovery, compensation for the poultry.

5. Rights and obligations of the official

Workers in the galuzy, protect the workers of the crop:

dotrimuvatisya norms, rules and instructions for protecting the work;

correctly zastosovuvati zobi collective and individual zaist;

passing through the use of non-stopping methods and priyoms;

it is inaccurate to add a bezposeredny quiz about any situation, how it will block the life and health of people, as well as about a non-merciless skin problem on virobability;

go through the obligatory front (when entering the robot) and periodical medical examinations.

6. See the evidence for misdemeanors and law enforcement in the area of ​​protection of the law.

Legislation transferring discipline, administrative, material and criminal responsibility for violation of norms and rules of protection of practice.

For disciplinary misconduct, in order not to declare abnormally vikonannya the protégé of those who are responsible for the new obligations on the safeguarding of the priest, the robotic master has the right to fix such disciplines come in:

respectful;

transfer to the mensh, I will pay for the term up to 3 months;

Znilnennya s vіdpovіdovі pіdstavі on the vacancies.

There is a disciplinary reason for imposing for the violation of the norms and rules of protection of the law, which they did not call up to and could not cause serious consequences for themselves.

Administrative approval - even the imposition of a fine on a wine person Vona insisted that the norms and rules of protection were violated, as they also did not bring up to and could not cause heavy inheritance. You have to pay by the bodies of the federal inspectorate of pratsi, or by the administrative com-missions at the bodies of the micro-self-assembly for special personnel. The decision about the imposition of a fine can be oskarzhenno. The administration is responsible for the dispute, as a rule, and go in for the discipline.

Material evidence insisted on the violation of the norms and rules of protection of the work, which caused them to take material cuts for the employer or the worker. It’s worth the fact that the enterprise compensates for the school code, which is taken over by the workers 'health, and we will tie them up to the workers' duties. The part of the sumi on the vidshkoduvannya tsyogo zbitku can be contracted from the worker of the ts'i enterprise, as if the unhappy vipad-stni of the vipadok was put to blame. From the wages paid by the employer, you will be guided by the order of the enterprise keeper. When it’s out of the day, the request about the return of the shkodi will be examined by the court for the application of the administrator.

The critical aspect of the insistence was that the norms were violated and the rules were violated, as it could have caused some serious inheritance. Vona be instituted by the court for the applicable articles of the Crimean Code for the pose of the federal inspectorate of pratsi.

Topic 5. Hygien pratsi and virobnich sanitaria

Gigina kupa, її meta, subject and endeavor. virobnich

sanitation.

Mikroclimat in virobniks and yogo inflow

on the patronage of the people.

3. Infusion of physical parameters of the power on the microclimate.

1. Gigina kupa, її meta, subject and endeavor. Virobnich sani-Tariya.

Gіgієna pratsі -> go to the medical knowledge, who vivchaє vivchaє cooperate with the operational staff with a vigorous middle ground and the development of norms and practical come in as soon as possible to improve the minds of the pratsi.

Meta gіgієni pratsі is not a sick person's treatment, but an overcoming of illnesses, the main object of respect here is that lyudin is healthy.

The subject of vivchennya gіgієni pratsi є virobniche middle-class and all-listening components (technological possession, creatures, food), infused into the health and self-respect of the great staff. With a lot of important parameters of the middle є:

physical and meteorological minds - temperature, water content, speed of deterioration;

sanitary-hygienic minds - the concentration of high-quality speeches in the morning, filing, noise and vibration, illumination of workmanship;

the manifestation and efficiency of the robotics of sanitary and technical annexes (ventilation, scorching, canalization) and in the collective acquisition.

For the heads of the hospitality department є the distribution of sanitary and prophylactic visits, direct to the root of the friendly minds, and the health and safety of the high standard will help the health and goodness of the working staff.

Vyrobnycha sanitariyatse one from the straight line of work, the wheel is tied to the rosette in and out of the way, so that you can use it for the most efficient schooly-eyed factors.

2. Mikroclimat among the wicked pretensions and this infusion on the patriarchy of the people.

People for a normal life need to have a normal call of mind. "So, for people it is necessary є a total of 15 m3, an area of ​​at least 4.5 m2, a temperature of at least 20.95%, CO, not more than 0.03%, a temperature of at least +8 to 21 ° C.

The great influx on the patronage of the working staff is nadaє mі-croclimat of virobnichnyh primitives - the supremacy of physical authorities і chemistry warehouse of the food center, the manifestation of microorganisms and the values ​​of their particles.

The microclimate of the wild animals should be assessed by the offensive parameters:

dry temperature, ° С,

in terms of volume,%,

shvidk_styu ruhu povitrya, V m / s,

barometric grip, P GPa (mm Hg).

The effectiveness of the robotics of the state, the administration, the specialties of ensuring the safety of life, the establishment of the law, as well as the well-grounded and free acceptance of the government of the federal government on a scale

The management of the system of safety of living in the Russian Federation in the given hour is carried out for three independent strains, the skin of its own legal (legislative), normative and organizational basis, its own critical and control organizations.

Prior to the number of direct links:

1. Bezpechennya bezpeki (protection of pratsі).

2. Zakhist (guard) of the navkolishny midst.

3. Zachist of the population and the territory of the over-the-top situations.

According to the skin three main directions of securing the safety of living and breaking up and gradually getting the right assets, how to regulate all the suspensions in the whole hallway, as well as the organization of state control.

The legal and organizational mechanisms for ensuring the safety of living are put into the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the principles and norms international law, International agreements Russian Federation Federal Constitutional Laws, Federal Laws and Regions of the Russian Federation

right - the whole system of legal acts, which regulates all the legal acts in the country (states, administrative, state, civil and criminal).

From the point of view of law, the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of safety of living in the current stage is presented:

Constitution of the Russian Federation;

Federal constitutional laws;

Federal laws.

For the implementation of all the laws of the Russian Federation, legal acts are taken, and the order of the visitor is started, the middle:

Normative legal acts of the Russian Federation - Decrees and orders of the President of the Russian Federation, Decree of the Order of the RF Uryad;

Normative legal acts of the federal authorities of the viconavcha power - instruct the ministries and departments;

The normative acts of the RF sub-units are the laws of the RF sub-units, regulations of the RF sub-units, order the regional ministries and departments.

For the sake of practicality, it is necessary to use the norms and rules of conduct.

Among them:

Hygienic standards (GN);

Sanitary norms (CH);

Sanitary rules (SP);

Sanitary rules and norms (SanPiN);

Budivelny norms and rules (BNiP);

Safety rules (PB);

Rules for Budovi and Safe Operation (PUBE);

Galuzevi standards (OSTi).

Hromadyanske (constitutional) right zakryplyuє the foundations of the suspension-political system of the state, the basic rights and regulations of the community and the state governing bodies. A number of provisions of the dignified Constitution of the Russian Federation, adopted in 1993, refer to the legal foundations of ensuring the safety of living (Chapter 1, Article 7; Chapter 2, Articles 36, 37, 41, 42, 55, 56 and 58). In the constitutional documents of the sub'єktyv of the Russian Federation, it is also possible to vindicate the basic provisions of sovereign law for the protection of safety of living on the territory of the country.

V Constitution of the Russian Federation, adopted in 1993, it is written that in the special conduct of the Russian Federation and sub-units of the Russian Federation, it is "good to come in to fight against disasters, spontaneous troubles, incidents" The Fundamental Law of the Russian Federation has secured the rights of hulks to protect health, friendly navkolishn the middle, reliable information about the country, the information about the country, about the health of the lane.

W metoyu realіzatsії PROVISIONS Konstitutsії Rosіyskoї Federatsії rozroblenі i in vіdpovіdnomu order zatverdzhenі: Kontseptsіya natsіonalnoї BEZPEKA Rosіyskoї Federatsії, Kontseptsіya gromadskoї BEZPEKA Rosіyskoї Federatsії, Vіyskova doctrine Rosіyskoї Federatsії, doctrine іnformatsіynoї BEZPEKA Rosіyskoї Federatsії, fundamentals State polіtiki in the Branch zabezpechennya hіmіchnoї i bіologіchnoї BEZPEKA Rosіyskoї Federatsії i інші fundamental documents.

Administrative law - the supremacy of legislative acts, decrees of specific posadovs and decisions of the authorities of the viconavcha power, as well as of the relevant acts, which regulate the suspension of decisions in the halls of state administration.

In the present hour, dozens of federal laws have been adopted, which are aimed at ensuring the safety of life. We found them є: "About security," About the state tamnitsyu "," About defense "," About the status of the military service "," About the military service and the military service "," About the civil defense "," About the supervising camp "," About emergency services and the status of ryatuvalniks, "about the fight against terrorism", "about the anti-extremism action", "about the security", "about freedom of conscience and religious information," "about information, "About the occupation of the population and the territory of the overpowering situations of natural and technogenic character", "About the protection of the midst of the midst", "About the protection of the atmosphere", "About the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population", "I will protect the road without , "About radio security of the population", "About the security of non-security companies", "About security of hydraulic engineering", "Labor code of the Russian Federation" the health of the giants in the Russian Federation "," About the zajist of the rights of the survivors "," About the quality and safety of food products, " navkolishnogo tyutyunovogo dima and inheritance from tyutyunu ”,“ About immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases ”,“ About the main guarantee of the rights of a child in the Russian Federation ”and іnshі.

In addition, the representative bodies of the sub'єkts of the Russian Federation adopted a great complex of laws, for the theme of the federal, albeit specific, the region, the edge of the region. The decrees of the viceroy's posadovs and the decrees of the organs of the viconavcha power (federal, sub'units of the federation and mists) shall be established as of applicable laws a system of renewed management of safe living conditions in the residential areas.

In the area of ​​safety of living, the Uryad of the Russian Federation, on the basis of federal laws, adopts legal normative legal acts, to concretize the life and health of the community.

The laws and regulations are to be understood by the understandings of the "normative legal acts".

According to the legislation, the safety of living is within reach of the conduct of a single state policy, through a system of approaches to the economic, political, organizational and organizational nature, adequate to the threats to life of special importance.

A greater reporting and legal basis for securing the safety of living will be discerned in vivchena, along the skin straight, on seminars and practical jobs.

visnovok

In the Russian Federation, as in the other regions, the security of living is based on the system of national security. With the help of the legislation of the Russian Federation, the transfer of: state security, community security, ecologic security, specialty security and vid security. The skin-safe type is provided with folding technological systems, so that specific and external structures and processes can be recognized.

Significant is the role of the welcoming middle-class living in the rationalist life of the clear-cut people in the land of the people with the knowledge of the needs of the new life and the way to recover from them, understandable and the culture of the insecure.

Today it is possible to state that in our country there is one legislative and normative legal base in the field of safety of the living of the people, in which it is clearly defined the basic direct policy of the state policy in the whole gallery.

Summing things up, it means that the problems of safety of life have a systemic character and they can be better understood for thinking about the knowledge of science and practical directness in the minds of people in modern life. Before them, first for everything, it was necessary to introduce medicine, ecology, ergonomics, psychology, as well as the power of legislation and administration, the suspicion of suspension and skin specific people.