Estonia:

In Estonia, it is planned to fence people with the names of the children of the country - the people of the land cannot call themselves any of their children with such names, such as "Partnership with an Interconnected Promptness", "Parliament", "Volition" and.

(Bukret D.)

(Roman Smirniy)

Zakhidna Europe

Zakhidna Europe is a dynamic region of the sacred government, which is characterized by the specificity of international economics. Vona is united on 24 land. The territory of Western Europe can be divided into 4 groups:

Great powers (France, Spain, Switzerland, Nimechchina, Finland, Norway, Italy, Great Britain);

· Middle powers (Iceland, Greece, Portugal, Ireland, Austria);

· Small powers (Dania, Belgium, Netherlands, Switzerland);

· Minor powers (Andorra, Malta, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, SANMARIN, Monaco, Vatican).

Zagalna square Western Europe 3.9 million sq. km. Population size perevischuє 375 million people.

Zakhidna Europe as a central region will come to the first place in the state government for the sizes of industrial and agricultural production, for the export of goods and services, for reserves of gold and currency, and for the promotion of tourism. The peculiarity of Europe in the international sector of practice (MTP) is the development of industry (mechanical engineering, chemical and electrical industry). Zakhidna Europe is growing in a high level of development of integration processes.

GDP per capita, USD USA, 2009 r

Austria 32849

Andorra 31715

Belgium 30500

Great Britain 30905

Nimechchina 27905

Gibraltar 40948

Dania 31564

Ireland 34455

Iceland 32091

Spain 24859

Italy 26008

Liechtenstein

Luxembourg 57125

Malta 19502

Netherlands 31769

Norway 39756

Portugal 18880

San Marino 25303

Finland 30965

France 29020

Switzerland 36202

Shvetsia 30815

Austria

Square of Austria- 83,900 sq. km

the capital of Austria- Everyday

Head of the place- Graz, Salzburg, Linz, Klagenfurt, Insbruck

Groshova odinitsya- Euro population of Austria- 8.1 million Cholovik

movi austria- nimetsky religiya- Catholicism, Lutheranism

GDP of Austria

memorials of Austria :

memorials of the Week
St. Stephen's Cathedral (Weekday)
Schönbrunn Castle - the pride of the beauty of the week
Legendary hotel Sacher 5 * (Відень)
monuments of Salzburg
Alpi: don't just burn

Long ago Austria is famous their girskolizhny resorts. Austria viroble light wines and close to 11% red wine, most of which are suggested by high vimogam and excellent table wines.

Andorra

Andorri square- 468 sq. km

capital of Andorri- Andorra la Vella (Andorra)

Head of the place- Escaldes, encamp, San Julia de Loria, Massana

Groshova odinitsya- Euro

population of Andorri- 66.8 yew. Osib

movi Andorri- Catalan (official), Spanish, French

religiya- Catholicism Andorri GDP- $ 19,000 per capita

Andorra is the land of supermarkets and tourists. Andorra is full of korisnі kopalini.

Belgium

Belgia square- 30,528 sq. km

capital of Belgium- Brussels

Head of the place- Antwerp, Bruges, Ghent, Liege, Charleroi

Groshova odinitsya- Belgian franc

population of Belgium- 10.2 million Cholovik

Movi Belgium- Flemish, French, Nimetsky

religiya- Catholicism, Protestantism

Belgium GDP- $ 22,920 per capita

Belgium is made up of two parts - pivnichnoy Flanders, which speak mostly in Dutch language, and pivdenniy Walloon, as the will of mova is French. one of the most significant types of metal products and textiles.

Vatican

Plaza Vatican- 0.44 sq. km

capital of the Vatican- dumb, zvazhayuchi on the specifics of the state

Head of the place- mute, similar Groshova odinitsya- Euro

population of the Vatican- 1 yew. Cholovik mayut official community (all living 2.5 thousand) Movy to the Vatican- Latin, Italian

religiya- Catholicism

memorials to the Vatican :

memorials to Rome
St. Peter's Cathedral - Catholic sanctuary
Vatican Museum - Sistine Chapel

The Vatican yak state isnuє not so long ago - since 1929. Ale tse - official. And the residence of Pope Rimsky is here historically. A large number of tourists who arrived at the Vatican, take a meal right in Sistine chapel... Її stele of drawings for young Michelangelo.

Great Britain

UK area- 256,000 sq. km

Capital of Great Britain- London

Head of the place- Glasgow, Edinburgh, Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham, Sheffield, Leads, Bristol, Belfast, Cardiff

Groshova odinitsya- pound sterling

population of Great Britain- 60.4 million Cholovik

Move Great Britain- English religiya- Anglicanism, Catholicism

UK GDP- $ 22 800 per capita

Machinery and transport, industrial comrades and chemists є the main articles of the export of the Great Britain. virobition outer fabrics Great Britain be one of the leading leaders.

Nimechchina

Nimechchini square- 357,000 sq. km

capital of Nimechchin- Berlin

Head of the place- Hamburg, Frankfurt am Main, Munich, Cologne, Essen, Dortmund, Stuttgart, Dusseldorf, Dresden, Bremen, Duisburg, Leipzig, Hanover

Groshova odinitsya- Euro

population of Nimechchin- 82 million Cholovik

movi Nimechchini- nimetsky religiya- Catholicism, Protestantism

GDP of Nimechchini- $: 25,500 per capita

Memo Nimechchini :

Berlin memo
Grand hotel The Regent 5 * (Berlin)
memorials of Cologne
monuments of Munich
Nymphenburg - the largest in Bavaria
"Hofbräuhaus" - the most famous pub
Beer Festival "Oktoberfest"
memorials of Dresden
memorials of Hamburg
Linderhof castle - bavarska perlina
Neuschwanstein - the lure of the self-flowing swan
Zapovidna Saxon Switzerland
Frauenkirche church in Munich
Alpi: don't just burn

Nimechchina industrial the country has been developed... The main halls of industry are machine-building, electrical, chemical, automobile and ship-building, kam'yanovugilna. on virobition milk for milk

Gibraltar

1. Area: 6.5 km

2. population 29 yew. 257 chol. (2007)

3. Main people: Gibraltars (sites of Genoese, English, Spanish, Maltese, Portuguese and In.) - 81%, British 9.3%, Inozems 7%

4. Derzhavna mova: English (extended also Spanish, Portuguese, іtalіysku movi)

5. Sovereign harmony- parliamentary democracy, autonomous government of Great Britain

6. Head of state- British monarch

7. The head of the governing body- prime minister

Gibraltar - only one place in Europe, de live the wild mavpi - magoti. Galuzeva structure of economy by occupation: sphere of services - 60%, industry - 40%. On the territory of development, the tourist industry, banking and financial information, shipbuilding and ship repair services.

Kingdom of Dania

Dania area- 43,092 sq. km

the capital of Dania- Copenhagen

Head of the place- Aarhus, Odense, Aalborg, Esbjerg, Randers, Kolding

Groshova odinitsya- Danish krone

population of Dania- 5.3 million Cholovik

movi dania- Danish, Nimetsky

religiya- Lutheranism, Catholicism

Dania GDP- $ 35 100 per capita

memorials of Dania : Memories of Copenhagen
Hamlet's castle: last in Denmark
Dania for children - "Tivoli" and "Legoland"

Dania is an industrial-agrarian land with a high level of development. A part of industry in the national income is more than 40%. The country is at the first place in the world for a large amount of trade turnover per capita.

The main export comrades: machine-building products, meat and meat products, dairy products, riba, medicines, furniture.

Providnі galuzі: metalworking, mechanical engineering (especially electrical and radioelectronic), kharchova, chemical, cellulose-filling, textile. The Silskoe state government has a role to play in providing meat and dairy products. Loan date 7 months in the world for the livestock of pigs - 25 million, of which 87% for export.

Ireland, or the Irish Republic

Irlandia area- 70 300 sq. km

the capital of Ireland- Dublin

Head of the place- Cork, Limerick, Trali, Dan-Leri, Waterford, Sligo, Goluey

Groshova odinitsya- Euro

population of Ireland- 3.8 million Cholovik

Movy Ireland- Irish, English (offense to official)

religiya- Catholicism Ireland GDP- $ 21,000 per capita

memorials of Ireland : Tantalizing Newgrange: Fairy Barrow

Ireland is small, and it is the only land in the world, and the population in our days is less than two years ago. Only 4.2 million cholovik. Until the earliest XXI century, the key galuzy of the economy of Ireland є: pharmaceuticals, medical ownership, information and multimedia technologies.

Iceland

Area of ​​Iceland- 103,300 sq. km

capital of Iceland- Reyk'avik

Head of the place of Iceland- Akureyri, Husavik, Keflavik, Siglyufyurdyur

Groshova odinitsya- Icelandic crown

population- 278 yew. Cholovik

Movy Iceland- Icelandic (sovereign)

religiya- Protestantism

Icelandic GDP- $ 25,000 per capita

memorials of Iceland : Memoirs of Iceland
Resort and Spa-complex Blue Lagoon (Iceland)

The main source of income is ribalism and ribbons. v the rest of the rock Intensive diversification of the industrial sector is based on cheap new energy (mainly geothermal energy and hydroenergy). The ryad of Iceland voiced about the large-scale program of construction of aluminum factories.

Kingdom of Spain

The area of ​​Spain- 504 782 sq. km

capital of Spain- Madrid

Head of the place- Barcelona, ​​Sevilla, Malaga, Valencia, Zaragoza, Murcia, Bilbao, Palma, Cordova, Cartagena, Cadis

Groshova odinitsya- Euro

population of Spain- 40.5 million Cholovik

Move Іspanії- spanska

religiya- Catholicism

GDP of Spain- $ 15,117 per capita

Nadra Іspanії grows with cinnamon copalins. Particularly significant are the reserves of metal ores, the genera of which are tied to the stocks of the warehouse. Nearly 40% of the share capital falls on a part of the 8 largest Spanish financial and industrial and banking groups.

Republica Italiana

Італії area Vidviduvan - 301,300 sq. km

capital of Italy- Rome

Head of the place- Naples, Mila, Bari, Turin, Palermo, Florence, Venice, Bologna, Genoa, Troyest Groshova odinitsya- Euro

population of Італії- 58 million Cholovik

movi italiiї- Italian

religiya- Catholicism

GDP of Італії- $ 20 270 per capita

Head of state- President of Italy.

vikonavchu vladaі Uryad ocholyu Head For the sake of ministries of Italy.

Competitive and reach the creative middle class. Set the fashion in the world of light in the design, production and production of fashion and technology. ITALY not just a great party fluffed wine, ale and superbly great number of marks.

Liechtenstein

Liechtenstein Square- 160 sq. km

capital Liechtenstein- Vaduz

Head of the place- Shan, Trezen, Mauren, Gaflay

Groshova odinitsya- Swiss franc

population of Liechtenstein- 34 yew. Cholovik

move Liechtenstein- Nimetskiy (sovereign), Allemane dialect of Nimetskiy movi

religiya- Catholicism, Protestantism

GDP Liechtenstein- $ 23,000 per capita

Vyrobnitstvo high-current attachments, optics, microprocessor technology, completing for space companions. The Silske State Dignity specializes in the main meat and dairy products based on pastoral food production (75% of the Silskoe Gospodar products). Grow grain crops, potatoes and vegetables. Wine-making is traditionally rozvinenno. Before the gir'ya and the lower gir was occupied by gardens and vineyards. Three varieties of grapes are used to make high-quality wines.

Luxembourg be famous beautiful vineyards, which grow in the valley of the Moselle river. Wines produced in the whole region are becoming popular in the United States.

And yet Luxembourg be famous smoked sausages, which, it seems, were delivered to the table of the members of the Politburo "ridnoi"

Malta- a small island in the Seredzemny sea, located in the Italian, and the island of Sicily itself. Malta be famous with our Mediterranean climate, bright blue sea, caressing sun. Malta The gold-silver center of the Mediterranean ta be famous my filigree.

Being a light tourism center, Monaco , be famous a great number of exhibitions held here, festivals and other visits of both European and international rivnya. in addition to Monaco be famous high quality of service in restaurants, how to rob the place of the free Mediterranean capital of gourmets.

Netherlands- the best exporter in the world, siru, i, persh for everything, glorify his Gaud and Edamsky sirs. Netherlands- the land of tulips, winds and bicycles;

smut, nіzh be famous Norway- ce fiordi. From the point of view of geography, the fiord є vuzky, zvivistic and gliboko incisions into the land of the sea inflow with skeletal shores. Norway be famous in the first place, I have my sea fishing tackle with a guaranteed catch.

Portugal be famous with his wine, romantic balads in the style of "fado", vishukanoy cuisine, cork plantations and his national hero - football player Krishtianu Ronaldo.

San -Marino be famous with their glances, festivals, performances, theatrical performances and cultural visits, which more than once brought respect to the public and international presi. San -Marino- one of the "capital" of Italian sales, and the price is added here tsiliy rik. be famous San -Marino your pastry virobs.

Finland be famous, Persh for everything, to protect himself with his own nature, his rivers and lakes. Kava in fіnski, abo Finland be famous not only Joulupukki. Finland- a dazzling land, as it is associated with a wonderful ribalka, and with the most pure lakes.

France... French wine is famous throughout the world. The other, for whom the country is famous in all its sights, is the subject of grub companionship, the tse sir.

Switzerland be famous development of cuisine. Glory to the whole world Swiss sira and chocolate, ale kozhen region of celebrities with its special chic: perch from Lake Geneva .. Switzerland be famous with your locks.

Shvetsia be famous Riznomanitnistyu Ribi, without water, as well as the purity and idyllic nature. Shvetsia be famous for the whole world with their skloduvami and sklovar.

municipal zagalnoosvitnya school № 24

BY GEOGRAPHIS

topic: KRAYNI ZAKHIDNO EUROPI

Consultant: Sonich G.F.

uchnya 10 "A" class

Yuza Andriya

1. Introduction ............................................... ............................ side 12

2. Norway ............................................... ............................ side 2 - 3

3. Sweden ............................................... ............................ .. p. 3 - 4

4. Finland ............................................... ......................... p. 4

5. Dania ............................................... ............................... .. p. 5

6. Iceland ............................................... ............................ side 5 - 6

7. Great Britain ............................................... ................... side 6 - 7

8. Ireland ............................................... ............................ side 7 - 8

9. Netherlands ............................................... ......................... page 8

10. Belgium ............................................... ............................ p. 8 - 9

12. France ............................................... ......................... ..p. 9 - 10

12. Switzerland ............................................... ...................... pp. 10 - 11

13. Austria ............................................... ......................... p. 11 - 12

14. Nimechchina ............................................... ...................... ... p. 12 - 13

15.Italia ............................................... ......................... ... p. 13 - 14

16. Spain ............................................... ......................... p. 14 - 15

17. Portugal ............................................... ...................... pp. 15 - 16

18. Yugoslavia ............................................... ...................... pp. 16 - 18

19. Albania ............................................... ......................... pages 18 - 19

20. Grecia ............................................... ......................... ... p. 19 - 20

21. Bulgaria ............................................... ......................... pages 20 - 21

22. Rumunia ............................................... ......................... pages 21 - 22

23. Eel ............................................... .......................... p. 22 - 23

24. Poland ............................................... ......................... ..p. 23 - 24

25. Czech Republic ............................................... ............................ p. 24 - 25

26. Slovakia ............................................... ......................... page 25

BAR CHARACTERISTICS

Surrounded by the waters of two oceans and seas, Europe will again lie in the fringes Pivnіchno Pіvkulі... It is not very large (10 million km 2), like Asia, the length of the first days on the week is less than America, it is not so compact, like Australia, less exotic, less Ocean and Africa. But Europe itself does not come across as this etalon, which can be used to reconstruct all parts of the world. Navigate without the territory of Russia, the European part of what to become on the 1/3 of the area, climate, relief and tvarinny svit Europe is superbly versatile.

The middle-land sea goes to the Kremlin from Africa, the Girski Lantsyugi to the Urals and the Caucasus - from Asia, the Atlantic - from America. In the world of sunshine for the day from the extreme winter of Europe - Scandinavian pyostrov, covered with great expanses of tundra and taiga forests, natural zones change one of one - the subarctic is giving up the misce Pomirniy Zones from the oceanic climes around the continental climate, and that in its own right - the Mediterranean subtropics.

The flat tops of the Scandinavian gir (fjeldi) were smoothed by the ice-dweller, who ruled here for a long time. Girski grabbed and the coastal skeletons can also be carried on their own along the ice of ice: the stench of none of the scars. Glyboko vdayutsya into the land of the vuzka inflows - fiordi. Coniferous and green foils grow on the grains of the gir in front of the gir'yakh. Nybilsh is a low part of Fennoscandia - Finland and Sweden - lakes and swamps.

Uzdovzh of the usy pivdenny uzberezhzh Baltic Sea the smog of the lower reaches: Serednyonimetskiy, Wielkopolska and іn. Skidno-Evropeyska (abo Rossiyska) ravnina - the largest expanse of Europe - extends practically to the Urals. Great rivers, like, yak Odra (Oder), Visla, Niman, Daugava (Zakhidna Dvina) carry their way to the Baltic; Rhine and Elba - in the Pivnichne sea; Rona is in Seredzemne. Naybilsha rychka Evropi - Volga flows into the Caspian Sea; Danube, Dnister, Dnipro lay on the Black Sea basin; The Douro and the Tagus flow into the Atlantic Ocean, and the Garonne and the Loire - into the Biskayska inflow of the Atlantic Ocean.

From the Uzbek coast of the Atlantic and as far as the Western European Plain, the belt of middle mountains stretches, the height of which does not cross 1900 m. Smuga of large swells in the earth's crust (Rift) occupies the valley of the Rhine rivulet. Vona razdіlyaє kolis One Girsky massif on the Black Forest (on the right birch) and Vosges (on the left). The warehouses of the Jura mountains are connected to the Vosges. A series of lakes, such as Geneva and Neuchatelskoe, see the mountains from the great Alps, a majestic arc spilled over the territories of the decile lands. Alpi - the price of the youngest European mountains, with snowy peaks, ice valleys - trogs, ice lodges and hospitable lists - carlings. here roztashovana navisha topЄvropy - Mont Blanc (4807 m). In the middle of the forest grow foxes, partly built by people, and in the middle of the forest (close to 1800 m), subalpine and alpine bows are repaired - the grasses with the chaharniks of the yalivtsyu, the chagarnikovy family of the veins.

To the continuation of the Alpine-Himalaisky girskogo belt є Carpathian, with their sketches, make a mistake. In the whole of the middle hundreds of mountains, with sculpted conifers and beech woods, Nybilsh vosoka їkh chastina - Tatri - lie in Slovakia. There is also a navischa point of the Carpathians - Mount Gerlakhovsky Shtit (2655 m).

The most significant reduction in the level of conservation on the Uzbek coast of the Netherlands. Qia part of the European pvostrov roztashovana in the zone of post-lowering earth measles... It’s not a dam, “zamikє” the inflow of Eisselmer (Söider-Ze), the capital of the Netherlands Amsterdam has appeared under the water, as it is located below the sea level. The picture is similar on the Padanska lower course: here the threat of flooding of the lower valley of the Po rivulet, as well as the place of Venetsia, has come to an end.

Gori Balkansky pіvostrov - Dinara, Stara-Planina, Rila, Pіrіn, Pіnd are not generally seen as great heights, they are protected from these parts of the alpine type of relfu. The Olimp of Greece is not very high-quality (up to 2917 m), but for the whole land it is just a significant peak, as it claims to be the "dweller of gods". Krimski gory on the same pedestal wall hangs over the ancient Uzbeks, ale from pivnochi - all the way down to the plain.

The bridle of all the Apennine p_vostrov is drawn by the lance of the not very high gir of the Apennine. Here, bilya of the ancient Uzbek economy, the time of the blasting of the cone-shaped volcano Vesuvius. On the island of Sicily there is another active volcano in Europe - Etna.

Pireneyski gori yak bi vidsіkayut vіd " great Europe»Little Pireneyskiy pіvostrіv. Naybilshi massivi here - Cantabrian mountains and flat mountains of Meset.

At the skin part of Europe "sviy" color. Yakshho Fennoscandia - the city of blaky fіordіv and suvorikh sіrich skel, then in the wintry of the mainland Europe nagadu otkrezlivaniyu on geometric figurines watered a row of carpet, overflowing with channels, framed by a stormy sea-blue-skel Alpi - a riot of white snow, green meadows, bright blue sky; Pirenei roses are orange and red, and Crim and Apennines are elder and beige.

Pivnichny Zakhid Evropi lead to suvorish and spokyyni toni. Smell nibi fosters the style of life of people who inhabit it. The colossal gamut is here to see the bile skeli of Normandy and Dover on the nights of France and on the islands of Great Britain, the smaragd onions of Ireland and the sire of the Cambrian mountains of Wales, to see the empty births of the Veres ...

She was bitterly political before Europe was mainly a result of the First and the Other Holy War. The last touches before it gave rise to the fall of the USSR and Yugoslavia, as well as the union of Nimechchin, divided into two parts in 1949 to overcome the German fascism.

Europe is one of the most important financial and shopping centers in the world: to complete the list of famous Swiss banks, the most popular market of color metals in London, and the market of the Netherlands. In Europe, more than half of the total volume of trade is falling, and I want the share of the total gross domestic product to become 30%. In the European countries, especially in France, Spain and Italy, tourism plays a significant role in the economy: in total 70% of all tourists in the world go to Europe.

Dility modern Europe in the region is not very busy. At a large point of view of the geographer, the view of the ethnographer, the linguist and the economist is super readable - everything is so neatly intertwined in the whole part of the world. Traditionally, geographers have seen Pivnichnu Europe (Switzerland, Norway, Finland, Dania and Iceland), Western Europe (France, Great Britain, Ireland, Belgium and a number of such lands before Europe (Spain, Portugal, Italy, Greece, the land of Yugoslavia, etc.) and Europe (until the end of the 80s, it included the socialist territories of the Russian Federation.

NORWAY

Area - 324.2 yew. Km 2

Population - 4.4 million Chol.

Official Mova - Norwegian

GDP - USD 146 billion

Status - Kingdom

Norway is located in Europe. The state of the loan will conquer and the private part of the Scandinavian region. Territory of Norway 324.2 yew. Km 2, at the same time with the archipelago of Spitsbergen and adjacent islands. Norway has a mountainous place, along the great lowland in the region of Oslo and the whole of the old Uzbek coast. Outside of the Uzbek coastline, there are fiords - glib valleys, which have come to life on the ice, as the boules are flooded with water.

Norway is a constitutional monarchy. The head of the state is the king. The most important legislative body is the Storting, which is composed of lagting (41 deputies) and odelsting (124 deputies), which is used to pick up on outbound selections in a line of 4 rock. The viconavcha vlada should be imposed on the king, which signifies the order (State of the Rada) on the chol with the prime minister. Norway's main penny unit is the crown.

Near the coastal areas there is a sea climate. Navigate to a distant wine port, the nicolas do not freeze, the fragments are washed by the warm Pivnichno-Atlantic current. In Bergen, the mid-thousandth temperature becomes 1 ° C in the middle and 15 ° C in lіtnі mіsyatsі... On entering the center of the low vice from the Atlantic it is normal to bring close to 2000 mm of wood litter. The average fall in Oslo is 800 mm. In the mountains, the vologism is even more pronounced, and there is a greater part of the fall down there at the viglyadi of the snig.

Norway is a highly degraded industrial land. The basis for goodness is the great reserves of energy in the Norwegian sector of the Pivnichnaya Sea. 3/4 of the oil reserves and 1/2 of the gas reserves in Western Europe are concentrated here. On Spitsbergen in the suvorikh arctic minds there is a video clip kam'yanogo vugillya... Electricity production in Norway to become 123 billion kW. h, 99.4% of the time will be rocked at the hydroelectric power station.

Near the capital of Norway - Oslo (close to 500 thousand people) and the adjacent areas are concentrated about 1/3 of the population of the state. The Sami (Sami, Lapps), who are close to 40 thousand in the country, become a special ethnic group. Most Norwegians live in coastal smoothies in small settlements, rose-colored along the banks of the mountains and the valleys of the rivers.

Norway has no machinery, naphtochemical, woodworking, cellulose-paper and riboprocessing industries.

In the Silskoy state dignity, we rely on ribalism, farming, creative and foolish domination. But all the same, the silskoe the state’s gift can’t help to ensure that the population is consumed in foodstuffs, which means a part of being imported.

The provinces of the economy of Norway are є naphtha and gas industries, at which 14% of GDP falls.

Area - 450 yew. Km 2

Population - 8.5 million Chol.

Office mova - Swedish

GDP - USD 226.5 billion

Status - Kingdom

Sweden is knocked out from winter to 1600 km. Vona roztashovana on the Scandinavian pіvostrovі and adjacent islands. The first part of the winter and the western part is occupied by the flat-topped Scandinavian mountains, which reach the height of 2123 m. There are over 200 small ice skies. behind-the-scenes close to 400 km 2. At the winter edge of the land, the Norland flatland grows, like wide descents descend from the Scandinavian mountains to Botnichnaya inflow. The flat is deeply dissected by rychkovy and lacustrine valleys. The Middle Swedish lower region has expanded.

Sweden is a constitutional monarchy. The head of the state is the king. The most important legislative body in Sweden is the Riksdag (single-parliamentary). There are 349 deputies, scouted by the way of the out-of-town vote every 4 times. The viconavcha vlada is to supervise the order, enchanted by the prime minister. The main unit in Sweden is the crown.

The staff are warm to the masses of the Atlantic, in Switzerland we are fermenting a warm climate. The average temperature in linden becomes 17 ° C at winter and 15 ° C at winter. The temperature rise on the first half of the trocha is lower than zero, even at the first time the stench is higher than -10 ° C, and beyond the polar cola even lower. The level of the fall from Gothenburg is 700 mm, at the descent up to 600 mm. In the mountains, the stench falls off 150-2000 mm, and in the lowlands the stench does not overtake 500-600 mm.

Shvetsia - Provincial Head gold ore... A part of 18 million tons of vikorovyvayutsya vykorovuyutsya for internal needs, and more than 75% go for export. So itself, Switzerland has 15% of its developed uranium reserves. Electricity production is 147 billion kW per year, including half a year - at the hydroelectric power station and close to 1/2 at the nuclear power plant.

Stockholm, the capital and most place of Sweden (in front - 1.5 million inhabitants), is located on the banks of the channel, which links Lake Mälaren with the Baltic Sea. From the end of the XIII century. є permanent residence of the Swedish king. For a long time there were Lapland (Sami) tribes of Kochivnik-deer, who still preserved their self-confidence and language.

In the industry of the country, the most important role is the border of automobiles, and metal processing.

For agriculture, only 9% of the territory of the country, and even more modern methods of agrotechnics, has called for it to be practically impossible for Switzerland to be stuck in the import of food products. providna galuz Silskoy government- milky food.

By provincial halls of the economy of Switzerland є machinery, cellulose-paper industry, as well as the very wide range of alarm materials and telecommunications.

FINLAND

Area - 338 yew. Km 2

Population - 5.14 million Chol.

Official Movies - Finnish and Swedish

GDP - 126 billion US dollars

Status - Republic

Finland roztashovana in Pivnichniy Europe, Uzbeks are washed by the Finnskim, and at the entrance of Botnichna by the Baltic Sea. Territory - 338 thousand km 2. Great part of Finland lies in the lowlands. On the pivnichnomu descent there is the most beautiful point of the land - Mount Halti (1328 m). The middle height of Finland above the sea level is 152 m, the coastal zones at the beginning and end of the sea - 20 m. Finland has 55,000 lakes, which occupy 10% of the territory of the country.

Finland - parliamentary republic. The head of the state is the president, who is used to picking straight and local choices with terms for 6 rockets. I will legislate, and at the same time with parliament - I will vikonavchu vlady. The key to the new policy is the President. The parliament is single-board, it consists of 200 deputies, which is worth 4 times as a result of direct vibrations. Grosova Finland's odinity is a Finnish brand.

The average temperature in Helsinki is -6 ° C in the middle and close to 17 ° C in lime. At winter, the climate is more cold. In the region of Rivnoy mid-thousandth brown temperature -14 about C. And the lime is close to 14 about C. The average fall in Helsinki is 650 mm, at the first time of the country it is more dry climate.

Finland is the ancestors of medi, zaliz, nickel, silver, lead, chromite, cobalt, mercury, vanadium and zinc. In the bagatokh mіstsyakh cracked clay kar'єri for virobnіstva tsegli.

Finland is overwhelmingly inhabited by representatives of the Scandinavian and Baltic peoples. The capital of Finland, Helsinki, has close to 800 thousand inhabitants (including the front). Misto roztashovane on the pivnichnom birch of the Finskoy zatoka.

Suchasna Finland is a power with blamed promises and a sphere of services. Recently, I have played a role in the economy of gravel export of construction line and sawmills. Now the main industry is timber processing (especially cellulose and paper), metallurgy and machinery. Great powers come to bring tourism.

In the Silk state darlings, I re-ferment food, as I will increase the consumption of the land in meat and young people, and, moreover, a part of the products for export. For life and quality of life, the land is borrowed one of the first times in the world.

The structures of the economy rely on the sphere of services (61% of the GNP), and 35% of the Silk and Lisian government - 4% - for the part of industry and economy.

Area - 43 yew. Km 2

Population - 5.3 million Chol.

Office mova - danska

GDP - 174.4 billion USD

Status - Kingdom

Dania roztashovana on the islands of Jutland and the islands of the Danish archipelago. Relief of Dania is lowland with a single most attractive point in the mountain Yuding-Skovkhoy (172 m.) At the descent of Jutland. The main part of the land was developed on the highland island of Jutland (29650 km2) and on the islands of Funen, Lolland and Zealand. 97 out of 406 islands are inhabited.

Dania is a constitutional monarchy. The head of the state is the king, who zd_ysnyu legally owns a single-chamber parliament - the Folketing (179 deputies). Dania's main penny is the Danish crown.

The weather in Dania does not change after. It is important to transfer that tomorrow will be a dormouse chi board. Wow, and in Dania we are going to show you a performance lіtnі days, And if you are charged, you will be able to enjoy the frost and the weather, and you will not be able to enjoy it. The average temperature in Copenhagen is becoming Pro o C in midnight and 17 o C in lime.

Dovgy hour Dania imported a great number of energos. Development of oil and natural gas reserves on the shelf of the Pivnichnaya Sea near remote shores the country has changed the situation. In the end of the 20th century, Dania will be consumed in palivy to take care of the rakhunok of cich ancestors. Protest, the Danes will use alternative energy sources, for example, Vitrova. At the moment, the electrical energy production in the Danish warehouse is 36.8 billion kW. h. Virobnitstvo being the head rank at the TES.

The capital of Denmark is Copenhagen (in front of more than 1.3 million inhabitants) of the expansion on the islands of Zealand and Amager.

Dania is a highly degraded industrial-agrarian land. The territory of the loan is flat, and the yak is 60% roseoran. Great fields here are surrounded by pastures, small forests and swamps. Silske dignity of Dania viroblya is a very popular product, not only does it mean that the land is consumed in foodstuffs, but also widely exported. Silske Gospodarstvo dosi Gra plays an important role in the economy of the country.

Providni position was taken by industry, aimed at export. They overwhelm a small number of companies, so that they offer high-tech products: precise adjustments, stereo and television equipment, furniture, medicines. Rozvinene shipbuilding: to get a good drink on container ships and tankers, at Danish shipyards.

ICELAND

Area - 103 yew. Km 2

Population - 271 yew. Chol.

Office mov - Icelandic

GDP - 6.2 billion US dollars

Status - Republic.

Iceland was roasted on a single island in the private part of the Atlantic Ocean. On the island it is possible to see more of all the types of volcanoes in the Earth. The most active volcanic region with geysers, hot dzherels and mud volcanoes. 12% of the territory of the country is covered with ice.

Iceland is a parliamentary republic. The head of the state is the president, who can use direct votes in a row for 4 rockets. Legislating vlada bequeathed to the president and the althing - a unicameral parliament (63 deputies), which is used to pick up on backward choices in a line of 4 rock. Groshova is one of Iceland - Icelandic crown.

The staff of the sea climate, the heat temperature is trimmed with a ric. The average temperature in the Revyarik About o C, lime 11 o From the mid-rise fall - 880 millimeters. The climate of the winter and inner regions is more cold.

Iceland, vikoristovuchi large reserves hydroenergy and import to syrovin, imposed on aluminum, ferrosilicon, cement, mineral good. Aluminum and fero silicon go for export. Mayzhe all enterprises roztashovani on the first entry of the island. Electricity production in Iceland to become 4.9 billion kW · year. Virobnitstvo is the head rank at the GES. Geothermal energy is widely used for heating living rooms and greenhouses.

Blocked earth occupy all 1% of the outside area. The main galuzzi of the Silskoy government is meat-and-wool production, which is now being carried out according to old-fashioned traditions. The main role in the Silskoy government is in the development of the drive from the ancient Uzbek coast of Iceland and the settler - near the ancient coast.

The population of the land is a warehouse of Icelandic people, the site of old Norwegian settlers. A large part of the population lives on the coastal territories, mainly in the western-western part near Revyarika. An insignificant part of the inhabitants is concentrated on the party of Akureyri, the settlement of the population lives in the suburbs. The luscious life of the Icelandic people is the result of the supreme pratsovitosti to the people. The islands literally work hard, and even a lot of people are busy on two robots. Dovgy working day here is not a blame, but a rule.

The main role in the economy of the country is export of ribi and riboproducts, aluminum, ferrosilicon, mutton, sheepskin, outside and outside virobes.

BRITAIN

Area - 244.7 yew. Km 2

Population - 58.8 million Chol.

Official Mova English

GDP - 575 740 million USD

Status - Parliamentary Monarchy

Great Britain is an island power in Western Europe. Before the warehouse of the Received Kingdom, England, Scotland, Wales and Pivnichna Ireland are included. Great Britain was rooted in the greatest European archipelase, which includes the British Isles, the Hebrides, Orkney and others. Most of them are Great Britain and Ireland. Most of them are Great Britain at the entrance to the mainland by the English Channel, at the descent - by the Pivnich Sea. all sovereign cordoni Received the Kingdom of the Sea, with a blame for the cordon of the Pivnian Irish Republic and the Irish Republic. The most sought after point of Great Britain is Ben Nevis Peak (1343 m) in the Grampian Mountains of Scotland. Near the middle part of Great Britain pass the Pennine Hills - the main Girly massif of England. Severn, found a small river (391 km) of Great Britain, shores a cob in Central Wales and flows into the Bristolskiy tributary of the Atlantic Ocean. The source of the Thames (up to 334 km), the river of England, is located near the hills of the Cotswolds.

Great Britain is a parliamentary monarchy. In the country there is no constitution at all, there is only one basic law. The head of the state is the queen. The sovereign legislative body is parliament, which consists of the House of Lords (close to 1200 lords) and the House of Communities (659 deputies). Groshova is one of the United Kingdom - pound sterling.

Great Britain has a reconciled sea climate. Minliva weather wiklican cyclones from the Atlantic Ocean, bringing boards. Anti-cyclones for dry weather. Sichen, lute is the coldest month (in the middle 4 o C), and the linden and serpen are nayteplish (in the middle 16 o C). Rіchny іvnі sheds become 650 mm. in pivdenno-skidny lowlands, 1000 mm. at entry and up to 2000 mm. in girskiy micevost.

Great Britain has a large capacity for 42 million tons of woogill. Vugilla will have less than 8.5% of energy consumption, todi yak naphtha and gas - 76%, and nuclear power - 15.5%. Hydroelectric power stations are an important energy source in the city of urban infrastructure, which is to become 334.5 billion kW per year

The capital of Great Britain is London. Most of the population is English (80%); national minorities (close to 15%) are Scots, Welsh (Walleys) and Irish - take the national traditions and traditions. From the middle of the XIX century. expanded colonial power of Britain. India, part of Birmi (Nini Myanma), Canada, Australia, Afghanistan, Persia, Bagato region Western Africa, Islands in The Pacific became її colonies.

The Silskoe State Government employs less than two hundred inhabitants of the land. In Great Britain they grow wheat, barley, cartoons and red beet. Sylske economic reasons, occupied by the growing of cultures, are found mainly on the basis of descent. In girskih districts to breed a great horned thinness and sheep. Kent has apples and fruits.

Prior to the provincial halls of the economy of Great Britain, verstatobuduvannya, electrical engineering, aviation, electronic and automotive industries are set. Deyakі traditional galuzі, like, yak in coal shoe, steel and textile, work at once in the country for the fall. Britain is the leader in financial services, pharmaceutical and defense industries.

ІРЛАНДІЯ

Area - 70.3 yew. Km 2

Population - 3.68 million Chol.

Official Movies - Irish, Gelian, English.

GDP - 95 billion USD

Status - Republic

The Irish Republic is borrowed 5/6 of the territory of the island of Ireland, another of the largest in the group of the British Isles. From the island of Great Britain through the waters of the Irish Sea and two channels. Bila uzberezhzha without lynchs and islands. The inner part of the island is occupied by the lower reaches, with numerous secondary rivers.

Ireland is a parliamentary republic. The head of the state is the president, who can use direct votes in a line of 7 rockets. The legislative body is the National Parliament, before the warehouse which includes the President and two chambers: the Senate (60 persons) and the House of Representatives - Doyle (166 people).

M'yakiy vologiy climate of Ireland is overflowing from the inflow of the winter-western wines and warm waters of the Pivnichno-Atlantic current. In the country, there are no high girders, as they used to invade the penetration of vologic vіtrіv, the same climat seems to be the same, if you want to go to win a little sushi, but not to go. The average winter temperature is from 4 at the descent to 7 ° C at the entry. At the first entry of the climat to reach a friendly navit for subtropical roslin... The average temperature of the litter is 14 - 16 o C. The average drop is 1000 mm. on back lowlands up to 750 mm. at the gathering.

In the Pivnichniy Ireland and in the Republic there is a peasant, vapnyak, basalt, gravel, granite and marmur. break up ore genera, Zink and lead. Electricity power supply 17.9 billion kW · year, leading rank at the TES.

The population of Ireland is 3.7 million Cholovik, mostly Irish. Miske population become 58%. Official Movies - Irish and English. The main town of Pivnichnoy Ireland is Belfast, with a population of 279,000 people. from the outlying population of 1 578 000 chol.

Grass and fodder crops for food culture are growing at Pivnichniy Ireland, which is the main galuzzi of the Silskoy government. For agriculture, the yield is 14%. 13% of the original population is occupied by the Silskoe state government, like a viroblyaє 10% of GDP. 71% of the people who live in the country will be taken by the pastoral. Pastoralism is rozvinene on the whole territory of the country.

A provincial galuzzi of economy in the Northern Ireland є kharchova promiscuity. Rozvinnye virobnitstvo textiles, chemical industry, machinery and lisovskoy industry.

NIDERLANDI

Area - 41.5 yew. Km 2

Population - 15.65 million Chol.

Office mova - Netherlands

GDP - 384 billion US dollars.

Status - Kingdom

Holland is located in a vast area of ​​the reduction of earth measles, the de-growth of deltas of some water-borne rivers - the Rhine, Maas and Sheldi. The sea is here last time on land. Having broken through the lance of the coastal dunes, great lowlands flooded, which transformed into milky water - vati. The whole territory is covered with swamps, lakes, channels, islands and dunes. The part of the lower reaches, which is called Holland, is significant, is located at a small height above the ditch of the sea, and in the row of the river - the lower one.

Netherlands is a constitutional monarchy. The head of the state is the king, with which є the governing body is - Derzhavna is glad. The yogi member is designated as the king. Legislating the ownership belongs to the king and the General Staffs (parliament), which consists of two chambers: Pershoi (75 deputies) and Other (150 deputies). Groshova odinitsya - guilder.

It's warm in Holland. The average temperature is 17 ° C. The average temperature is close to 2 ° C on the Uzbek coast and it is cold in the whole continent. The tax, if anticyclones invade Siberia, the temperature drops below zero, the temperature falls below zero, and the canals of the lake are covered with ice. The average fall rate is 800 mm, the indicator is very low in the internal provinces.

Holland has colossal reserves of natural gas in the winter of the land and oil in the Dutch sector of the Wine Sea, which has allowed the development of a new industry and an increase in the number of working missions. Electrical power supply 80.8 billion kW. h, head rank at TES.

The Kingdom of the Netherlands is one of the most densely populated powers in the world. 15% of the out-of-town number of residents are stored in those from other places of the world. The average population density is close to 370 people per 1 km 2. The capital of the Netherlands is Amsterdam (more than 995 thousand inhabitants, including the population of the area).

Holland has no machinery, electrical engineering, naphtha processing, naphtokhimia. The Netherlands should be the first place in the world with diamond cutting. The promislovost occupies 25% of the original population.

Nearly 27% of the agricultural lands are occupied by ornie lands, 32% - by pastures and 9% covered by lands. The Silskoe State Prize occupies 4% of the original population and accounts for 4% of GDP. One of the oldest galuses of the Silskoy Gospodarstvo in Holland is the artwork. The same is not true of creation.

Najvazlivіshі galuzі ekonomіki machine-building, electrical engineering, naptorerobka, naphtokhimіya, avіabuduvannya, shipbuilding, chorna metallurgy, textile, furniture, cellulose-paper industry.

BELGIUM

Area - 30.5 yew. Km 2

Population - 10.2 million Chol.

Official movi - French, Dutch, Nimetska

GDP - 270 billion US dollars

Status - Kingdom

The coastline (66 km) is lined with a ridge of dunes. Let's go downstairs with polders. Behind them, the Flanders lowland stretches to Brussels, zroshuvana by the river Scheldt. Between the capital and the wide valley of the Sambre and the Meuse lie a nevis plateau, behind the yak hang the Ardennes Mountains.

Belgium is a federal power, which is a parliamentary monarchy. The head of the state is the king, who will be surrounded by the dominion. Legislative vlada is king and parliament. The parliament is bicameral, which is based on the chotiiric term. It consists of the Chamber of Representatives (150 deputies) and the Senate (71 deputies).

Klimat in Belgium Pomirny Morsky; Average temperature midday from -1 to 3 ° C, lime at 14-19 o C. The average fall is close to 800 mm on the Uzbek coast. In the world from the distance from the sea, the amount of fallout changes, and in the winter, in the mountains, the reach is 1000 mm.

Belgium bagata vugillam. The main part of the village is located in a small pool in the Sambra and Maasu Valley. The video clip played an important role in the industrialization of the country. Electricity production of 74.4 billion kW. hours (1995), 55.5% - at nuclear and geothermal power plants.

The capital of Belgium is Brussels. Miske population becomes 96.6% Most of the population. The country has two peoples - the Walloons (32.5%) and the Flemish (58%). Krym them in the land permanently live close to 900 thousand. Inozemtsiv. Walloon speaks French, and Flemish speaks Flemish.

Belgium is an industrial power with highly degraded black metallurgy and machinery. Quite a role is played by the very granular metallurgy and textile industry.

25% of all lands are orni, 21% are vicarious for pasture. Silskoe empowerment is carried out by intensive and highly derogatory methods. Farmers become 5% of the native population and 2% of GDP.

Nayvazhlivіshі galuzі ekonomіki Belgium - the export of industrial possession, automobiles, chemical and pharmaceutical goods, black and colore metals, textiles, jewelery diamonds.

Area - 551 yew. Km 2

Population - 60.9 million Chol.

Office mova - French

GDP - 1.7 trillion. US dollars

Status - Republic

France - best power in Europe, the most attractive point is Mont Blanc. At the first descent of the Alps, you can reach Italy and Switzerland. Gori Yura is located at the winter of the Alps, and the Pirenei is at the first sunset. All the young people were living up to 70 million rockets. Porizane plateau of the Central massif nabagato is older. The Armoricanska Visochina, the Vosges and the Ardenni were prostrated at the celebrations and descent. More than 60% of France is occupied by the lowlands, the rivers of Garonne, Seine, Loire, Rhone and Sonne.

France is a republic. The head of the state is the president, who can use a line on these rockets. Winning priznacha prem'єr-ministra and members of the uryad, the head in the Radio ministries, keru with healthy forces. The most important legislative body is the parliament, it was elected from the National elections (577 deputies) and the Senate (321 senators). Groshova odinitsa - franc.

At the first visit of the French panun, the sea climate, the transfer of warm and natural winds from the Atlantic Ocean. At the descent of France, we re-ferment a dry climate with a cold winter and warm summer. In the paved part of the spectrum, it is not dry and insecure and often in winter. The average temperature in Brest becomes 7 ° C, in average 2 in Strasbourg and 6 in Marseille. The average fall on the western Uzbek coast is close to 800 mm, but on the descent it can be no more than 600 mm. In the mountains it is more cold and cold, so the level of fallen there is 1000 mm.

France has a lot of ore and ore. Є small genera of bauxite, uranium and salts. Є small reserves of naphtha, in the Pireneyskie mountains - a kind of natural gas. Atomic energy has become one of the key modern galuses of industry (AES is operating on 2/3 of all electrical energy).

The population of France will become 58.3 million. 93% of the population is French. 75% of the population lives near the place. The official mova is French. The capital of France is Misto Paris.

For a long time, France has an easy prowess. Here textiles, porcelains virobi are vibrating. So, France itself has French spirits and perfumery and vyroblyaetsya majestic drink and popularity in the world. Especially the mice zaymaє vyrobnitstvo odyagu that swelled. Developments are also metal-working industry, radioelectronics and chemical industry.

In the economy of the country, the role of the government is significant. Yogo is the main galuz - creation. In France, breed a great horned thinness, pigs, sheep, poultry. From silskogospodarskikh crops cultivate wheat, barley, corn, red beet. The traditional French galuzi are old-fashioned є viticulture, wine-growing and business.

I will play a role in the economy of France to play rocket and aviation, shipbuilding and automotive.

SWISS

Area - 41.3 yew. Km 2

Population - 7 million Chol.

Official Movies - Nimetska, French, Italian

GDP - 283.5 billion US dollars

A large part of Switzerland is occupied by the mountains behind the mountains. At the cordon with France, the Girsky massif Yura. On the first stage of the road, the humpback stretches, against the great number of garnishing lakes of the Swiss plateau, finding the point of the mountain NAPFA (1408 m). It takes 1/3 of the territory of the state and smoothly move up to 1000-1200 m on the slope, then the mountain ridges of the Alps rise above it. The alpine summit of Mont Blanc (4807 m) is located on the cordon of France and Italy, and only one has stopped to enter Switzerland. Finding the edge of the edge of the Peak Dufour (4634 m) of rasprostavaniya on pivdni, in the Pekin Alps, on the cordon from the Italian. On the territory of Switzerland more than 1 thousand. Lodoviks with an area of ​​1224 km2. Shili state-top ridges, cut through by river valleys. Two of the most famous rivers of Western Europe - the Rhine (with the tide Aare) and the Rhona - take their ear in the ice hogs of the Swiss Alps. There are great lakes in front of the Alps.

Heads of the constitution of 1848 r Switzerland with the non-staid confederation of cantons was transformed into a single allied power. The Kozhen canton has a strong constitution, the parliament and the district and the most independent in its own internal problems. The allies are in control of food deprivation and the world, diplomatic letters, a penny and the federal budget. Groschova is one of the Swiss francs.

In Switzerland, there is a growing area, a kind of climate, typical for Central Europe, with significant leaves in the wilderness above the ditch of the sea. Winter is cold, on the plateaus and in the valleys the temperature reaches Pro o C, and in the mountainous regions -10 O C is higher. The average temperature in the lowlands is 18 - 20 ° C, and the temperature is lower in the places. The average fall in Tsurikh on the plateau is 800 mm, and in Santi - 2000 mm. Significant part of the fall of the vipad is charged from the viglyad of the snig. Deyaki districts are constantly located on a ball of snow and ice.

Switzerland has practically no hardy cinnamon copalins. More than 50% of the electricity is supplied by HES, 37% - by AES, and in the same - TEC from imported naphtha. Most of the hydroelectric power station is used by the Alps, 40 individual lakes - water reservoirs - have been destroyed.

The population of the Swiss warehouse is 7.2 million. Cholovik. The place is home to 68.9% of the population. Official Movies - Nimetska, French, Italian. The capital of Switzerland is the city of Bern.

Promislov_st become 21% of GDP. I will play a role in the production of sir, chocolate, canned food and vegetables from the tree. Rosvineni is also electrical, textile, pharmaceutical and chemical industry. Bagato virobiv is highly valued for his own goodness. For all these years, in Switzerland there are a lot of looks and cheeky barvniki, for example. In the cantons of St. Gallen and Tsurich, the role of prominence is easy. Rozvinene mashinobuduvannya (often the price of possession, bezposeredno tied with mіtssevym virobnіstvom, for example, diesel engines, sewing machines).

10% of the land in Switzerland is occupied by a irele, 40% - by shepherds, if a large part of the land cannot be collected through the CIS. Only 4% of the total population is occupied in the agricultural sector, and it will only serve as a dzherel less than 2% of GDP. I will play the role of meat and milk production, with all the thinness to take revenge in the craziest places by stretching out winter months. Milk surpluses are used for the production of condensed milk, sir and chocolate. Sheep are raised near the mountains, and pigs are raised on the plateau. The plateau is a single region, de-more meaning is not cattle-breeding, but the viroshuvannya of the village. crops: wheat, barley, rye, kartopl, lion, hemp, tyutyun, red beet.

The main galuzy of the Swiss economy is the production of machinery and metal processing, including Ch. Godinnik, chemistry, textile comrades, clothes and food.

AUSTRIA

Area - 83.9 yew. Km 2

Population - 8 million Chol.

Office mova - nimetska

GDP - 191 billion US dollars

Status - Republic

Austria is an alpine land, one of the most mountainous regions of Europe. Shady Alpi occupy 70% of the territory. Girski ridges, which go in the main from the approach to the highway, are distributed by rychki Інн, Salzach and Yens (all are tributaries of the Danube, or, in Nimetski, Donau). There is a large part of the native lands near the Danube valley.

Austria is a republic. The head of the state is the federal president, who can use the term for 6 years to the population. The most important legislative body is parliament, which consists of 2 chambers: for the National sake (183 deputies) and for the Federal sake (63 deputies). Groshova is one of Austria's - Euro.

Alpine high-class climates, vlast climatic minds, altogether in Austria, a continental climate with cold winters and warm sleepy summer. Leto - tse and the same season, if not angry and threatening. Ryasniy snowfall is often a manifestation of a charge. A dry and dry part of the land - the lowlands of Burgenland near Today, the middle temperature is close to 1 o C, and lime is 20 ° C. In the Alps, it is extremely, colder, on the high mountains there is a lot of time.

Significant genera of naphtha, natural gas, gold ore, lignite, magnesite, tungsten, lead and zinc are being developed in the country. Vyobuvayetsya up to 1.1 million tons of naphtha (mainly in the district of Tsistersdorf), 2.3 million tons of gold ore (by the method in the district of Aiseperts in Styria) і 1.1 million tons of lignite on the river, and also strong and viscous graphite (Austria is one of the leading suppliers). Electricity production in Belgium to become 56.6 billion kWh per year, including 60% on HPS.

The population of Belgium will become 7.9 million Cholovik, 98% of which are Austrian. 64.5% live near the place. Office mova - nimetska. Capital of Austria - Today.

35% of the occupied population is pratsyu in industry, giving 37% of GDP. Steel and machinery stores store a third of the industrial production. Centers of cikh galuzei є place Linc and Donavice. Widely broadened is also chemistry. 45% of the territory of the country is covered with forests, especially in the Alps and the Chesky (Bohemian) mountains at winter. Schorichno Austria viroblyaє 2.4 million tons of paper and cardboard and 1.4 million tons of cellulose. Important kintsevym products of processing lisu є syrnik, tar and turpentine.

In the main, small, but highly productive farmers' state gifts will prevent the consumption of the land in food by 80% more, I would like to grow old crops and pastures less than 18% and 24% of the land, and in the village - the city. pratsyu not more than 8% of the pracezdat population. To breed milk thinness in the Alps. Wheat, corn, barley and vegetables grow here at a height of up to 2000 m above the sea level, ale culture in these regions - grass fodder. Near Graz and grow fruits and grapes in some of the old lands. Farming of the soil in the Danube valley and in the lower reaches of the descent.

Provincial halls of industry in Austria є machinery, metallurgy, chemistry, cellulose-paperwork, garnishing, textile and gourmet industry. An important galuzzi of the Silskoy dignity є creation.

NIMECHCHINA

Area - 356.9 yew. Km 2

Population - 81.8 million Chol.

Office mova - nimetska

GDP - USD 1,870 billion

Status - Federal Republic

The name of the town is roasted in Central Europe, during the winter it is washed by two seas: Baltic and Pivnichny. The coastal part of the land is lowland and canopy; in the center of її, mіzh Hanover, Bremen and Hamburg, the majesty of the Luneburg wilderness stretches, overgrown with heather. From Hanover, right up to the Alps, the mountainousness is not high (up to 1,500 m) to the right (up to 1500 m) the mountainousness: the Rhine Slate Hills, Fichtelgebirge (Smerekovy Gori) in the winter-school Bavaria on the cordon of Czech nichyu birches of the Rhine in Baden. One of the first peaks in the front of the Alps - the Zugshpitze, was built on the cordon from Austria, syagaє 2962 m.

Territorially, the land is divided into 16 lands, which may have its own laws and order, equal rights at the federation and equally represented at the upper chamber of the parliament - the Bundesrat (literally, the Council of the Federation). The lower house - the Bundestag - is the main legislative body. Between rural lands there is a sense of modern, ethnical, economic and legislative decisions. Increased importance of clear distribution between federal (central) and land ownership.

Unimportant for a small height, the girski ridges of the entrance of Nimechchini, who stretched from pivnochi to pivden, serve as a gateway for povitryan mas, Scho collapse from the entry into the Europian glib. The establishments of the central part of the city are even more mature in the middle of the Middle Rhine valley and the entire landscape of the territory of the country, the transition from the sea to the continental winter (16-20 ° C) during ). Ale in the middle of the Rhine natural mind close to the Middle Sea. Nimechchina has 450 million tons of lignite (brown woolen) for the production of electricity at power plants and in the capacity of syruin (over 25% of the light stocks are stored here). Emsland, Lower Saxony, has a family of oil and gas. Nimechchina is also a great leader in calcium carbonate (potash). Virobniztvo elektroenergії yde, the head rank at thermal power plants (close to 1/4 at the AES).

The population of the country is ethnically one-born (more than 92% become nimtsi), besides, by the way, because of the insights of the indigenous inhabitants of the rural lands, they don’t take it as nationally in the whole region to live their own lives. Almost all of the population of Nimechchin (85%) live in localities. The capital of Nimechchini is the city of Berlin.

Nimechchina is one of the provincial industrial regions, the main industrial center in the Ruhr Valley and the Rhine. Great loads of the high-quality woolen made the development of metallurgy and machine-building. There are a lot of chemical factories, like the vicorist Rhine, like more important transport lanka. Steel production and machinery for production of goods in Bochum, Essen and Dortmund, and textiles for fabrication at Wuppertals and Crefslds. The main ports are Hamburg, Bremen, Kil and Rostock.

36% of the territory of Nimechchin is occupied by grain crops and 16% - by pastures. In girskih regions to breed a great horned thinness and sheep. The main rural areas were developed in the lowlands, especially in the neighboring regions along the northern edge of the Pivnichno-Nimetsky lowland. Highly productive districts and overwhelming the majority of Hanover, Braunschweig and Magdeburg. Vegetables grow in all great places. Wine making is done in the valleys of the Rhine and the Moselle. On weekends, there is tyutyun, corn and hopper, and on the weekends - wheat.

Providnі galuzі ekonomіki Nіmechchiny - gіrnichodobіvna, electronic, naphtokhіmіchna, machine-building and іnshі - good development, altogether especially hostile to automobiles.

Area - 301.2 yew. Km 2

Population -58.2 million Chol.

Office mova - italijka

GDP per capita - 1,150 billion US dollars

Status - Republic

Італія - ​​perevazhno girskaya kraina. In all p_vostrov, with his sketches of nagaduє chobit, the ridge of the Apennian mountains was prostrated. Pivnich of the land surrounds the Alpi, then there is a new find in Western Europe, Mont Blanc Mountain (4807 m), in order to pass a tunnel before it, which calls Italy from France. A great part of the adjacent Italian islands - Elbi, Sardinia, Sicily are also occupied by the mountains. The Liparskie Islands are located close to the northern Uzbek coast of Sicily. Some volcanoes in the innermost part of Sicily (Etna), in the Italian part of Italy, not far from Naples (Vesuvius), as well as on the Aeolian Islands (Stromboli and Vulcano) to I'll put in a picture nature is not just color, but lasting instability. It is not easy for earthlings to trawl here, and over Etna you can often sing a gloom over it.

Італія - ​​parliamentary republic. The head of the state - the president is looking at the secret office of both chambers to the parliament for the participation of representatives of the regions by term, for 7 years. Legislating vlada should be imposed on parliament, scho to look around for 5 years for a change in vibration system. It consists of two chambers: the Senate of the Republic (322 senators) and the Chamber of Deputies (630 deputies). Grosova One of the Italians - Lira.

The climate in Italy is mid-sea: it is dry here in summer (20 - 28 ° С) and warmth in winter (about - 12 ° С). Pislya ryasnyh planks on the great rivers of pіvostrov - Tiber and Arno - Incoli floods occur. From one of them in 1966 the city of Florence suffered greatly. At the beginning of the summer it is hot, the chances of being close to Africa begin. On the side of the Chorny continent, there is often a spectacular wind siroko, carrying a gloomy sip.

The population of the Italian warehouse is 57.9 million. Cholovik, in the main Italian, of which 67.1% of the population live in the place. Official mova - Italian. The capital of Italy is the city of Rome.

The land is home to natural copalins (naphtha and natural gas here may be dumb), protects from lead and zinc ores, bauxite, sirku, and, of course, Karara marmur, has long been famous for its beauty and high lumen. Electricity production in Italy to become 241 billion kW · year.

Industry has a role to play in metallurgy and mechanical engineering. The Italian automotive industry is especially famous: the largest concern "ФІАТ" (its head plant is located in Turin) viroblyaє 80% of Italian cars and 13% of sales in Europe. Italian by-butova technology and furniture is even more popular.

41% of the territory of the ITALY is victorious before the people of the agricultural sector, and the same 17% is for the pasture. Nearly 6% of the original population is occupied by the Sylskoe government, the indicator is gradually changing into the link with the migrants of Sylsk residents near the place. The main grain crop is wheat, ale in the lowlands to wind corn and rice. The valley of the Po River is the main region for growing cereals, vegetables, red beets, tyutyunu and hemp. Viticulture has been expanded, olives are an important culture in ancient provinces. Italy is the most popular vyrobnik of grapes and olive olives in the world. For wine, pick apples, peaches and pears, and citrus fruits for wine. Sheep and kiz are also raised there.

Providnі galuzі ekonomіki Іtalії - machine building, automobile manufacturing, kharchova, chemistry, textile, metallurgy. An important role in the economy of the country is the development of digital technology and electronic equipment

ІSPANIA

Area - 505.9 yew. Km 2

Population - 39.7 million Chol.

Office mova - spanska

GDP - 562 245 million USD

Status - Monarchia

The basic rhythm of the geography of Spain is set by the relief and vision in a number of atmospheric falloffs. At the center of the land, the region of flatlands - Meseta - was developed. Її pereretinaє kіlka lantsyugіv middle-height gir, and on the outskirts of oblamovuyut vishі gіrskі masivi: Pirenei and Kantabriyskі gory at winter; The Andalusian mountains, or Kordilya-era-Betika, at the most attractive point of the edge of the Mulasen mountain (3478 m) - on the pivdn. Єdina is a great lowland of the land - Andalusian - roztashovana at the first entry; according to nіy protіkє Guadalkvіvіr - one of the head rykhok of Ispania Adina is ship-floating in the downstream. Some of the great rivers, including the Tahoe and Duero, are the lower part of the ship, which are located on the territory of the country's mainland Portugal, and are characterized by the sharp seasonal ravines of the water and the numerical thresholds.

Spain is a parliamentary monarchy. The Constitution was adopted in the country in 1978. The head of the state is the king. international and we will lead the head-command with the brave forces of the land. The rights of the king are suvoro regulated by the constitution. I will legislate the power of the General Cortesi (parliament). There are two chambers: the Senate (upper chamber, 256 people) I Congress of Deputies (350 people)

At the beginning of the 19th century, there is a panun middle-sea climate with a sleepy summer and a cold vologo winter. The average temperature in La-Co-Runє becomes 10 ° C, and the temperature in lime 19 ° C; rychny ryven fallen - ponad 900 mm. The average temperature in Madrid, which is raised at a height of 660 m above the sea level, fluctuates from 5 ° C in midday to 24 ° C in lime; small drop - 450 mm. In Almeria, rostashovanoy on the middle-sea Uzbek, average temperatures in the middle 12 ° С and 25 ° С - in linden; Rivn litter does not overlap 250 mm.

In the end of the XIX century. in the country, there is a promislovy view of the brown copalins. Most of the enterprises of black metallurgy are located at winter, not far from the Kamyanovugilny basins and genera of ore ores, from a type of loan from Spain to the third place in Europe. On the black metallurgy specialization is the third place for the size of Bilbao. Vlasny vidobutok of naphtha will save 5% of the country's consumption, and it will be imported. The virobniztvo of electric power and Spain is 166.4 billion kW · a year, the leading rank at the TES.

Aviles, Khichon, Santander, Bilbao and Barcelona are the most important places in steel, colore metals and in machinery and equipment. The winter skid of the country is a region with highly degraded textile and chemical galuzes. Madrid has a textile industry, a chemistry and a gourmet hall. In Andalusia there is olive oil and wine, and seafood comes from Galisia.

The population of Spain is 39.7 million Cholovik, in the main Spain. So, in the country itself, there are Catalans (more than 5 million), Galisiytsi (close to 3 million), Basques (about 2 million). The capital of Spain is Misto Madrid.

In Silska, the state's empowerment falls to 5% of the country's GDP, while 13% of the country's population is occupied by the new one. 41% of the territory of Spain is victorious for the period of the Silskohospodarski. at least 21% - for the pasture. Wheat and barley are grown at Messet. Maize grows in the agricultural regions of the country with large cultivars, and rice grows on agricultural lands. Vegetables are occupied in the growing valleys of the native Uzbeks. Citrus takes an important place and grows in the Mediterranean lowlands at once with fig and migdal. Spain is another olive oil exporter. In the valleys of the rivers Ebro, on Meset, in the middle-sea lowlands and in Andalusia, grapes grow. Misto Kherez - the famous wine's fatherland. In Spain - the third one in Europe for wine production - 15 million hectares of land are occupied by vineyards.

Provincial halls of the economy of Spain є such types of industry, such as machine-building, automobile-building, ship-building, aviation, electrical engineering, chemical and textile.

PORTUGAL

Area - 92.1 yew. Km 2

Population - 9.9 million Chol.

Official Mova - Portuguese

GDP - 87,993 million US dollars.

Status - Republic

Portugal loaned 1/6 part of Pireneysky pvostrov. The coastline of the land is rivna, bays and inflow is not large. The two rivers flooded by the sea - the Douro (Duero) and the Tagus (Tahoe) set out in the bay, on the shores of some of the most popular places-port Lisbon and Porto. Richka Tagus extends the land into two parts: the mountainous pivnich (the hills of the Messet plateau with the heights close to 2000 m above the sea level) and the rivinous pivden, occupying the humpbacks of the Portuguese lower reaches.

Portugal is a republic with a presidential regime. The head of the state is the president of the republic, who is going to get around with a straight line and the same voice on the 5-day term. The most important legislative body - the Zbori of the Republic - is a unicameral parliament (230 deputies), which has a line of four. Vyshiy Vikonavchiy organ - order on choli with prem'ar-ministrom.

Great inflow to the climate overlooking the Atlantic Ocean, across the middle sea climate. The mid-thousandth midday temperature in the Port at winter will become + 9 ° С, and the temperature of lipneva + 20 ° С; a small drop of fall is greater than 110 cm, a large part of which will be charged. The average temperature in Faro (pivdenne Uzbek) rises from + 12 ° С in midday to + 24 ° С in linden; rychny rivn fallen - 45 cm.

Nature is pouring into the economy of the country. The day of traditionally engaging in the Silskoy government. Look for wines on the market (including the famous Portuguese port), olive ole, tinned food and natural cork, from which Portugal is borrowed for the first time in the world.

Small vugilny genera are broken up into the small town of Psuvannya, however, a larger part of the paliva is imported. In addition, add: pyrite, tungsten, kaolin, gold, uranium and marmur. Electricity production in Portugal 33.3 billion kW. H, the chief rank at the HES.

The population of Portugal will become 10 million. Cholovik, and the Portuguese language in the world is more than 110 million. Cholovik (in the USA, Brazil, in the colonies of Portugal in Africa and Asia). The capital of Portugal is Lisbon.

A lot of industry is occupied by the processing of agricultural products, lisomaterials and ribs, cork, paper, wine, olive oil. The last hour of the production of textiles was bully in the towns of Porchu, Brazil and Lisbon. For the rest of the hour, there were developed such new galusas, such as metalworking, machinery, production of goods in a wide range. At Lisbon and Ilopchy roztasvani machinery, steel and chemical factories. Azambuzh and Lisbon have cars. In conjunction with the development of tourism in the rest of the rock, he will drink more on the swelling of the souvenir products.

Portugal is a silskogospodarska land, and I won't get food for myself. At pivnochі, they handle state gifts with an area of ​​up to 2 hectares. On the plain of Alentejo, there is a large farm. In the Algarve and Baixu-Alentejo, there are types of Mediterranean cultures: olives, figs, grapes, migdal and citrus fruits. Grapes and olives can also be grown at winter. Pickled olives for making olive olives and preserving sardines.

Provincial galuzy of the economy of Portugal є textile, sewing, swelling, ceramic and shipbuilding industry. The development is also automotive, electronic and chemical industry.

YUGOSLAVIA

Area - 102.2 yew. Km 2

Population - 10.4 million Chol.

Official Mova - Serbian

Status - Union Republic

The whole state is the federation of two republics - Serbia and Chornohora. Outside the area of ​​the Union Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) Chornogoria borrowed a total of 13.8 thousand tons. Km 2, and the population її become close to 520 yew. Cholovik. As much as 75% of the territory of Yugoslavia (in the boundaries before 1991) is occupied by flatlands and mountains. On the first visit, you can go through the Alps (Julian Alps), from the start - the Stara Planina mountains, and in the central part of the country, the Dinarskoye mountain with a series of parallel ridges. The winter-western part of Dinari was flooded with the Adriatic Sea, and at the most numerous islands were established, and the shores were knotted.

The head of the FRY is the president, who can be scammed by the parliament of the country in a line of 4 fate. The major legislative body of the FRY is the Assembly, which consists of two chambers - Vicha Gromadyan (the lower chamber, 138 deputies are fighting for the norm 1 deputy from 65 thousand. ... Allied deputies use the term for 4 rock. Vikonavcha vlada zd_ysnyuєtsya allied district. Groshova one of the FRY is a dinar.

On the Uzbek coast, rich in inflows and bays, the middle sea climate and the archway - for the rik of the fall, up to 3000 mm fall. However, in the world of penetration into the depths of the mainland, it becomes as continental as it is. The average temperature today varies from - 1 to + 9 ° C, lime trees - from 19 to 25 ° C. The fall here is the Danube and its tributaries Drava, Sava, Morava set up wide valleys in Yugoslavia in the middle of the Middle Danube region. At winter, de klimat, fill the soft and roaming black earth soils,

It has long been a development of the Silskoe statehood.

The land has significant reserves of cinnamon copalins: ores of color metals, chromium, bore vugilla, naphtha, gas, minerals and minerals, Bagata lisom and hydraulic resources. The production of electricity in Yugoslavia to become 37.2 billion kW · year (1995).

The population of the land will become 10.8 million people. Among them are Serbs (63%), Albanians (16.6%), Chornohors (5%), Ugorts, Bosnians and In. Official Mova - Serbian-Croatian. The capital of Yugoslavia is the city of Belgrade.

The FRY has developed chorn and colorov (high-grade aluminum, medium) metallurgy, mechanical engineering, chemical, cellulose-paper, textile, kharchova industry.

Silske the statehood is not just about securing the land, but about exporting products to the cordon. The main agricultural cultures: wheat, beetroots, dormouse; fruitfulness (overly angry) and viticulture. Rosvinene breeding of great horny thinness, pig breeding, breeding.

The main galuzy of the economy of the FRY is the syrovin and the goods, the food comrades, the machinery and the industrial establishment.

CROATIA

Area - 56.6 yew. Km 2

Population - 4.8 million Chol.

Office mova - Croatian

Roztashuvalasya on the Uzbek coast of the Adriatic Sea of ​​the Republic of Croatia pov'yazuy Zakhidnu Europe with the Balkans and the Close Gathering. At the same hour її zruchnі sea ​​port indispensable for the "land" of Austria, Czechia, Ugorshchyna. Unimportant on small regions of the land, nature is even more dynamic: hump and rural space, suvor Ainarskoe nagir'ya, subtropic Uzbek Adriatic.

In the great Yugoslavia of Croatia, there has been one of the most economically roving republics, and moreover, the influx of the Silk statehood has been reversed. Here you can see vugilla, naphtha and gas, black and colore metallurgy, machinery, textile and hygienic-blooming industry.

The capital of Croatia is the city of Zagreb. Vіn nalichu ponad 700 yew. Residents. One of the most beautiful places in the world is Dubrovnik on the birch trees of the Adriatica. The great museum under the open sky and before that is a wonderful resort.

Croatians, it’s good to be Catholic.

BOSNIA I HERZEGOVINA

Area - 51 yew. Km 2

Population - 3.3 million Chol.

Official movi - Bosanska, Serbian, Croatian

According to the new constitutional state, the state is so called “the flesh of the federation”, which is formed from two institutions: the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Serbia.

As many as 1/2 of the population of the country is a spoken word that promotes Islam (close to 40%), 31% are Orthodox Christians (in the main population of the Serbian Republic), and close to 15% see the Catholic Church.

The land in the main, and the part of the Silskoy government in the national income, become less than a trocha more than 10%. The promiscuity of Bosnia and Herzegovina, however, once lost itself under the yoke of Osman, began to actively develop only the writing of the Other Holy Week. At the moment, woodworking, metallurgical, chemical, kharchova and ін are kindly developed.

The capital of the federation, the city of Sarayevo, is the industrial and cultural center of the country. Krim number industrial enterprises in the place is the Academy of Sciences and Arts, as well as the Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a university,

art gallery.

SLOVENIA

Area - 20.3 yew. Km 2

Population - 1.9 million Chol.

Office mova - Slovenian

Slovenia is the Alpine land. The Triglav peak in the Yuliyskie Alps reaches 2863 m. It is built for tourism and sports. First and foremost, the tourist business is bringing the Chimali states to their destination. On the other hand, the republic has a good and good economy: electricity, chorna and kolorova metallurgy give 50% of the national income. Vyuyuchi Slovenes the head rank of Catholics. Near the capital of Slovenia - the city of Ljubljana, buildings were protected near the Baroque style of the bishop's palace (XVI-XVIII centuries), the Church of St. Jacob (XVII century) and I Ursulines (XVIII century), Cathedral of St. XVIII century).

MACEDONIA

Area - 25.7 yew. Km 2

Population - 1.9 million Chol.

Office mova - Macedonian

Macedonia is a land of mountainous and, by the way, garna. One of the memorials is Lake Ohrid, on the birch tree there is an ancient place of Ohrid. Roztashovans on the cordon from Albania, the clearest lake is even more rich in ribbons. To find a place in the center of all guests, bulo prompted a lot of comfortable hotels and tourist complexes. However, the war in the siddny Kosov destroyed all the plans, and in the republic it rushed along the ethnic Albanians.

Economically Macedonia is weaker than all the other large Yugoslav republics. Here you can add chromium, mineral, lead-zinc and gold ores, manganese. Є enterprises of black and color metallurgy, machinery, chemical and pharmaceutical, light and food industries.

The capital of Macedonia - the city of Skop'є in 1963 was planted with a strong earthquake, which in the new mayzhe did not overflow with old-fashioned buddies. In quiet time, there will be robots on the renewal of architectural monuments, there will be new quarters, which are in their own way added.

With the announcement of 1991, the problems of the name of a new independent state were identified in Yugoslavia. Gretsiya protested against the "swing" of the Slovenian land on the Yelinskaya spadshchina and vimagala, but the name of Bula was supplemented with the words "Slov'yanska", "Vardarska" (according to the head of Richtsi Vardar) or even "Yumoslavia" (Macedonian) As a result of the official, the name of the state was not approved by the international sports industry and in the end of the 1990s.

ALBANIA

Area - 28.7 yew. Km 2

Population - 3.4 million Chol.

Office mova - Albanian

GDP - insignificant

Status - Parliamentary Republic

In a not great power, roztasovany at the entrance of the Balkan Pivostrov, the village borrows only the smog of the Adriatic Uzbek, and the whole territory is covered by the mountains of the Pivnich Albanian Alps. There is also a nifty point of Albania - the Korabi ridge. Yogo visota syagaє 2764 m.

Albania is a parliamentary republic. The head of the state is the president, who can be scammed by the parliament for 5 years. The most important body of sovereign power and the only legislative body is the Couvend (Parliament), which consists of 140 deputies, which is picked up by a path of out-of-the-box vibrations in a line of 4 rock. Viscous viconavchy and ordering body - Rada ministries. Groshova odinitsya Albania - lek.

Climat in Albania is subtropical Middle Sea. On the ravines, the weather is very dry, and the weather is very dry. The mountains are colder and colder. The average temperature is 8-9 ° С, the lime tree is 24-25 ° С.

In Albania, load naphtha, natural gas, lignite, chromium, medium and zalizonikel ores. In the structures of industry, the ginzhoboobuvny galuzi occupy the main place. Electricity production to become 4.4 billion kW. h, the chief rank on the HES is located on the riches Drin.

Albania National Warehouse to complete one-sided warehouse. The bulk of the population is Albanian (96%), and only a small number of Greeks live in the population. However, the middle of the Albanians dozens of times, the tribe of visions, which were started by a serious transition to unite the land. Tirana (about 560 thousand people) became the capital of Albania in 1920 r. In Denmark, the most political and economic center of the country.

Albania has developed black and color metallurgy, metal processing, mechanical engineering, chemical, textile, grub, woodworking, paper and naphtha processing industries.

Provincial galuz of the Silskoy statehood - roslinnitstvo. Grain culture, tyutyun, dormouse, growth of fruit (olives, citrus), viticulture, mountain pasture creation.

The assessment of the country of the economy of Albania is superbly easy, so that through the political shocks of the Republic of Albania it will become one of the best European powers.

Greece

Area - 132 yew. Km 2

Population - 10.5 million Chol.

Office mova - walnut

GDP - 111.9 billion USD

Status - Republic.

Greece was roasted at the beginning of the Balkan Peninsula and includes more than 2,000 adjacent islands of the Middle-Earth Sea, which fall close to 20% of the territory of the country. Perevazhaє mountainous mistsevist, the main breed є vapnyaks. The territory of Greece is crossed by a series of great rivers with heavily porous shores. Dovzhina coastline - close to 4000 km. Three main girski systems: mountain Pind, which stretch from Albania to the Peloponnese; the coastal ridge with the most attractive point - Mount Olimp (2917 m) - stretching on the road to Gretskoi Macedonia; і burn the Rhodope Mountains at a wine time to distribute Greece and Bulgaria. Near the place of Thessalonica and in the province of Thessaly, the most great lowlands have grown. Crete (8336 km) - the largest of the islands - є the continuation of the Peloponnesian mountains. Main island systems: Kiklady on the mainland of the Aegean Sea, where 200 small islands are covered; Ionichni islands in the western part of Uzbekistan, Yegeiski and Dodecanese islands in Turechchini. Finding a small river of Grecia - Alyakmon (mayzhe 300 km).

Greece is a parliamentary republic with a presidential form of government. The head of the state is the president, and the parliament is looking for a five-term term. Legislative ownership should be imposed on the parliament - the Chamber of Deputies (unicameral, in a line of 4) and the president of the republic. Vikonavcha vlada is going to be the president of the district. Groshov's unit of Greece is the drachma.

Climat Gretsiya is a Mediterranean one, with a dry hot summer and a cold plank winter. The most dry and specotnі mіsyatsі on rіk - linden and serpen. At the end of the middle hour, the temperature on the lowlands rises from 25 to 28 ° C, a little bit to 40 ° C, and sometimes up to 46 ° C. On the Uzbek coastline, in the summertime, breezes are breezy. Near the mountains at wintertime in Greece, the temperature drops below Pro ° C, and the temperature drops to a lower level.

In the Girsk regions there are insignificant genera of asbestos, bauxite, chromite, vugilla, zaliz, lead, lignite, manganese and nickel. Aluminum, nickel and zalizo vykorystovyutsya in the main for the consumer industry. Electricity production in Greece to become 41.5 billion kWh per year, mainly at thermal power plants.

The majority of the population of the land are Greeks; national minorities - small groups of Albanians, Macedonians, Warmen and Turks. My spіlkuvannya in the occasion of Greece to serve as a wiklyuchno Novogretska, which has risen from the classic walnut movi.

Greece - industrial-agrarian land: industry is 27% of the gross domestic product. Naybіlsh rozvinenі is easy and the food industry, the products of which are exported in the rich regions of Europe. So, Greece itself is exporting fabrics, textile comrades that swelled. Kharchova industry of Greece exporting olives, olive olia (according to the third edition of the country it is worth at the third month of Spain and Italy), tyutyun, wines, juices, fruits and vegetables. Among the galuzei of important industries, there are videotapes of bauxite (aluminum ores), nickel ores (95% of the foreign reserves in Western Europe), marmor of old houses, lead ores, medium, medium Obrobny halusi are represented by black and color metallurgy, virobic acids and mineral good. Closely 2/3 of Greece's vigilante strains was taken up in the capital - Athens, and the port of Pireus was practically angry with her. There is only one place, which can be seen in Athens for promislovim potential, - Saloniki.

On the scale of the whole land, the Silskoy state dignity has the main place, 25% of the native population is occupied in the new one. Still in 1960-і pp. The figure became ponad 50%. 30% of agricultural crops are taken for grain crops, 40% - for pasture. Batching wheat in the main season, rationally vikoristovuchi winters fall. For internal use, you will need to grow a beet and a cartop; in areas with increased logistics є small grow rice. Tyutyun, bavovna, grapes and olives are important for expert culture. Grapes grow at home, tyutyun - at home. Grecia is the third largest olive exporter in the world. More important than the mice of borrowing is the viroshuvannya of citrus fruits. Sheep and kiz are raised on the whole territory of the country. Foxes covered 20% of the territory.

The important thing about the economy is shipfaring. Sea fleet not only tied by the sea parts of the land (all in Greece there are 156 ports), but serve as a "visitor". Lease of sea vessels by earth companies to bring great income to the country - $ 1 billion dollars.

BULGARIA

Area - 110.9 yew. Km 2

Population - 8.24 million Chol.

Office mova - bulgarska

GDP - USD 14 billion

Status - Republic

Pivnichna of the bordering Balkan state (which means Rumunia) to pass the bridle of the great European river Danube. At the entrance of Bulgaria between Yugoslavia and Macedonia, at the entrance to Greece and Turechchino. Shidne uzberezhzhya kraini ivaє Chorne more. The coastal region of the Danube is occupied by a large Nizhniy Dunaiska hunchbacked plain, at the descent to cross into the Dobrudzha plateau. In the world of penetration into the land of the land, the relf changes: there are Balkan mountains (the Bulgarian name is Stara-Planina) and less than the visoka girská lantsyug Sredna-Gora. At the first entry of Bulgaria, the Girski Massivi Pirin and Rila rose from the most attractive point of the Balkan Peninsula, Mount Musala (2925 m). The Rhodope is framed by the land for the first time. Mіzh Rhodope and Sredna-Gora roztashovna roducha Verkhnyofrakіyska lowland.

Bulgaria is a republic with parliamentary administrations. The head of the state - the president is going to get rid of the inhabitants of the land for 4 rockets. The progressively active body of the legislature - the unicameral Narodni Zbori (240 deputies) - has a line of four. Groshova Odinitsa Bulgaria - Lev

The climat of Bulgaria is reconciled, at the beginning it is transferred to the middle of the sea. On the valleys, the average temperature is from -2 to 2 ° С, lime trees up to 25 ° С. Great rivers of Bulgaria - Danube, Maritsa.

Bulgaria has 30.8 million tons of lignite, mainly in the feather bed and Old Zagory, and the reserves of cinnamon copalins are insignificant. 40% of electricity is supplied by nuclear power plants, and 60% by heat and hydroelectric power plants. Electricity production in Bulgaria to become 41.8 billion kW · a year.

In the country, they live in the main Bulgarians (close to 85% of the population), є large Turkish community (approximately 10%), Greeks, Tsigani people (close to 5%). Most of the population of the land is Orthodox Christians, the deyaka is part of the Bulgarians, both the Bulgarian Turks are Muslims. The capital and the main industrial center is Sofia roztashovana pa ricci Іskir. Plovdiv, another for the size of the Bulgarian town, is inhabited by a warehouse 341 058 people, located in the village of Maritsa.

The industry has the most development of mechanical engineering, black and color metallurgy, chemical, naphtha and woodworking industry.

Ornі land to become, 37% of the territory of the country, and 19% to become vicarious from the pasture. The Silskoe State Government has a role to play in maintaining the production of grain and legumes, as well as tyutyun, vegetables, fruits, grapes, and food crops. Bulgaria has been loaned the 1st month in the light of the export and export of horny oil. Rosvinene meat-and-wool tvarinnystvo.

The main galus of the economy of Bulgaria is the production of machinery, electrical and chemical products, plastics, vegetables, fruits, wine and tyutyunovies.

Area - 237.5 yew. Km 2

Population - 22.6 million Chol.

Office mova - rumunska

GDP - 37 billion USD

Status - Republic

In the winter on the first day of the territory of the country, cross the Carpathian mountains, then go to the Transilvansky Alpi (the most important summit is the mountain rose, 2548 m). On the west side, the Transylvanian plateau reaches the height of 400-500 m. Golovna Richka- Danube with tributaries Zhiu, Olt, Siret, Prut. 27% of the territory is occupied by foxes, the chief rank in the hir regions; on the plains, there is a large part of such a roseoran, ferrying stepov and lisostepov roslinness. National Park- Retezat.

Rumunia is a republic. The head of the state is the president. Go to the populations for 4 rocky. The President recognizes the Prime Minister. I will legislate the current parliament, which will be formed from the election of deputies and the senate, to be collected in a line of 4 fate. Vishchy administrative body - uryad. Groshova is one of Rumunia - lei.

The climate of Rumunia is world-continental with hot summer and cold winter. On the plains, the average temperature is from -5 ° C, in the mountains up to -10 ° C. The temperature of lime trees is 20-23 and 18-16 ° C. The fall falls up to 300-700 mm in the river (in the mountains up to 1500 mm).

In general, the country sees close to 7 million tons of oil and 15.9 billion. cubic meters gas, zooseredzheniye in Kluzhsky rodovischі. A vidobutk of brown woolen in Petrosheni, at the entrance of the Transilvan Alps, to become 41 million tons per rik. The electrical power industry in Rumunia is to become 59.3 billion kW a year, the leading rank at the TES.

Rumunia is a rich-national power: 89% of the population is Rumanian, from the disputes of the Romance peoples. Ugorts store 7.1% of the population, the stench is in the main Catholic. In the country є nimtsi, Serbs, Bulgarians, єvrei, Virmeni, Greeks and Russians. Especially rich in tsigan, ale statistically dzherela diverge at a given number: from 1 to 2 million Cholovik. the most promislovom centerє Bucharest, sewing on the banks of Dimboviti. Closely 51% of the Romanians live in the Muscovy, and the figure is fast growing. Another for the size of the place is Brasov (323 835 inhabitants).

Rumunia's development has machinery and metal processing. So the very development of black and color metallurgy, chemical, naphtha, woodworking and gourmet industry.

Ornі land becomes 46% of the territory of the country, and more 19% becomes vicarious from the pasture. More than half of the population is occupied by surplus land. In the Silskoy Government, the growing of grain crops directly, the main grain crops - corn and wheat, technical - tsukrovi beetroots, dormouse; vegetable, viticulture, fruitfulness. The breeding of the great horned thinness, pigs, sheep, poultry, and so on itself is not bred.

By provincial economics galuzami є machinery and metal processing, black and color metallurgy, chemical, naphtha, woodworking and gourmet industry.

EALTH

Area - 93 yew. Km 2

Population - 10.1 million Chol.

Office mova - ugorska

GDP - 49 billion USD

Status - Republic

The largest part of the Ugorshchina is borrowed from the Serednyodunaiska Rivnina, it is otochened by mountains. Richka Danube to extend the land into two parts. At the turn of the Danube, the Great Serednodunaiska lower reaches spread out, covered by the channels of the Tisi and її tributary. Vona lie on a height close to 200 m above the sea level. On the Danube and the Yew part of the flood. At the beginning of the pivnin, in the ridge of not high gir, there is a point of the Ugorshchyna - the Kekesh River (1015 m). Land at the entrance to the Danube є to the humpbacked plain. There is also Lake Balaton, the largest in Central Europe, with an area of ​​600 km2. The lands of the Middle Danube lowlands are actively cultivated, protects close to 18% of the territory of the country, especially on the hills, covered with forests.

Ugorshchina - parliamentary republic. The head of the state is the president. The most important legislative body of the sovereign power is the unicameral State Zbori, which can be collected with foreign and direct selections for 4 seats in the warehouse of 386 deputies. The most important body of sovereign government є uryad.

The climate of the Ugorshchyna is continental with a cold winter and a warm summer. Morskі vіtrі vіrіdka penetrate into the glib of the land. The average temperature of lime trees in Budapest is 22 ° С, and the average temperature is -1 ° С. Scorchous number of fallen down reach 600 mm. The cold period is interspersed with leagues. Snowy cover trims for 30 to 40 days, and the Danube does not often get covered with ice for a trivial hour.

Ugorshchina is not rich in korisny kopalini. At the Seged Basin and the Valley of the Hall, naphtha and gas are being bought, and the country is transferring the evidence of unreconstructed reserves of natural gas. At winter time, 14 million tons of Brown Vugilla are seen, and near the place of Pecs - 2 million tons of Kam'yanii Vugilla. Є Load bauxite, small reserves of gold ore, developed the ancestry of the midi. Electricity production in Ugorshchyna to become 34 billion kW per year, the leading rank at the TES.

The population of the Ugorshchyna will become 10 million Choloviks, 97% of the population - Ugors. Miske population will become 62%. Office mova - ugorska. The capital of the Ugorshchyna is the city of Budapest.

The country has developed black and color metallurgy, mechanical engineering, including Avtobuduvannya, shipbuilding, virobnstvo zasobіv connection, calculating technology, medical possession; cheeky, easy and cheesy.

57% of the territory of the country is rozorano from the silskogospodarskiy reason, 13% is victorious in the pastoral culture. The staff of the great number of boards and warm lita On the Great Middle-Danish lower reaches, they pick up a lot of corn, wheat, barley, veins, red beets and sleepyheads, grow rice, fruits and vegetables, great vineyards (wine is going to be exported). In the country, there is a great number of pigs - and ptah farms, on a small land of native land to raise sheep and a great horned thinness. 18% of the territory of the Ugors is covered with foils; furniture and paperwork galusi were opened.

Providnі galuzі ekonomіki Ugorshchyna - machinery and possession, chemistry, alumina, silky sirovin and products, virobi light industry.

POLAND

Area - 322.6 yew. Km 2

Population - 38.7 million Chol.

Office mova - polska

GDP - 85 485 million USD

Status - Republic

A large part of the territory of Poland is the lower valley of the valley with a height of up to 200 m above the sea level. Pagorbi tilki at pivdni. The Baltic Uzbek coast is swampy by masses, heavily covered and covered with food dunes. Near the land, there are not very large pagorbi stretches, with mice zvvishki up to 300 m. Pivdenny cordon is surrounded by mountains. Sudetes at the first entry of the visit from the rostrum at the exit of the Carpathians by the so-called Moravian Gate. Nayvischі dіlyanka Carpathians - Beskydy and Visoki Tatry with the main point of Poland - Mount Risi (2499 m). Є a number of great rivers, zokrem Odra and Visla.

Poland is the parliamentary-presidential republic. The head of the state, the president, is in the possession of the viconavchu, turn in a line for 5 years, and Rada Ministries. The legislative body is parliament, which consists of two chambers - the Seim and the Senate. Deputies to the Diet (460 people) I Senator (100 people) Get a term for 4 rock. Groszowa is one of Poland's - zloty.

Climat of Poland is continental with great suvory winters; at the pivnos in the Uzbek coast of the Baltic there is a mellow і vology. Winter is getting colder in the world of sunshine at weekends and in girski districts on weekdays. Fall off rіvnomіrno vipadayut round rіk, in last hour parts of menace, winter snigov. V winter hour Snigovy trims trim in the middle 40 days on weekends and 60-70 days on weekends and gatherings. In Gdynia, the temperature of lime is + 17 ° C, and the average temperature is -1 ° C. In Warsaw, it is generally 20 ° C and -3 ° C. The average fall is 660 mm in Gdin and 560 mm in Warsaw.

Poland vidobuvє 190 mln. T. Kam'yanogo vugіll in rіk, luggage roztashovanі head rank in Sіlezkoy basin; also 70 million tons of brown coal on the west side of Warsaw. Інші corysnі kopalini: mid і sіrka, є significant reserves of salt. Є small reserves of oil and natural gas, lead and medium. 75% of the electricity is powered by the CHP, which is mainly powered by Kamyan and brown wood. Minor obligations have naphtha and gas, only one AES. The country has close to 100 GES, especially in the winter.

The population of Poland will become 38.7 million. Poles, 98% are Poles. Population of Miske is 62.1%. Office mova - Polish. The capital of Poland is Warsaw.

Poland has developed textile, sewing, kharchov, shkirano-swelling, furniture, cement and sklyana industry.

49% of the territory of the country roseorano pid s.-g. guessing, 13% are victorious in the pastoral creation. 30% of the original population is occupied by the Silskoe State. On the European Rivnini rozvineni dairy products and pigs. On top of the common soils, yak food and forage, rotate grain, cartope, beet and oats. On new forest grounds - sow wheat and barley. In the hirsky regions, to breed a great horned thinness and sheep, in the neighboring zones to grow vegetables and fruits.

Poland's provincial economies - automobiles and possessions, chemistry, food and drink, and light industry.

Area - 78.9 yew. Km 2

Population - 10.3 million Chol.

Office mova - cheska

GDP - 47.3 billion US dollars

Status - Republic

Bohemia and Moravia enter the warehouse of the land. Bohemia is a plateau, sharpened by the canes of the Bohemian massif. Nayvischi Gori in Krokonoshi. Nayvishchy peak - Mount Snizhka (1602 m). The territory of Moravia is covered with coniferous forests. The main river is Laba (Elba) (370 km), if the length of the Vltavi is longer - 430 km. The country has 435 lakes, 21,800 piece ribogospodar rates and free mineral dzherels.

Czech Republic - republic. The head of the state is the president, the parliament has a line of 5 years. Legislating the dominion should be imposed on the parliament, which consists of two chambers - the chamber of deputies and the senate. The Chamber of Deputies (200 members) is based on 4 rockets, and the Senate (81 senators) - a term of 6 rocky, with 1/3 of the list, there are 2 rockets. Vishchy Vikonavchy organ - uryad. Grošov's one of the Czechs is the crown.

Climate in the Czech Republic is continental with a short hot summer and a cold winter. The average temperature in lime in the rural part is close to 20 ° C, and in the mountains 8 - 11 ° C. The average temperature in the middle ranges from -1 to -2 ° C, and in the mountains from -5 to -7 ° C. The average temperature in Praz is -1.5 ° C in the middle and 19.4 ° C in lime at 483 mm of fall.

Black and Storm vugilla vidobuvayut Bilya Most, Khomugov, Klado, Ostravi and Sokolov. Naybіlshі load of a brown wugіllja get to work near Sokolov (15 million tons per rik). 90% of the viewport of the Black Vugil comes from Ostrava. The country has ample reserves of vapnyak and dry food. 2% of electricity is supplied to the Dukovan NPP near the city of Brno. Another 68% goes from thermal power plants to work on brown coal, and 10% is generated by hydroelectric power plants.

The population of the Czech warehouse is 10.3 million. Among them are Czechs 81.3%, Slovaks 3%. Office mova - cheska. The capital of the Czech Republic is Prague

Cheska metallurgy is based on import syrovin. Among the іnshikh key hallways - vyrobnitstvo cement, cars, chemistry, slope, swelling that tree. Rozvinenі lіsove statehood that woodworking. Cheske beer vіdoma in all svіtі.

Silskogospodarsky will borrow 55% of the territory of the country. The main crops are wheat, tsukrovy beetroots, potatoes, wheat, corn, barley and hmil. Widely rozvinne myasne tvarinnystvo, especially pig-breeding. So it is in the Czech Republic to grow grapes.

The main galus of economics is the production of dairy products and the riboprocessing industry.

SLOVACCINA

Area - 49 yew. Km 2

Population - 5.3 million Chol.

Office mova - Slovak

GDP - USD 18 billion

Status - Republic

Gori Tatri is the most beautiful ridge of the Central Carpathians. find a point Peak Gerlach (2 654 m). On the whole, on the banks of the rivers found in Slovakia, there is a stretch of the Danube Rivnina.

Slovakia is a republic. The head of the state is the president, the parliament gets rid of the secret votes in a line of 5 rockyvs. Legislating the ownership of the National Radio. A unicameral parliament, a line of four. Vishchy Vikonavchy organ - uryad.

Climate in Slovakia is continental with warm summer and cold winter. Planks (close to 400 mm fell off at the rural part and 1000 mm in the mountains fall over the top. lime.

Korisnі kopalini zoseredzhenі head rank in the Slovak ore mountains. On the territory of Slovakia, there are genera of gold ore, surmi, magnesite, manganese. Electricity production in Slovakia warehouses 25.2 billion kW · year.

Population 5.5 million Cholovik. About 87% of them are Slovaks, as well as Ugors, Czechs, Ukrainians and others. Office mova - Slovak. Capital of Slovakia - Bratislava

Slovakia has a rooted chavunna, steel making, cement, sklyana and chemical industry. It is easy and swollen to carry the goods in the transport industry. The third of the area of ​​Slovakia is covered with forests (green, broad-leaved and conifers). Tsim was informed about the development of woodworking industry in the country.

The main culture that grows in Slovakia is wheat, red beetroots, potatoes, barley and corn. In the land, meat and milk cattle breeding.

The main hallucinations of the economy are the production of automobiles and possession, products of naphtha-processing, chemical and wood-processing industries, the Silskoy government and others.

List of vikoristanoi literature.

1. Advisor of the country to the world

View. "Republic" Moscow 1999

Ch. editor I.S. Ivanov

2. Great encyclopedic vocabulary-previdnik

View. "Great Russian Encyclopedia" Moscow 1996

Ch. editor A.N. Prokhorov

3. Encyclopedia for children "Avanta +" volume 13

Krainy. People. civilization

View. "Avanta +" Moscow 2000

Ch. editor V.A. Volodin

4. Atlas of light

View. "OLMA - PRES" Moscow 2000

Ch. editor Philip Steel

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Methodological principles, chronological and territorial framework of the previous period. The first distribution of "Special features of Islam in the provinces of Western Europe (an analytical analysis of Nimechchina and France)" looks at the historical roots of the formation of Muslim men in Nicholas for the conquest of the French system, ...

Absolute monarchy. However, on the view of continental Europe, the English absolutism has a number of peculiarities that allow for the significance of such "incompleteness". 3. Fundamentals of the feudal law of the territories of Western Europe 3.1 Salichna truth Formation of statehood among the Frankish tribes supervised over the rule of law. Tse zvіysnyuvalosya for help stocks of ancient Germanic names. So they showed up "...