Experiment. See the experiments. Experiment yak method of psychological dosage The main meta-experiment in psychology

All methods that can be used to deny empirical material can be cleverly distributed to:

active (laboratory experiment and second development, quasi-experiment);
passive (caution, clinical method, method for analyzing products of performance, vimir and correlation of information, method of collecting information (servey research), "archival information", etc.).

Zastosovyuchi methods of the first group, the glorifier is actively wicked, or the process is infused into the object. Vikoristovuchi and the methods of another group, should I be satisfied with the restoration of the natural process.

Experimental advancement in psychology is seen from other methods, but the experimenter is actively manipulating independent change, so as with other methods it may be deprived of options in the selection of new ones.

The most important variant of the experimental dosage is the presence of the main control groups in the trial.

Behind the formal instructions, there are a number of types of experimental data:

The pre-last (pochukovy) experiment is carried out even if it is unavoidable, because there is no causal link between the square and the fallow winter. To that, some people have been directing to reconsider the hypothesis about the manifestation of the appearance of the fallowness between the mines A and V. For example, what are the links between the classics and the function of the intellect?
the experiment is carried out, as well as information about the connection between two houses; to see a hypothesis about the type of link from the cim. For example, smart people do not necessarily read more classical literature Ale can try z'yasuvati, most often I read the stench.

In the psychology of preliminaries practice, to characterize the young types of experimental preliminaries, one can also use an understanding: "critical experiment", "piloting presentence" ("pilot"), "polishing"

A critical experiment is carried out in order to instantly reconsider all possible hypotheses. Adopting one of them will lead to the availability of all the other possible alternatives. The statement of a critical experiment in the psychology of a vimag is not only a real-life plan, but a viskogo rivnya rosters of scientific theory.

The term "piloting for a long time" is set for a trial, the first experiment, or a series of experiments, in which the main hypothesis is tested, go to the end, a plan, etc. Expect to spend pilots in front of the "great", hard-working experimental pre-slates, so if you don’t have a penny and an hour it’s worthless. Pilot preliminaries is carried out at the lowest vibration test, for a fast plan and without significant control over the winter. The hope of the tribute gained as a result of piloting is not great, even if it is carried out, it will be possible to put down coarse pardons, related to the visibility of hypotheses, to the plans of hearing, to the control of snakes, etc. For example, when a new opiate is established, it is carried out on a pilot basis with the help of a zyasuvati, in order to respond to a new response, etc.

"Polove" beforehand is carried out in order to create a connection between the real ones in the common life (for example, the status of the child in the group and the number of contacts in the group with the same number of cases in the given period). For his sutta, polish until the last (or the Polish experiment) must be carried out to a quasi-experiment, so that when it is carried out there is no way to strictly control the call of the day, select the group, and precisely manage them in all the tools. Ale in some kind of "poloviy", or natural, experiment is only one possible way of rejecting scientific information (in psychological development, social psychology, In classical psychology and psychology pratsi, etc.).

algorithm experimental dosage in the whole viewer as follows:

A hypothesis about the causal link between A and B.
Carrying out a sound experiment.
At the time of spreading the hypothesis, the hypothesis will appear and a new experiment will be carried out; If the hypothesis is supported, there is only one functional hypothesis.
Conducted a pidtverzhu experiment.
Take (or see) and clarify the hypothesis about the type of connection between the winter.

Guided by the main stages of psychological experimental development and shortly visible їх zmіst.

1. Viznachennya by those doslіdzhennya.
2. Robot with scientific literature. The presenter is guilty of getting to know the experimental data, rejected by the psychologists, and the attempts to explain the reasons for this phenomenon.
3. Clarification of hypotheses and designation of changes. An experimental hypothesis, on the basis of a theoretical one, is guilty of being formulated by the viglyadi of the implicative obsession: "Yaksho ... that ...".

The appearance of changes is even more significant, even if the stench is correct, to build up the credibility and value of the data, so that the reliability of the data is taken away. Іnkshe seems to be, a changeable parameter of mental abo social reality, Yakiy doslidzhuє experimenter.

In the experiment, there are a number of types of winters, which take place in the process of carrying out:

fallow
square
side by side - those, which injected can change the results and experiment
zvnishni - to become, vik and іnshі characteristics of viprobovanikh, which are necessary for vrahovuvati during the experiment.

4. Vibir of experimental instrumentation. The presenter is guilty of vibrating such an instrument, which allowed the bi you:

keruvati with a square wintry;
restruvate fallow winter.

Go about a specific methodology and apparatus for psychological experimentation.

5. Planning of experimental dosage is the central stage of the whole procedure. In the first place, there is a story about the vision of the winter wintry, which can be injected onto the fallen winter. Planning is necessary for securing the external and internal validity of the experiment. Fakhivtsi recommend numerical techniques for the control of external changes.

6. Vibir experimental plan. With an interconnection of hours and resources (including financial ones), choose the most simple experimental plans. The presenter can conduct an experiment for the participation of the same people. At the end of the day, you will be stuck with plans for one person. As a presenter of work with a group, then you can vibrate a number of plans for experimental and control groups. Simplest є plans for two groups (main and control). Run and large folding experimental plans.

7. Revised and distributed among the groups, which should be carried out according to the plan adopted by the experimental plan. All the potential of those who have been tested, as they can be objects of this psychological dosage, Poznachayut yak population, or general supremacy.

Without people, they are creatures, as they take part in the past, they call them vibyrkoy. The warehouse of the experimental vibration is guilty of the model, representing (representing) the general supremacy, the samples of the experiment, won in the experiment, are extended to all members of the population, and not only to the representatives of the vibration.

8. Carrying out the experiment. In the course of the experiment, the presenter organizes the process of interaction with viprobuvanim, read out instructions, conduct, as it is necessary, in the beginning of the series. Winning an independent change (manager, calling and thinking), Carry out himself or, for the help of an assistant, the restoration of the behavior of the child.

9. Vibir methods of statistical processing, carrying out. The name of the methods of processing the dues is to be vibrated at the stage of planning the experiment, or even earlier - when the experimental hypothesis is being observed. The experimental hypothesis is transformed into a statistical one.

10. Drawings and interpretation of results to complete the previous cycle. Pidsumkom of Experimental Diligence є Confirmation of hypotheses about the causal depletion between the children: "Yaksho A, then B".

The main characteristics of the experiment: change, vibration, validity

experimental changes dividing into fallow, non-fallow, brittle and long-lasting.
square zmіnnna- the one who is the experimenter with the mark of revealing її pouring into the fallen winter. The central problem in the conduct of the experimental follow-up is the vision of the independent change and the isolation of the winters.

In the capacity of independent winter in the psychological experiment, there are:

characteristics of the plant;
particularities of the situation (call of mind);
kerovani specialties (I will become) viprobuvanny.

The characteristic of the plant is that the experimenter can be less manipulative. There can be a variety of stimulation for the material of the plant, change the type of presentation of the video (verbal or non-verbal), change the assessment scale, etc.

Until the peculiarities of the situation, it was necessary to introduce those changes, which should not be included in the structure of the experimental plant, viconuvany viprobuvanim. It can be the temperature in the surrounding area, the situation, the appearance of the last person, etc.

Certain specialties of the sample can be represented by:

physical parameters of the situation: roztashuvannya apparatus, zovnishniy viglyad attention, illumination, sounds and noises, temperature, distribution of furniture,
an hour spent in the experiment (an hour to finish, triviality, etc.) for thinking, but not with an experimental stimulus, social and psychological parameters: isolation - a robot in the presence of an experimenter, a robot in one place - a robot in a group and a group
the peculiarities of the spilkuvannya and the interaction of the viprobovan (viprobovuvanih) and the experimenter.

Prior to the "organismic changes", or non-corroborated characteristics of the test, physical, biological, psychological, social-psychological and social signs are recognized.

fallow ground- the one that zmіnyuєtsya pіd in the experimental flow.

Psychologists think that the parameters of verbal or non-verbal behavior are often vibrated in the quality of the fallen wintry. The presenter is guilty as much as possible to concretize the fallen winter, so that he wants to be able to perform the operation, undergo a reconstruction in the course of the experiment (it is not possible in the quality of the fallow winter, etc.)

The problem of fixing the specific features of the behavior of looking for help:

navchannya sposterіgachіv and distribution of cards with caution;
in the form of formal dynamic characteristics of behavior for additional tests.

A fallow land is guilty of being valid and overwhelming. The need for change is manifested in the strength of the change of minds for an experiment that lasts an hour.

The value of the fallow winter is only in the specific minds of the experiment and the most singular hypothesis.

You can see three types of fallow winter:

At the same time, when one parameter is restructured, and it is itself responsible for the manifestation of a stale change (between them there is a functional line communication), for example, when an hour of idle sensorimotor reaction is introduced;
Bagatovimirnu - for example, the level of intellectual productivity is manifested in the hour of the development of the enterprise, as a decision, the hard version of the development;
fundamental. If it seems that the set between the parameters is rich and fallow, the parameters are looked at in the quality of arguments, and the fallen change itself is in the quality of the option. For example, the fundamental aspect of aggression F (a) is to look at how the functions of the environment are manifested: mimics, pantomimics, huskies, battering and in.

Another important thing is the power of the fallow winter, and the very sensitivity (sensitivity) of the fallow winter to the square.

victorious changes- all those, whose inflow can change the results of the experiment (for example, illumination in the room, seeing hunger in a viprobuvan, anxiety and in.). Until the number of casualties, on the other hand, it is impossible to put down the winners, to bring in the factor of the hour, the factor of production, the factor of individual visibility.

Oskіlki in the experiment means injected into the experimenter, it is customary to talk about the control over the changes in the course of the experiment.

Control of an independent field in the active variation of the knowledge of the regularity of the change.

Control of a fallow winter field in the її clear fіksatsії.

itself big problem field in control of minor, I can match the results to the experiment. There are a few of the main principles of control over external ("side") changes:

eliminatsia of the calling of the winter;
constancy of minds;
balance bath;
counterbalancing;
randomization.

Eliminatsiya. The most simple for the day, but not for the possibilities of health, "radical" way of control. The experimental situation is constructed in such a rank, so that it is possible to include presence in this new world.

Part of the constant minds. As long as it’s impossible to get involved in the experimental situation, then the presenter will be made unaware of it.

Balance bathing. In quiet people, as long as there is a possibility of establishing a constant and conducting an experiment or the constancy of minds is not enough, the technique of balancing the effect of the young people is stagnant. This is because a control group is included in the experiment plan for the supplement to the experimental group. The experimental advancement of the control group is carried out in the same minds as the advancement of the experimental one. When balancing skin tests, I will take away one experimentally injected: the call is balanced for the development of the effect of the experiment on the members of the experimental group, according to the preliminary results, based on the control effect.

Counterbalancing. With the help of the control of the bitwise change, it is most common to stop it, if the experiment includes a sprinkle of gray. Viprobuvaniy appear in the minds of the last, and in front of the minds can change the effect in the influx of the onset minds. The technique of counterbalancing polygons is in the fact that skin tests can be removed from more than one option injected (AB or VA) and the effect of lasting is designed to be applied to all experimental minds.

Randomization. The whole procedure, as a guarantee of equal power to the skin member of the population of the article, a participant in the experiment. The skin representative of the vibration will be given the ordinal number, and the vibration will be tested in the experimental and control group according to the additional table of "vypadkovyh" numbers. Randomization є in a way that allows the inclusion of an infusion of individual features in the experiment on the result of the experiment.

Find out about the classifications of methods in psychological knowledge.

One of the most famous houses was built in the 60s by B.G. Ananova and includes 4 groups of methods, which show the stages of scientific advice:

1.organizatsionny methods (practical, long, complex);

2.Empirical methods of adding scientific data (observational methods - caution and self-caution; experimental methods - laboratory, Polish, natural, as a form of psychological and pedagogical; psychodiagnostic methods - test of standardized - taking into account the analysis of processes and products of activity (chronometry, cyclography, professional description, assessment of robots); modeling method - mathematical, cybernetic and in.; biographical methods - analysis of facts, dates, people

3.receiving data processing (methods of complex (mathematical-statistical) and analytical analysis;

4. Interpretation methods (genetic and structural method).

Approximately at the same hour, within the framework of the day-to-day approach of the іnsha іnsha clasification, which can be presented quickly in the following diagram:

In the case of a large, modern version of the ordering of methods, it is possible to establish the following:

1.the main methods of psychological dosages and their options, which are used for collecting the first tributes:

◦ experiment

▪ natural

▪ laboratory

◦ caution

▪ call (guarded from the side)

▪ internal (introspection)

▪ vilne

▪ standardized

▪ included

▪ third-party

2.Additional previous methods:

◦ analysis of literature, documents and products

◦ biographic and bliss method

◦ sociometric method

◦ questionnaire, interview, experience

▪ usny

▪ letters

▪ vilny

▪ standardization

◦ besіda

◦ testing

◦ method of expert assessments

◦ model bath

▪ more mathematical

▪ logical

▪ technical

▪ cybernetic

The managers of the methods of natural sciences and the exact sciences, the psychology of the other half of the last century, was seen as an independent science and began to actively develop. Until now, psychological knowledge was won in the main way of self-guarding (introspection), of the minds of the world, watching over the behavior of those people. Analysis and cleverness of common life facts have played their positive role in the history of psychology. The stench served as the basis for prompting the first scientific theories to explain the day psychological phenomenaі human behavior... However, the sub-activism of these methods, their lack of hope and flexibility, was brought up to the point that the psychology remained for a long time a philosophical, non-experimental science, a healthy allowance, but did not bring the causal-psychotic sound

At the same time, through the overwhelmingly twisted theorizing, the won was actually seen from the practice.

Namir zrobiti її sprazhnyuyu, more precisely, practically corny science, not only describe, but I’ll explain the phenomenon bulo is tied to the new laboratory experiment and vimіryuvannya. Try some of the best assessments of psychological phenomena to be repaired from the other half of the 19th century. One of the first such probes was to display and formulate a series of laws, how to feel the power of perceived people with stimuli that are injected into the body in physical quantities. The laws of Bouguer-Weber, Weber-Fechner, Stevens are applied to them, which are mathematical formulas, for the addition of which there are connections between physical stimuli and perceptions of people, as well as absolute and visual thresholds of the present.

Suddenly, the development of differential psychological advances (the end of the 19th century), if for the emergence of backward psychological powers and health, when people were introduced to one view of one statistic

Years later, already in the XX century, the tendency of the establishment of mathematical models and development of a wide expansion in the most recent psychology galuzy. Without them, one can’t do without a serious scientific psychological experience.

From the end of the 80s of the XIX century. in psychology there have become more and more special technical attachments and attachments for carrying out laboratory experimental science studies. A pioneer in a number of famous studies was V. Wundt, who in Leipzig organized the work of the first psychological laboratory. Technical attachments and attachments allowed the presenter to set up and conduct controls and testings of a scientific experiment, add physical stimuli, which were guilty of reacting lyudin, vimiryuvati yogo reaction. Some of the goals are to be completed by simple technical attachments, in the main mechanics. On the cob XX Art. before them came electrical attachments, and at our hour in the psychological laboratory dosages of vicissitude to find out how to get technical support.

The specifics of the experiment as a method of psychological awareness of the field is in the fact that a piece situation is developed in a new way, in which the power of being seen, appears and perceived to be found. The main reason for the experiment is that it allows one to do it, but not all other methods, to learn about the causal and inherited connections of the pre-juvenile phenomenon with the other phenomena, to scientifically explain the appearance of the phenomenon. However, it is not easy to organize and conduct a reference, which will give a psychological experiment to all vimogam scientific advances in the development of new methods.

Є two main types of experiments: natural and laboratory. One form of one stench is perceived by them, so they allow the psychology and behavior of people in their minds, whether they are close to reality. The natural experiment is organized and carried out in the wicked minds of life, the deexperimenter is practically not involved in the journey, when they see it, they are looking at it, as it stinks on its own. Laboratory experiment of transferring the origin of the individual situation, in which the power can be more beautifully vivified.

The Dani, gained in the natural experiment, most beautifully suggest the typical living behavior of the individual, the real psychology of people, but do not depend on the experimenter's ability to strictly control the level of power in all those who are not in power. The results of the laboratory experiment, navpaki, play in accuracy, but instead step in the steps of naturalness - the form of life.

Experimental method of attracting all foreign features scientific knowledge, and itself:

1.the manifestation of a special scientific move. In order to describe the preliminaries of appearances, science is pragmatic of how much it reads its own understanding and value;

2. storing special abilities for organizing experimental minds;

3.Decoration of scientific knowledge, which is related to all kinds of products educational performance;

4. special preparation for the knowledge of the sub'єkta, vcheny;

5.the singing system of centralized ideas and target attitudes, which are guilty of stimulating scientific jokes, aiming at the development of new objects independently of the

6. the parity of the glimpses of the truth;

7. inadmissibility of falsification and plug-in. Obov'yazkove vikoristannya to the institute posilan.

In addition, the scientific experiment is of such power:

1.advance;

2. repetition;

3. verifiability;

4. objectivity.

The structure of the experiment includes:

1. sub'єkta of knowledge (experimenter), as well as its activity;

2.Causes of knowledge, including some tools, attachments, experimental installations, protocols, tests, etc.;

3.ob'єkt experimental doslіdzhennya.

So, as an experiment on the basis of different directions of fuel injection at the beginning, there are a number of changes that can be described in addition to the phenomenon. Growing out of fields, fallow lands and landlocks. Nezalezhnaya zmіnnna is the one that is controlled by the experimenter. Nezalezhnaya zmіnnna maє rіvnі - meaning, which won in the experiment. For example, in the zagaduvanny food of experiment - an independent wintry є color signal, like a little bit of ryvniv: chervonia, greenery, zhovty color signal. Fallow lands - those, which change before the incessant change of the independent winter. For example, in the same experiment, the hour of sensorimotor response to the inclusion of a numerical signal on the remote control is a bad change.

Particularly in psychological experiments є injecting on the go and the results of unplanned, non-planned factors, as it is important to control, regulate and in flux, we can strongly recollect the results of the experiment.

Zovnishni (secondary, additional) changes - those that are inaccessible to control, or pour into the fallow land. Butt: by the young in the experimental before the hour of the sensorimotor reaction to the colirnial moan can serve - the functional camp of the viprobuvanny (exhaustion, fatigue, badoria, active, etc.); a quick hour of reaction through a train in the process of bagatoraz reaction to colline signals; the amount of illumination in primitiveness, deduction in the hour of the reaction to the number of substitutes; allowance of respect for non-compliant inappropriate intrusions into psychophysical laboratory during the experiment, etc.

The term "control" is more important to understand, which means special procedures in the process of realizing the experimental method, directing them to control the changes in the experiment. Experimental control is all about the control of wintry (independent, fallow and out-of-town) and minds in psychological experimentation.

dzherela:

1. Anan'ev B. G. About the problems of modern people. M .: Science, 1977;

2. Veselova Є. K. Experimental psychology. SPb., RGPU im. A.I. Herzen. 2008;

3. Zhuravlyov DV Methodology and methods of psychological and pedagogical education: Course of lectures. M .: Vidavnistvo MGOU, 2003. - Chapter 4. S. 38-61. (electronic

An experiment in psychology is a whole of special information, which is carried out in special minds with the aim of rejecting new knowledge, by way of engaging the presenter in the life of the one who has lived for the viprobuvannya. The price of progress is made, as the result of changes is shown as a result of the quilt. In a broad sense, the method of experimenting in psychology can include additional experience and testing.

Features of experiment in psychology

Varto mean that, by its own means, the experiment in psychology may be significant insights from experiments in other fields of science. In this particular context, there is a sense of the sense of the fact that, as a result, the result is that it is not the same object, which is a Kintsev meta.

For example, since the chemistry of the power of speech, I know for sure that I can do it right. And the axis of the psyche of the people does not give way to constructive caution, and to judge about the power of її only by її manifestations. To pass it on to the reaction of the psyche. For example, the experimenter wants to know how to infuse into the psyche of the light of that particular view, and the psyche of viprobovuvani reacts not at the price, but at the special position before the experimenter. The very same understanding of the experiment in psychology is even neat and rich-faceted.

See an experiment in psychology

Itself is such a method of further development in psychology, as an experiment, to develop in laboratory, natural and form experiments. Roma tsyogo, can be podrozdil on the flight beforehand (first) and completely experiment. The stench can be obvious, so with a haunted mark. Everything is clear.

For the method of conducting the development of such types of experiments in psychology:

laboratory experiment. The price is the most prestigious, shanovny, and at the same time the expansion is a kind of experiment. At the new level, the most accurate management of the winter - both fallow and non-fallow.

natural (polovy) experiment. This is a very unprecedented experiment, some samples of wine are carried out in an unprecedented life. So that for the fact practically no changes are not taken into account, and the experimenter is practically not involved, but at the same hour he should be careful not to pass.

formє (psychological and pedagogical) experiment. In this vypadku lyudin or a group of people take part in navchannі with the form of formulation, which is a little bit of something. In this vypadku, if the result appears to be formed, there is no need to guess, for which the changes are seen - the experiment will be successful.

Krym, I knew I was ready to experiment. The price is poured into the level of assimilation of the experiment from the side of the viprobuvan.

explicit experiment- vyprobuvannye danny vycherpni vіdomosti about all goals and tasks, as to set before itself dane dawn.

industrial option- the viprobuvan is given a deprivation if a part of information is needed, or a part of it, either to get used to it, or to speak.

ghost experiment- the viprobuvan is often unaware of not only about the whole experiment, but about the very fact.

In such a rank, doslіdzhennya is carried out in different ways. Some of them are the most suitable for raising the behavior of older people, and are ideal for seeing the peculiarities of children. Before the speech, it is most often at the child's auditorium that one should be guided by experiments, some children are not very smart, and change their behavior, as if they see everything without a doubt. By such a rank, the experiment is not possible in the area of deception - it is not a necessary entry for rejecting adequate results. Nutrition 8. Additional methods of psychology: education, questionnaire, biography, biographical method, product development, text method.

Opituvannya- We can go to sleep (chat, interview) and write (questionnaire).

besіda - one of the broader psychological methods, especially necessary for the designation of professional qualities of the worker, the specific features of the motivation of the worker of the given specialty, the estimation of the quality of workmanship.

When carrying out a conversation, it is necessary to vrahovuvati, who is guilty of:

we will think over a plan for zazdalegіd;

carried out in an atmosphere of mutual doviri, have the character

vіlnogo dialogue, and will not finish;

victories of food, which may cause the nature of the fairy tale or naviyuvannya.

Importantly, before carrying out tsiogo doslіdzhennya є attracting ethical norms: confidentiality of the situation, attracting professional staff, attorney to the adviser.

questionnaire- the most efficient and the cheapest among the most popular ways to discard information from a number of groups of people.

When questioning the official, the anonymity is given, that is, it was prompted to eat more in the doorway. In addition, you can think about and formulate your messages more primitively. The questionnaire allows you to reject the data in short terms and in the great number of people, moreover, in the handicap available for machine processing.

To advance the validity of the data, the questionnaire is guilty of overwhelming the front organization of the robot: talk about the goals and order of the questionnaire: the nutrition of the questionnaire is clear and specific; the questionnaire is guilty but clearly structured based on the main messages. On a daily basis, when questioning, you can apply for such modern technological methods, such as power supply by electronic mail, via the Internet. This technology is a significant world to accelerate the rejection and practical application of the required tributes.

biographic method pre-development of the key factors in the form of an individual, his life way, crisis periods in development, special features of socialization. Analyze the current events in the life of the individual and predict the number of events in the future, the graphs of life are formed, the causometry (from the Latin Causa - the reason for the Greek metro - vimir) - the causes of the psychological analysis of the inter-everyday life period of development of special features and degradation.

A biographical method of recollecting to identify the style of life of the individual, the type of adaptation in the middle. Win vikorystovuєtsya yak for analysis, as well as for korektsії life style specialty. Can diagnose obtezhuvanogo behind additional computer programs "Biograf". The method allows for the development of factors, which are the most infused into the behavior of specialness. Otrimanie dans of vicariousness for the correction of behavior of the individual, specially tailored psychotherapy, relaxation (weakening) of the crisis.

Method for the analysis of products.

The results of people's dyyalnosti - the price of books, paintings, architectural projects, wine, etc. Behind him you can judge about the specialties of the activity, which led to the beginning, and I will include in the activity of mental processes and qualities. The analysis of products is of great importance both for science and for practice. So a school psychologist, before what a daddy, or a teacher to be killed by the drive of unsuccessful schoolchildren, you can reject the valuable information from the schoolboy's questions, and analyze how the classmates and home robots were asked by him. Broken down by them visnovki can be valuable additions to diagnostics, carried out by other methods. The most important value is the result of the independent activity of children, especially a little one, who is a child behind an idea. So, baby babies served as a bagat for pre-adolescents with material for visitors about the development of the child's mental development. They have a twist on the specialties of the children, and they have a sense of the images of objects. For example, it is possible for babies to bachiti, as a role in the statement about objects to play with the child's power with objects: beep in the babies to receive those specialties, with which the child is learned in the process of the process. Little children give the power of the singing world to judge about the level of rosewood development of their authors. Vivchennya results in performance will not show, as a child was smashed over the rejection of that chi product. Also, the products of efficiency allow you to complete the reliable material in the same way, if you will be able to follow the steps of the process.

Psychology as a science has its own subject and methods of introducing laws, mechanisms and mental facts. Knowing the method and remembering the peculiarity of the mental development of people - the way to the knowledge of the psychological peculiarities for the victorious knowledge of practical activity. method- the cost of taking and operations of practical and theoretical mastering of practicality, in addition to the fact that it is possible to recognize the validity of the possibilities, so that there is no distance to induce scientific theories and the implementation of practical recommendations. EXPERIMENT - the main method of psychological awareness. Experiment (Latin "Test, dosvid") is a provincial method of scientific knowledge, including psychological dosages. Vin of rectification for the appearance of causal deposits. Harakterizuєtsya stvorennyam optimally drain for vivchennya Pevnyi yavisch and takozh i tsіlespryamovanim kontrolovanim zmіnoyu Tsikh minds.

On the basis of caution, the experiment is an active way of understanding reality, the transfer of the situation, which was brought to the forefront in a planned way, and its control. It’s as if passively cautioned allowing us to refer to food "Yak? What rank is it possible to see?"

One of the main things to understand when describing an experiment is a change. This is how the situation is called, be it real, as it can be changed. The experimenter manipulu zminnym, todіyak sposterіgach checkє, since the winykne that zmіna, the experimenter viroblyaє on his own investigation.

See the wintry:

Independent - tseta, like an experimenter.

Zalezhna is a factor that changes in the opinion of the introduction of an independent change.

Industrial changes - do not be subject to strict control, but it is not uncommon for the factor to be rooted in, in practice there are between independent and fallen winter, so that one-on-one is ahead of them. For example, physiological or psychological state of viprobovanikh (stress, in addition, interest in robotics, baiduzhst and in.). The logic of the experiment is that the characteristics of this kind did not get lost, they didn’t misinterpret them, so since the smell of good things changed the behavior of the ages, we’ll embed them ourselves on the quality of the results.

Controlling changes - that is, mind, as in the course of the experiment you are not guilty of changes. If the validity of the empirical proof is ruined: the dynamics of the fallow winter can be explained not by the change of the area, but by the unplanned and unrecognized by the experimenter himself.

By such a rank, experimenting, it means, vivchati inflow of independent winters on fallow lands with constant characteristics of controllable winters, such as those of intermediate ones.

Nautsi has developed two plans for conducting experiments:

Tradition, de change only one square change;

Factorial, de zmіnyutsya immediately kіlka independent winters.

Zrozumilo, a psychologist is not able to control the psychic reality without being "middle-aged". Win can be infused through new situations, introducing those and other independent changes. The first change will be either by one (traditional plan), or by a series of interconnected ones (factorial plan). Ale, in any way, the presenter of the pragmatic will only be able to see the squares of the land. The experiment, de take umova dotrimana, is called "clean". It is extremely important to go back, even with the planned preliminaries, seeing independent changes and insoluvations from all the others.

For example, when I pour the illumination of the working mission onto the speed of the interview, I will not be able to take the video on the TV screen. On the right, in the fact that TV projectors let out intensive heat exchanges, it means that the temperature is changing. It is impossible for us to unambiguously interpret the judgment of the century only through the changes of illumination. And if it is tough, then the results of our experiment will be oskarzheni.

Hypothesis - this is the name given to science, as it is necessary to reconsider. The vibration of concrete hypotheses is abundant in the amount of speculation by means of doslіdzhennya. In a nutshell, the hypothesis was, in the first place, given overturned, but in a different way, the bullet was formulated borderingly precisely and unambiguously.

Pavuk has three types of hypotheses:

1) about the manifestation of the phenomena;

2) about the manifestation of the connection between phenomena;

3) about the discovery of the causal link of phenomena. The hypotheses of the rest of the form are vvazhayutsya completely experimental. They, as a rule, have an indelible change, fallow, the character is common among them, as well as the data of the inventory of the winter.

In the experiment, you will take on the fate of two groups of vipers: experimental and control. For the robot, the first one from them is inserted into an area (one aboard), but not into the robot. If all of them think of the same experiment, but the groups themselves are similar in their own way, then it can be brought, but the hypothesis is true or grateful.

Earlier, we guessed about those who are characteristic of the experiment є actively engaging the presenter in the situation. However, the price of being involved is manifested in a different way. Let's move on to describe the types of experiments.

1. In the presence of the minds of the Danes, the method is based on laboratory and natural ones.

The laboratory experiment is carried out in specially organized minds, which are seen from the real ones. At the same time, you want to get stuck with technical equipment and special equipment. Diy viprovovanih will begin with instructions.

An experiment of this kind is lured by its passages and shortcomings. Axis їх approximate turn:

The natural experiment is carried out in real minds with a deliberate variation of the actions of the forerunner. Psychology, as a rule, is used for the development of behavioral peculiarities.

Natural experiment, straightening on the revision of the staff of pedagogy and pedagogical psychology, call it psychological and pedagogical.

Significant additions to the methodology of organizing this kind of experiments outside of the revision of the teachings Oleksandr Fedorovich Lazurskiy (1910). For example, until the present hour, the scheme for the experimental development of psychological qualities, which includes:

Vimіryuvannya of the manifestation of the peculiarities of the peculiarities of the preliminaries;

Social and pedagogical pouring on them with the addition of the adjustment of the level of yokes;

Repeatedly vimіryuvannya manifestation of special powers in the test;

Correlation of results of the first and the other period;

Visnovki about the efficiency of the health injected into the pedagogical priyomy, which led to the fixed results.

2. Behind the character of the presenter, there is a constant and formative experiment.

A statutory experiment in the transmission of apparent psychic peculiarities, or in the development of various qualities, as well as a determination of obvious reasons and inheritances.

Yaka Formu experiment transmission is more active, it is directed to the inflow of a pre-glorious person in order to ensure that the power is violated, for the sake of quality. It allows the development of mechanisms, dynamics, laws of insight into mental phenomena, and the importance of thinking about effective development.

Poshukov, directing on rejection of principally new results in a small-scale region. Such experiments are carried out, if it is unattainable, that there is a common causal link between an independent and a fallow wintry, or in quiet drops, if the character of a fallow worm has not been established;

Clarify, mark what є value between, in between which broadened the theory given to the law. At the same time, be impressed in the occasional with the out-of-the-box experiments, the mind, the methodology, the information about the dosage are varied;

Critical, organizing with the help of spreading Intuitive theory or the law with new facts;

We make it possible to transfer more precisely the repetition of the experiments in advance for the purpose of determining the reliability, reliability and efficiency of the results obtained by them.

Briefly described is the change in the main stages of experimental development.

1. The theoretical stage, which includes the recognition of those who have been advised, the prior formulation of the problem, the development of the necessary scientific literature, the clarification of the problem, the vibration of the subject and the subject of the message, the hypothesis formula.

2. Preparatory stage, Yaky peredbachaє skladannya prog eksperimentu, in addition chislі vibіr Square i fallow zmіnnih, viyavlennya Cola kontrolovanih i vrahovanih zmіnnih, analіz shlyahіv dosyagnennya "purity" eksperimentu, viznachennya optimalnoї poslіdovnostі experiental Act reasonably, rozrobku sposobіv fіksatsії i analіzu rezultatіv, pіdgotovku neobhіdnogo obladnannya, nadannya vkazіvok viprobuvanim. At the same time, as the experiment is usually trivial, expensive or laborious, the preparation to the new one will give the transmission of the flight delay, the good news is that there are gross pardons and inadequate program performance.

3. Experimental stage, which will combine all the transfer of the pre-existing robotics from the instruction and motivation, which was tested before the restoration of the results and the post-experimental experiment with the participants of the procedures.

4. Interpretational stage, which is based on the formulation of approval or hypothesis based on procedures for the analysis of results, as well as preparation of a scientific sound.

Control robot

Experiment yak method of psychological dosage

Entry

Method of empirical dosage

method to experiment

The main characteristics of the experiment

Assessment of the quality of psychological experiment

The specifics of the organization of the experimental split

Organization and carrying out of the work

visnovok

List of Victory Literature

Entry

Sponsoring actions and behavior of people allow before the singing world to judge those who see it as a mental light, as opposed to seeing and how good it is. It’s the very situation and it’s impossible to understand the psychology of science. At the same time, there was a memory, that the calls between the calling minds and the guardians of the behavior of the people are not straightforward, unambiguous. In the image of the world, which cherishes its behavior, includes all of this past special education, and the development through the new development of the suspension. І consume people, і th bazhannya, tsіlі, values, brought to the light.

All the information is supreme, everybody knows how to behave, and how people behave, like people, they call them internal minds. Obviously, it is possible to say that the callous mind is injected onto the behavior of people through the inner mind. The behavior of people is most often promoted, as a rule, it is impossible to unambiguously judge about the internal processes that occur in their psyche. Tse-something and є the most folding psychological dosage. The same vchynok can be used by children for different reasons. I, navpaki, the very same, meta, idea can be seen in young people in young people.

The head of all the methods of scientific psychology, once and for all, the first for everything, in that, just think about it, with any calls, we will help you to guard the behavior and sound him for mental reasons, would be the most unambiguous, as far as possible.

The object of our doslіdzhennya is a method of experimenting in psychology.

The subject of the advancement is the specific features of the experiment as a method of testing the theory with advance data.

Meta doslіdzhennya - characterize the experiment and discover its specific features.

Zavdannya doslіdzhennya:

1.Analyze psychological literature on topics of presenter.

2.Describe the experiment yak method of psychological

.Describe the power of experiment as a scientific method

.Find out the specific features of the experiment

.Describe the mind that is necessary for an effective experiment

empirichne doslidzhennya umova experiment

1. The method of empirical dosage

The arsenal of scientific methodology includes different methods, techniques, approaches, strategies, methods of planning an experiment and logical rules. Smell to understand from problems to problems and from discipline to discipline. Most of the experimental psychologists of the USA did not carry out a further development, as not to be constrained by the paradigm, presumably before it was introduced (or transferred) into an infusion of change, and then the inheritance could be prevented. The traditional plan for the experiment is based on a single scheme: the establishment of causal inheritance between reasons and inheritances.

If there are no psychological problems, the paradigm appears to be ineffective for the definition of some straightforward paradigm, which requires the use of more suitable methods. Such problems are attributed to the development of livelihoods at the industrial steel works of Pittsburg, as the reason for suffering maniacal depressive psychosis in Miami and the City or the tendencies of mods for the rest of the way. Quite a few hundreds of others to quietly become a great interest, corny and meaningful for psychologists and can be made scientifically, empirical methods, so that you can correct good results. The preoccupation of the presenter is to take a decision and soil it. Otzhe, importantly, you are a student, who will vivch experimental psychology, you will learn from the knowledgeable pre-adolescent methods, with the help of the nobility, if it is permissible (and if it is not) victorious for this experimental plan.

Even more importantly, the mother of the standard deyak is collecting the tribute in non-experimental preliminaries, for example, based on the guards behind the sub'єkt (chi sub'єkts) stretching out for a period of an hour. The butt of a non-traditional pre-old paradigm is easy to see.

The yak can be seen from the butt of the butt, the elements of the hour and the frequency of the pod are not the same components of these steps. victorious three different ways many assessments of the behavior of the samples. Tse frequency method, triviality method and interval method.

The whole method of transcribing specific behavioral patterns to the frame within the singing period of an hour. So, if you think about the aggressive behavior of children on the Maydan for igor, you can give the operational definition of aggressive behavior and fix the behavior of a certain behavior, for example, stretching for a 30-year period.

Transmission of the reduction of the triviality of the skin to the episode of behavior. In the development of aggressive behavior, it is possible, for example, to reduce the triviality of the skin to the appearance of aggressive behavior.

The whole method is spared, at every hour it lasts for intervals, for example, for 3 hilini skin. I will write down for tim sposterigach, in which intervals I have drunk that chi іnshy vchinok (for example, aggressive). Information of this kind gives information about the post-behavior of behavior.

Yak allowance is the term itself, guarded in natural minds - the tse of "polovi" before, based on the guardianship for past in natural minds.

As a rule, the presenter does not get overwhelmed by the change of mind for an assessment, in addition to this, in addition to this independent change, but rather to replace it. socially think and viprobuvani stimulate podії, as they become dzherel danikh. The singing sense has all the people є nature-observers, so that the dog spasters the people in their natural environment, whether it is an airport, a supermarket, a bar for bachelors, or a theater audience. However, here it is a sign of admiration, that the splinters of being cautious are found in natural minds, and not in the laboratory, the method of scientific caution is less important than anything else.

Keeping an eye on the minds of nature includes the systematic fixation of information collected by the presenter. The misconception of carrying out such a caution can be a little dilyanka, where the feet of the people have never gone, for example. Throughout the next hour, a taboo was imposed on nature by caution in American psychology. Not long ago, it has protested to the greatest popularity, and now it is an important method of collecting tributes. To navigate in the minds of the guilty memory, but in the process of guarding in the natural minds it is necessary to determine the active and systematic results with the help of the search for the information of the foremost specialties,

Let’s admit that you’re a problem, there’s a lot of intriguing people’s life, - no behavior in the next month. Numerical legends are raised (psychologists-experimenters are even more matured before legends), but at all times people are repairing the sight of the wondrous little ones - the sounds and sounds of the word "sleepwalker".

Vipadkova information, as one has become a dwarf of young hypotheses, to talk about those who in the next month people are better off sleeping, drinking more sleep, living more alcohol, not getting excited. The police, the personnel of the clinic, "Shvidkoy Dopomogi" and the others, on the basis of robots go to the victims of unrepentant diagnoses, to inform about the increased frequency of abnormal behavior in the period of the next month, and so on and on. For some reason, one of our students, who spent the nights in a psychiatric clinic, picked up the data about those who got up at night in the wilderness from the phase of the month. The interconnection was positive, but the reason went unimportant. Mozhlvo, for the reason, the bullet is just beautiful, not in the middle of the night, illumination, so let us be sick to go to the bathroom by the bathroom, not stumbling over the pereshkodi.

Please take note of the good information about the low activity of the patients and the connection with the monthly phases, it is important to establish the operational criteria for this type of behavior. Oskіlki Quantity Attendance patsієntom toilet Mauger Buti obumovleno simple minds osvіtlenostі, neobhіdno spend bіlsh detalnі sposterezhennya for such Especially yak PROVISIONS tіla patsієnta pid hour sleep skіlki razіv vіn perevertaєtsya uvі snі, SSMSC bachit snovidіnnya and potіm spіvvіdnesti sposterezhen result of phases Mіsyatsya. All people with caution must be extremely unobtrusive, so that they do not become a mimic disturbing factor. Moreover, the dermal factor is necessary only for the sake of being able to squeeze the obviousness of the folding apparatus (I would like to mean it, but for the bagatokh the special possession is not needed in the natural minds). To write down the position of the moment before sleep, the experimenter can fix it, when the patient has developed, he can turn over from one position (for example, the gorilla) in the bottom (face down) during the night. Nichnu activity can be empirically vimiryati, standing just on the chotiri of micro-peremyakach, zdatnyh meanings of the abduction. The frequency of dreams can be changed by attaching the microsensor to the table of the dreamer for fixation shvidkikh rukhiv eyes, knitted with the intensity of dreams. To write down the value of the three wintry ones (fallow wintry ones in the whole dawn), a special table is assigned.

Even on one butt of the same type - in the minds of nature - we are now able to see it. The process of preliminaries was carried out using the additional "method of retracted leaves", in which people are added fictional sheets for converting, and to send the stench to the addressees. There are a few turns (that is, there are a number of revisions in the included leaves), for example, for other districts.

Bryson and Hamblin (Bryson, Hamblin, 1988) vikorisovyvayut a method for assessing the part of the turn of postal leaflets, which was either neutral or bad news. I respect for a small part of the turn in the fallowing type of new and from the statics of the past.

Prior to the most productive methods of advancement, the experience, specialties of information, content analysis, archives of advancement and care for the participants, the middle ones, are put forward. As the old man was guilty before, the pre-old process was formed in a row of decisions, when the old man was guilty of accepting, and obgruntuvan, because guilty was guilty. It is necessary to look at those dosages, specific nutrition, available resources and the most adequate methodology of dosages. Smart developmental methods beforehand will help you to find a solution, if you need to vibrate an experimental plan.

2. Method to experiment

The Greek philosopher Aristotle, describing the acceleration of falling objects, since then, because of the "logic", it is important to blame for the fall from greater speed, less light. From the tops of the boulder, the boulder is guilty of falling to the ground shvidshe, lower stones, to that the boulder is more important. There are a lot of people still fiddling around, but the harmony of the core is falling shvidshe, not a small lead bag, with the same factors. "The logic of a healthy deaf" is valid, but science does not match the logic of a healthy deaf. Galiley, having put on the basis of a summary of the validity of the logical application, as now know the dog of the schoolboy, who will be able to achieve the widest possible speed of falling objects. YOGO BULA PADAYUCHA BASTA in Pizi (if it were a buddy, it could be victorious with the same success, or a guess about always robbing the history of the trip and at once, through the trips, when the tourists come across

In retrospect, we can pachiti, but Galilei's experimental procedure is composed of some of the last crocs, which can be easily used with the latest information about the science of the past:

Statement of a hypothesis. Ob'kti vagi fall to the ground in one and the same shvidkistu.
Caution. Vimіryuvannya vіdnosnykh vіdnosti of falling objects іznoї wagi.
Addiction. Bully carried out a numerical watch over the objects in the wagon.

1 Formulation of the law (or models). If you are careful to confirm the hypothesis about the appearance of objects and liquids, with the stinks falling, then you can formulate the visibility of the objects.

Obviously, a whole early experiment of accelerating problems, like we will call control problems.

In the first place, Galilei Mav perekonatisya, so offense about'єkti posed a fall in one and the same mity. For example, as soon as it was violated with his hands, then the tendency to wikidat could have manifested itself more and more importantly. If we want to adapt our hypothesis, then it’s not obvious that it’s more easy to think about it. In order to control the number of problems Galilei Mig Bi construct a box with doors-membranes in order to ensure that the offense falls within the same hour. Then it is possible to create food for a shyness fall, as it lies, as the objects hit the ground first. Whenever there is an activity criterion, the presence of a third-party sposter is necessary, or spasters, as they could reliably indicate the moment of the event. The insight is important, as it could be infused into the results and the information: the infusion of atmospheric minds, for example, the support of fortune, on the falling objects. Cautiously showing that the pen falls more and more, below the bag of the same vagi. For the control of the wandering man, the support could be seen by all the doctors in the laboratory. Allegedly, Galilei's laboratory was stored at the Falling Vezh in Pizi and without any need to drain space, the design of such a vacuum chamber was not available at that hour's technology. (Tsikavo, already at our hour, we carried out a test of the speed of falling objects in a vacuum, and the results were confirmed and Galilei's warning was given.). For a change rough experiments Hours of Galilee came more happy and thoroughly vimiryuvannya, as they confirmed, that on be-as-you-like, be it smelled or smelled in small bags, when you drop in gravitational force of late changes (gravitats_yna became). The principle, on which the law is based, is called the principle of equivalence, and it is one of the basic laws that is injected into the physical body in all respects. The law of gravitation and experimentation, at the presentation of some wines of knowledge, can be seen on two levels to inspire scientific advances. First rіven - rіven of the basic caution; other rіven - learning, as well as guarding є part of the great system.

Experiments are natural, laboratory and molding. Natural experiment is characterized by insignificant changes of wicked minds, for example, new and vicious. With a whole type of experiment, it is minimally changed and the context is changed, in which case the psychologist is referred to a psychic phenomenon. Natural experiment in vivchennya, for example, emotional interdisciplinary passes in the naval class, can be used in the grafted scholars from the saint for additional leaflets. The scientist, who has taken out the maximum number of leaves, will be an efficient leader, who, having taken out the minimum number, is unbearable. The laboratory experiment leads to the development of the supreme standardization of the minds, so that it allows the maximum possible isolation of the illusion of the phenomenon, of the appearance of the small surroundings dovkilla... Yaka Form is an experiment of transferring the results into practice of the results of the previous changes, which are found in the case of some new innovations. In addition, an experiment is being seen, which is a reversal of the hypothesis about the causal infusion of a factor into the psyche, and an experiment that will establish and formulate mental processes abo functions. The skin of them has its own consistency of stages. So, the inverting experiment includes 5 stages.

1.Position of goals, establishment and hypotheses of up to date (preparation).

Methods of reading are started. An analysis of the problem is carried out, discussion of the relevance, the level of fragmentation of the problem.

Pilot Doslidzhennya - a prior analysis of any important characteristics of this vibration, which are carried out experimentally Doslidzhennya. The whole stage includes the improvement, the improvement of this methodology, as it will be given to vicoristovuvatsya in the experiment. I will clarify the goals, production, etc.

Carrying out an experimental procedure - the stench includes a number of illusions (minimum 2). Until then, they will be held in two groups.
Mathematical analysis of the data of empirical dosage.

Psychological interpretation of the results of the preliminaries. At them it is necessary to confirm the hypothesis. To be brought to the end of the day by the end of the day. It should be, like a bullet, a new director, in order to get a recommendation.

An experiment, such as the formation of mental processes behind the additional establishment of external minds and the control of the youngest possible injections, includes steps:

Setting goals, hypotheses, management. Tsei stage includes an analytical survey of the conduct of the preliminaries in thi region, as a presenter for the clarification of the fact that there was no more unopened and unsuccessful vivchennya. On the basis of the analysis will be the hypothesis, the goal, the prescription of the preliminaries.
Analysis of methods, techniques, preparation of experimental tests for injection and control.
Conducted a constitutive experiment, wines of straightening on those, for fixing the vyh_dnyy development, for tricking the psychologist's functions. Tsey stage is carried out for additional tests.
Yaka Formє An experiment of straightening on trenuvannya, viroblennya, formuvannya be-like navichik, like-non-psychic functions.
A control experiment of straightening on vivchennya quietly changing psychic functions, yak, ymovirno, tied for carrying out navchannya.

6.Mathematical analysis of danikh and psychologicheskie visnovka.

In the experimental psychology, one should learn about the experiment. Naybils often see offensive.

Laboratory - is carried out in special, often piece minds, with the help of seeing the so-called "pure" change, with an obligatory control and reestablishment of the infusion of all minds and factors, including the secondary ones. Classical butts of experiments in the introspection method can serve as experiments carried out in the laboratory of V. Wundt and his last post, with the victorious methods of active prevention - in the laboratories of I. P. Pavlova, V. M. Bekhterev and I.

Natural (polovium) is an experiment conducted in natural minds. Before you can see it, you can make an experiment if you yourself are a participant in the experiment.
The traditional experiment is the transfer of a change to one change to the restoration.
The factor experiment is the transfer of the change to the decile of the winter.
Pilot experiment - carried out in vipadkas, if the region of homelessness is reached, and the system of hypotheses for the day.
A virtual experiment is to be carried out, if there are two competing hypotheses, you need to vibrate one.
The control experiment is to be carried out with the method of recalculating whether there is a deposit.
Yaka Formu (navchalny) experiment - is carried out very importantly in differential psychology, psychology of specialness, and educational and pedagogical psychology. Methods for the implementation of the nobility, the formulation of special features, design, development, testing and implementation of effective forms of education and training, psychoconsultation, psychocorrectional injection, etc.

Vidіlenі vіdіvіdіvnіv not іn іsolated and caught up with the classification, won’t finish it smart, like і be-yaka іnsha. Some types of experiments can be provid, vis-à-vis the initial, and they can be victorious in the capacity of pre-existing ones, entering into the backward paradigm of psychological thought.

3. The main characteristics of the experiment

Empirical dosage є one of the kinds of doslidzhenya, which is a victorious dosage of praise.

EXPERIMENT as a method of psychological awareness of transferring actively the presenter into the life of a vivid mind, in which a psychological fact appears. Overwhelming the experiment є: the position of the sposter is active, the ability to repeat, is strictly controlled and carried out. Until the shortage of minds, there is a great vitrati for the control of significant officials.

EXPERIMENT as a method to form in New Hour at the link with the burly development of natural science. The new hour is a period of formation of natural-scientific paradigms. Bilya of turns in the tradition of reconverting theoretical problems with an additional (experimental) path by G. Galiley. Galilei's robots have taken a turn in science: from the idea of Galilei's architecture to the idea of mathematization. Idea of the "order" of speeches: dermal riches, dermal objects are in their own place in the geographic "order". Another idea was deyaku the opposite position of the objects, which appeared to be paroded and numbered. Tsia dumka to become a change of mind to the experiment, to which the experiment depends on the imaging procedures. The experiment, from one side, looks like an empirical (complementary) method, from the same, - like the logic of the world before the old man (on the way of the world according to the rules).

In nautsi order with empirichnym vikorystovu A clear experiment for a reason, and not with a real object and an assessment of the power of an object, not vdajutsya to a real predictable relationship. R. Gottsdanker Such an experiment is known as ideal, in general. As a matter of fact, the experiment is carried out in the course of a pre-past interconnection, admitting a kind of "inappropriateness". An empirical (additional) experiment includes a clear insight, an assessment, and a little more than the initial mind of the experiment.

A clear experiment is a plan and a plan for a presenter who asks a head for the experiment. In such a rank, empirical and empirical experimentation is how to stand up, so to look at one-on-one in real life.

An empirical experiment (from the definition of explicit forms of planning) to the ear of more empirical procedures in accordance with the standards of scientific advice. For this purpose, the experiment has been carried out in all its work, it is guilty of being responsible for it according to the standards. The term "normative" characterizes the whole science and culture as a whole, for example, for those who do not know what people do not know. The standards of professional misdirection are not obeyed by the rules of the trivial misdirection, and only one piece is to be built. It should be borne in mind that these are the norms of the overindividual, people and development in science, and not in the activity of one people. The standards of the scientific targeting are tse vіdrefleksuati, the system of pre-slіdnitsky methods is ordered, how to summarize the structure of the subject.

Find our eksperimentalnoї nastupnі paradigms: 1) analіtichny pіdhіd, vikoristannya zmіnnih, 2) porіvnyalny pіdhіd, rozglyad experiental efektіv yak naslіdkіv faktorіv reasons, kontrolovanih doslіdnikom, 3) control of vivedennyam about vpliv doslіdzhuvanogo factor on psihіku, otsіnka mozhlivostі vіdkinuti abo priynyati psihologіchnu gіpotezu.

All the same, I will summarize the formulation of the standards of psychological dosage as a scientific dosage. Science, behind the words of M.K. Mamardashvili, it’s worth it, why should a man be put as if it were to a greater extent, not guilty himself, and how he would be overcome by chaos, a fall and a loss of a perplexed, perplexed life, from the spirits of an end to himself

An experiment to revise the hypothesis about regularities, structures, causal and inherited symptoms (fallow). Abundance and infusion are the words that will be used for the experiment. The experiment of transmitting the establishment of such sounds, which does not sound vaguely, is repeated, and also includes the injection of one element into the sound.

The standard of experimental dosage is also based on the understanding of "experimenting" in a broad and high school sense. In a wide sense of experimentation, it represents the origin of the minds, the core of the minds of the past. In the university's sense of experimentation, it includes a re-adjustment of causal hypotheses - a pretense about causal-inherited links.

Wundt's experiment with a whole range of motivations on the dualistic theory of the new parallelism of the psychic and physiological. This methodical principle formed the basis of the experimental methodology and gave rise to the first steps of experimental psychology.

An experimental technique soon began to pave the way. The last stage was put together in the last report by G. Ebbingauz about the memory (div. Rozdil about the memory). The substitution of that vivchati viklyuly spivvіdnoshennya mіzh physical protagonists, physiological processes and subordinate manifestations of witness, Ebbingauz directing the experiment to the vіvchennya protіkannya himself psychological process in singing ob'ktivny minds.

Vinikliy in the near-cordon area of psychophysics and psychophysiology; an experiment in psychology for the time being, having become involved in all the elementary processes of seeing to other psychic processes; There is a lot of bread and butter in this region because of the very nature of the experiment. As a result of the development of a physiological follower of a physiological follower and of a mental process that is suspected of being responsible for the development of the regularities of the psychic processes themselves in the singing minds. The most important reasons for physical facts have become the minds of the mental process. An experiment of transitions to the creation of internal laws. With a quiet priest and a leading rank for the rest of the rock an experiment by taking even more of a versatile form and a wider concentration in the very different areas of psychology - in the psychology of home psychology and in the psychology of the child. At a number of actions from new experiments, one is aware of the great rigor of the method; for the simplicity, vitality and accuracy of the results in the stench, we do not compromise on learning, we use such mature experimental sciences as, for example, physics.

A number of chapters of modern psychology can still creep into the exact experimental data. Especially rich in them is the psychology of a child.

Three mirkuvannyas were hanging against the laboratory experiment. involved:

) On the pieceiness of the experiment,

) On the analyticity and abstractness of the experiment

) To accelerate the role of the experimenter.

The peculiarity of the experiment, because of the distance from life, will not be deprived of them, but in the experiment they try to speed up their minds, how to develop in life situations. The experiment is a piece of cake, deprived of the splinters in the new vipadayut for the delightful manifestation of mind. So, the experiments of G. Ebbingauz with non-glazed material є piece, some of the stink does not hurt the sound of words, but in a large number of ways the robot plays the role of the robot. Yakby theory of memory of Ebbingauz is correct in the sense of the word, i.e. Yakbi is not a mechanical repetition, purely associative calls were the beginning of the creation, Ebbingauz's experiments were not bulletproof. The essence of the experiment on the basis of a simple caution is not to start with a piece of minds, in which wines are violated, but in the presence of the experimenter in the process. To that, the pieceness of the traditional laboratory experiment needs to be added to the middle of the experimental method.

The view of the analytical and abstractness of the bulwark in the meaning of the world of power in laboratory experiments. An experiment to start thinking about the process of being isolated, in the middle of one singing system of minds. rozkrittya interlocking new functions and changes in the development of the laws of the passage of mental processes in the process of additional methodical work. Їх deliver genetic and pathological methods. Dali, the experiment in psychology is carried out in the minds of the minds, far from quiet, in which the practicality of the people is practical. So, as a rule, as the experiment was rocked, it was even more out of the ordinary, abstract character, then the stench did not give the ability to organize human performance for organizing human performance in a viral practice, or a pedagogical process. The attempt to supplement these abstract regularities to practice is often reimagined in mechanically transferring the results, which are taken off in some minds, on the other, not very often. The abstractness of the psychologic experiment was driven by the new methodical approach for the development of practical workers.

Even more foldable and important є feeding from the experimenter to the viprobuvan. For a little more time, it’s difficult to find out at the touch of the cymbals, because it’s difficult to get away with the inexperienced input of the experimenter and the experiment, so that the situation itself, and not without the mediocrity of the experimenter’s handing out. However, if an experiment on the very sutta of its own depends on the experiment without prioritizing or alternating it, then the nutrition of the field is not a matter of the fact that it’s injected with the flow, but it’s because it’s right.

When evaluating and glaring the results of the experiment, it is necessary to specifically identify and replace the test to the experimental staff and the experimenter. It is necessary, because the behavior of the tested person in the experiment is not an automatic reaction, but a concrete manifestation of specialness, as I will set my position to the point of navkolishny. The price of the relationship is based on behavior and experimentation.

Clown by experiment in psychology, it’s impossible to forget that, if the experimenter’s involved, I’m injecting psychic manifestations, at the same time inevitably appears and as a kind of corny, altogether awkward, I’m injected into the experience. Particularly important is the value of nabuv in vivchennі psychologії child. Wono imposing on vikorystannya experiment, for which you can not help but rakhuvatisya. It is also necessary for mothers on the basis of respect, for the tribute, rejected in the experimental situation, that they can be correct, only taken in the context of the minds, in whatever stench is rejected. In order to correctly interpret the results of a psychological experiment, it is necessary to make the experiment with a pre-experimental situation, and with the minds of all the minds, the development of the given people and the interpretation of the experiment without any prior experience.

I will look at everything, it is necessary:

) To re-do the experiment from the middle, to add more detail to the traditional experiment;

) Complement the experiment with methodical methods. For the first time, the building is quiet:

) Introduce methodical options, such as intermediate forms and experiments and precautions, and other additional methods.

A kind of experiment, as it is a bi-industrial form that can be guarded by an experiment, є the method of the so-called natural experiment, the proponation of O.F. Lazursky.

Yogo, the main tendency to unite the experience of 'awareness of the nature of minds is even more valuable and significant. The same tendency in Lazurskiy's method of natural experiment is realized in this way: with the method of natural experiment experimental injection be mindful, in which the opposite is true, the very activity of vyprobuvanny is promoted in the її natural protection.

For example, in front of the analysis, the significance of the new objects of school science emerges, it is injected into the manifestation of the quiet mental processes of the child, which can then be implanted in the natural minds of the school robotics from this subject. For, in front of you, to stand up, in such a group it is especially easy to manifest that kind of rice character; Then, with the help of vivchennya, show the rice in the young children the stench to get the stench before it is given to the gru. In the process of the process, the glimpse of the glorious spirit is spontaneous in the minds of nature. Instead of translating it into a laboratory mind, it’s getting wet and thinking of nature, so it’s possible to think about it. In every mind, the processes are promoted in their natural interruption, without any involvement from the side of the experimenter.

A.F. Lazurskiy is unique in a bezposrednogo infusion on a child in the interests of "naturalness". Ale in the activity of the child is to develop in the minds of the vikhovannya and navchannya, i.e., the singing rank of organizated inflow into the new one. Dottrimannya of natural minds to the development of that is not vimagaє the asylum be-like vzagalі. Injection, prompted by the type of pedagogical process, whole natural. Introduced into the experiment, realizuyuchi such a rank new version of the "natural" experiment, which is guilty, on our thought, occupy the central place in the methodology of psychological and pedagogical child's thought.

The system of basic psychological methods, in its own way, allows the visibility of the wiklici, as before her, it is built up in its main lankas. At the tsіy orієntovnoy characteristics of the methods of danі, obviously, deprived of the framework. The skin method, which is actually a valid method of scientific advice, is guilty of being the result of the reading. It’s not a form, it’s not a form, it’s not just a technical approach. Win transferring knowledge of real deposits: physical - physical, in psychology - psychological.

The reflexological method in physiology, which serves as a way of physiological education, by providing incentives for the forefront display and improvement of reflexes; win and result and because of the development of the laws of reflex activity - a combination of the result and less of a reason; in the same way, the associative experiment is spiraling to the top of the associativity.

To that, the dermal psychological discipline has its own methodology, I will take into account the methodology of the others; Methods of Psychology of Creation of Men from the Methods of Psychology of People: The Fall of Self-Guarding, and Reconstruction of the Methods. І skin skin problem has its own special methodology, which is designated for її vivchennya. In connection with the meaning of the subject of psychology, there are only the basic types of methods and the basic principle that inspire.

4. Assessment of the quality of psychological experiment

The specifics of the experiment as a method of psychological awareness of the field is in the fact that a piece situation is developed in a new way, in which the power of being seen, appears and perceived to be found. The main reason for the experiment is that it allows one to do it, but not all other methods, to learn about the causal and inherited connections of the pre-juvenile phenomenon with the other phenomena, to scientifically explain the appearance of the phenomenon. However, it is not easy to organize and conduct a reference, which will explain to all people a psychological experiment on practical training, it is not easy for them to develop more and more methods in science.

We do not have enough time to apply to all the methods beforehand, we will start on self-control, that is, we will work on the basis of new and behavioral controlled reactions. Є two main types of experiments: natural and laboratory. One form of one stench is perceived by them, so they allow the psychology and behavior of people in their minds, whether they are close to reality. The natural experiment is organized and carried out in the wicked minds of life, the deexperimenter is practically not involved in the journey, when they see it, they are looking at it, as it stinks on its own.

Laboratory experiment of transferring the origin of the individual situation, in which the power can be more beautifully vivified. The Dani, gained in the natural experiment, most beautifully suggest the typical living behavior of the individual, the real psychology of people, but do not depend on the experimenter's ability to strictly control the level of power in all those who are not in power. The results of the laboratory experiment, navpaki, play in accuracy, but instead step in the steps of naturalness - the form of life.

The main features of the experiment, such as zooming in on his strength, polarizing in the offensive.

) In the experiment, the presenter himself was victorious until he was able to see him, to replace that chekati, as with active caution, as long as the vague urge of appearances to deliver him the power of his sposter.

) May the possibility of a victorious manifestation, the experimenter may be able to make a mistake, in case of something else, replace that one, as with a simple caution, the brothers are such as they are delivering to them.

) The insoluble minds and changes, one of them, while being spared by the invincible ones, the experiment itself will reveal the significance of the minds and will establish regular connections that will start to hear the process. The experiment, in such a rank, is even tighter and methodical in order to reveal the laws.

) When you see the regularities between the appearances, the experimenter can not only think about it in the sense of the manifestation, but at the same time, but also at the same time. As a result of the experiment, it is possible to admit a mathematical formula for some regularities. In the basic experiment, natural science has come to see the laws of nature.

Basically, the development of a psychological experiment for a field is in the fact that it is accessible for an active developmental caution and a hundred features of the internal mental process. For the whole it is necessary, in a varied manner, to avoid the call of the internal psychologic zmist... The head of the experimental variation of minds during psychological experimentation is the first for everything in the fact that the correctness of one psychological interpretation is correct, for all, including the possibility of all others.

5. The specifics of the organization of the experimental process

Psychological dosage - the price is foldable bagatoetapna before the robot, Yaka, you can include in itself the following methods: Non-experimental (sparing, beside, etc.); experiment; psychodiagnostic routine (vimiryuvannya). It has already been indicated that the main method of reconsideration of causal hypotheses (about causal and inherited psychologic problems and problems) is (diagnostics) facts, take the necessary empirical data, as it is not possible to interpret and analyze with the help of other methods, due to the fact that At the same hour in the procedures of conducting the experiment and the psychological situation of a lot of spiritual moments. І summіnniy prelіdnik, carrying out psychological routine, pragne in the smallest world to bring the minds of their conduct to the experimental ones.

In addition, in a wide variety of ways, they look at the procedural specialties of the experiment and the psychological situation, and the deprivation of deprivation in the moments that are important for them.

The basic rules and vimogues, which are presented before the experiment, are guilty of vitrimuating and during the psychological situation.

The presenter (experimenter) is guilty of the necessary professional and special yokes: Obviously and intelligently, intelligently establishing the knowledge, good nobility, the procedure for experimenting (providing) and the rules of its conduct, using the methods of processing data and evaluating the results, taking control of the existing ones, as well as sufficient comradeship

Experimental psychological advances may be great and useful both for psychological science itself, as well as for practical development of psychological features of pre-social vibrancy.

Psychological experiment allows viciousness only those psychic processes that lead to either theoretical education, or polish, correction in a particular specialty, not at that moment, if it stinks at a time.

A strong activation of mental processes allows for the effective restoration of the results of the effectiveness of the test, in order to complement the requirements for all the calls for

The experimenter, in the form of an experiment, thinks about the experiment, pouring into the interruption of the activation of mental processes, learning into the singing world of cheruvati with them, encouraging them from the other sides and more glimpse of the mind.

The experiment gives the ability to display psychological phenomena not only from the side of the self-consciousness, but also to evaluate them, to look on the other side, vicariously, the apparatus of mathematical and statistical analysis.

Stavlyachi rіznih doslіdzhuvanih in protsesі psihologіchnogo eksperimentu in odnakovі minds dіyalnostі, sposterіgayuchi at tsomu manifest їh psihіchnih characteristics i reєstruyuchi vіdpovіdnі pokazniki can otrimati porіvnyannі empіrichnі danі, SSMSC dopomagayut poglibiti uyavlennya about dіapazon mozhlivih Change log, viyaviti cause-naslіdkovі zv'yazki doslіdzhuvanih psihіchnih fenomenіv.

Naybіlsh prices інні іnіtіnіyut with repeated experimental-psychological preliminaries, and more in the course of longitudinal doslіdzhenny. The stench allows, from one side, to clarify the results, and from the bottom - to identify the day-to-day interconnections, tendencies, regularities in the development of the illicit quality. Globoke, on a large-scale psychological preliminaries, including the developmental methods of preliminaries: psychological predictions, laboratory experiments, or polovy (i.e., it is carried out in individual or natural minds), traditional experiments (one-to-one) an experiment (if the area of incapacitation of a homelessness and a system of hypotheses for a daytime), a virtual, control, like a form (initial) experiment, a psychological (psychodiagnostic) conversation, and in.

Experimental psychological preliminaries can be carried out not only for the help of special apparatuses, tables, forms, but at the sight of psychological information from questionnaires, examiners, tests, self-testimonials, examiners. That is why the term "possession" is used for experimental psychological awareness as for the purpose of providing special equipment, as well as a second world and specially designed tables, forms, and optometrists.

They also develop equipment and blanks for experimental psychological reports, which can be individual and group ones.

To carry out a psychological experiment is called a pre-glider (experimenter), a person (or an individual), who is an object of a preschool, is a viprobuvanim (mi).

The order of the meaningful positive moments, the psychological experiment has a number of peculiarities, such as the success of the situation. Far from all mental phenomena are easy to activate and vivify in the minds of a laboratory. So, fewer of them are given to laboratory vaccination free specialties, More rice in character, interest and directness of people.

The results of a psychological experiment with a meaningful world lie in the form of a stage until a new viprobud. For all the mystery of the experimenter, do not expect to spontaneously demonstrate all your health in the experiment, put yourself to the end with sufficient interest. That is why the psychologist, when designing and conducting the experiment, is guilty of surviving all visits so that we can comprehend it for the viprobuvanny and stimulate the vyprobuvanny to the most beautiful project.

The preschooler of the goiter is dependent on memory, but after the results of one psychological experiment, it is unwise to judge whether it is any kind of specialness, so as if it were presumed to be infused into the results of the experiment, it is necessary to inject psychology of particularity. Otzhe, visnovki about the development of singing psychotic features of the need for work on the presentation of a number of developmental experiments, skin from which active experiment, psychodiagnostic routine.

Quite a few of the laboratory psychological experiments are those who, in a different kind of activity, have grown and the psychological structure of pre-sentient mental processes. For example, I respect being able to live in the laboratory, and respecting scientists in the class of those who work in the process of their activity - it is far from the same psychic manifestation.

It is necessary to remember that the results of the psychological experiment lie in education, cultural development, special knowledge, everyday and professional experience. The mechanic interpretation of the materials gained as a result of the experiment (especially with the methods aimed at improving the performance, misleading, and specialties) is inadmissible.

When conducting a psychological experiment, it is necessary to include a number of backward positions.

All at once vivchit is not possible. Ask for the demand of the nobility, yak psychological quality In this given, the most recent sawing and background images are displayed. The order of the number of psychic pleasures of a person is not much more important than the method of experimental psychological development, as if the number of mental different relationships one by one. Therefore, it is necessary to interpret and interpret their results and to establish them with the data of these methods. Tse reach on the basis of knowledge of the basics of psychology and accumulation of information about the development of new methods.

Otrimanіkіlkіsnі indications of guilt are additionally updated and specified by the data of caution and inconsistency. Without being spared for an hour to experiment and indiscriminate indicators, they can be irrelevant.

Evaluation of the same psychic quality on the basis of a one-time experiment carried out can be a pomilkovoy one. Especially not safe arrangement for a one-time experiment, which showed either negative or low quality.

The leather experimenter, having examined a number of individuals, in the process of accumulating suspicion is guilty of choosing the necessary methods, analyzing and establishing how to be cautious in the course of the experiment, such as some of the given indicators of the skin method,

Conducting experimental psychological studies to identify the peculiarities of the dynamic dynamics of the psychologist, a good knowledge of the peculiarities and regularities of the development of the psyche of the given vik.

Experimental psychological preliminaries (experimentation, psychodiagnostics) must be carried out in friendly minds. Piddoslidnі mali bootie in the bad'oromu stanі, vispatisya, vіdpochili. Naybіlsh pleasant hour until the end of the day - wounds, in two years or so, let’s go, even if there are any important news; If it’s okay, if it’s viprobuvanny slept badly, then the experiment is more beautiful than the power.

The uvaga of the viprobuvanny maє buti is again adhered to the vikonannya zavdannya; If, for example, it appeared that at the time of the last time he was intensely worried through his chief, special failures or inappropriateness, then the experiment should also be transferred to the last hour.

It is even more important to dilute in viprobuvanny seriozne, to redress the spokіyne staging to the experiment. The requirement to unicate everything that could b hvilyuvati viprobuvanogo, viklicati in new zyve emotsiyne zbujennya, so negatively infused on the go of the experiment. Apparently, the mind can be systematically destroyed, as the subject of vivcheniya є the steps of emotional zeal, in the mind of self and the special features of the emotional-volova sphere.

At the viprobuvanny (to navigate with the help of proforma tion, or to see it), it is not guilty to open a thought, as the result of the experiment "to lay his share". At the same hour, it is necessary, that he is guilty of all the decisions that are made, that the experiments are carried out to help assess the particularity of their health.