National freedom of folklore. Folklore is a kind of art. Peculiarities of folklore along with other types of art. Collective and individual, strength and wisdom, variability, syncretism in folklore
Features of folklore:
The originality of canopies and genres in folklore. Classification of genres, their genetic interconnection and historical ministry.
Folklore genre is the essence of creations, which share the spirit of the poetic system, by-key designation, forms of vikonannya and musical harmony. (V.Ya. Propp) Genre є one of the classifications of folklore
F-r last for canopies, and canopies for genre. If the basis of the classification of worship is the way of creating creations, then the f-r will be divided into ceremonial and extra-rite.
1) Epos visualization of action in an informative form in the view of objectival pictures. In epic folklore genres, the hero's encounter with supernatural or real opponents
Pisennі (vіrshovanі)
historical pictures
spiritual issues
prose
Kazkova prose
Kazki about tvarin
Jokes
unspeakable prose
Transferred
Bilichki (demonological rozpovidі)
2) Lyrica- lyric poetically imagining the inner, the mental camp of the people
Parts (rituals, non-rituals)
Voice (only rituals)
3) Dramatic the genre of folklore cannibalize the species-and-game nature
Rituals іgrischa (grew into vidmezhі potihi)
dramatic іgri
Pizni theatrical genres (folklore theater)
Theater of Living Actors (folk drama)
Lyalkovy Theater (nativity scene, Petrushka)
Raek (theater of pictures with explanations before them)
I will help you to play folklore creations to:
1) Ritual
ritual calendar
ceremonial semeiniy
2) extra-ritual
Created by mali genre folklore:
Send those orders
And also see yak childish folklore... (Koliskov, dragons, horror stories, calls, etc., folklore of working people (songs, parts, prose), folklore BBB (parts, f-r to the front, Tilu, vikradenikh in payback, Peremogi etc.) Kozhen folklore genre has its own number of heroes, its own plot and style, all folklore genres vzamopov'yazani, set up the system. The system has old F.Zh. and on the basis of this new people will be able to live.
The genetic link of the genres of transmission, but the genre is based on the foreground general folklore basis, due to the fact that the authorities in the world or even more particularity, for one genre serve as a ground for the judgment of the latter. So, the bilina was not deprived of the basis of early types of heroic pictures, ale, and on the basis of legendary Kazakh genres. Have your own chergu, bilina overflowing historical songs. Qiu dot zoru having learned from his robots Potebnya.
Buslaev the ear of malikh genres having produced proofs, vazhayuchi, scho prisliv'ya, orders, riddles go from the fabulous basis like the insight of the “wisdom of the people”. Evolyutsiynyy shlyakh pozhazhennya genres pov'yazu їх around. In the history of folklore, there are antiquated appearances - an infusion of new genres into the old and the development of the old, along with an influx of new genres. So, the historical song, having recognized as a continuation of the bilini, itself, in its own devil, in the biline of change: a greater development of social conflicts and the illumination of special heroes, prompting the memory of the poets, In a peculiar form of interconnection of genres in folklore, the inclusion of works of one genre in the creation of others. So, it is possible to sposter admission to bilin and lyricism, de von to serve as a visnovka, an aphoristic visnovka or a moral rule that regulates behavior diyovykh osіb abo hіd dії. And in the kazku enter the letters.
Riddles і іх mісce in the systems of genres of folklore. The designation for the genre. Zmіst and artistic specialties. Choosing and vivchennya of riddles.
The riddle is a short, poetic, cunning description of food, in which it is necessary to give a message, "a metaphor has been well formed."
The mystery is a special place in the middle of the genres of folklore. Zm_st of riddles imagining the life of people, navkolishnє yogo action: roslinny i tvarinny svit, The manifestations of nature, objects of pratsi and pobut. її artist specialty polyaga in metaphoricity, also vicaristic to be perceived as a result, hyperbole. Riddles will be based on the principle of appropriateness, but also for the visibility of objects. The smell can be simple and foldable. Simple riddles have one image. Folding riddles have a picture whether it is a diya or a pod.
In the 60s of the 19th century, V.V. Mitrofanova started to continue the riddles of riddles, yaka zrobila, mabut, nyvagomishy vyvchennya.
Zbirannya i vivchennya bilin.
The ear of vivchennya bilin is carried up to the first half of the 18th century, if they are cited in the history of V.N. Tatishchev and G.F. Miller. Vony rated bilini as dzherelo vіdomosti about the life of the Russian people before the family period. KF Kalaydovich, editor of another version (1818) of the collection of Kirsha Danilov. Historical pidkhid to bilin buv authorities also to the history of N.I. Kostomarov and publicist and writer K. S. Aksakov. Ostanniy, protest, in the words of the janophilic dusi of the tlumach bilini, whispering in them the idealization of patriarchy and the representation of religious morality. Kostomarov put the bilines with the literal rekazy, uh, on your dummy, allowing you to play the bells with the historical podіy. Gliboke and progressive tlumachennya bilin given by V.G.Bulinsky. In 1841 he wrote a number of articles about folk art and a review of the collection of Kirsha Danilov. Winning in the bilines is not only the image of suspicious witnesses and minds of the life of the people, ala and viraz of their historical svidosti. Bolinsky meaning the patriotic character of the Bilin, poeticization of physical strength, altogether without defeating in them the fight against social evil. The peculiarities of the bilin vin vvvavvvvshuyu the form, the image of the feats of the rich, the caste of deyakyh situations, not ringing them, however, with mythological motives. The main thoughts of the Bulinsky Boule of N. G. Chernishevsky and N. A. Dobrolyubov. Chernishevsky highly appreciated the Russian bilini, wanting to put on the action the static and the same image of the pictures in them. Pidyruntyam eposu vin respecting the fate of the people in the great podії. Dobrolyubov visloviv the most important world about the idea of meaning bilin. On yogo thought, they were caught up in a lot of people about their life; at the time of the Mongol-Tatar oppression, the world took on a fantastic and hyperbolic character. Look at Bulinsky, Chernishevsky and Dobrolyubov gave the basis for the formation of a historical school. Someone was assisted by the judgments about the bilins of household pickers by P.N. Ribnikov and A.F. At the same time, the process in bilinovedenii buvs of obtrusions into the inflow of the nimetsky mythological school, the founder of which is Jacob Grimm. З 50-х years of XIX century. in Russian folkloristic studies, they began to form especially directly in the direction of bilin. The first of them is a mythological, or a mythological school, as you call him. Wono bulo is presented by F.I. Buslauva, O. F. Miller and I. Representatives of the mythological school respected that ancient mythological reports should lie in the basis of ethnic genres. Fedir Ivanovich Buslaev (1818-1897), professor of the Moscow University, having devoted his science to being an addict to the mythological approach to folklore, until the end of the day. The history of the story is for three periods: mythological, double and Christian. On yogo thought, epos having learned yak mythological, heroes like gods, then turn into heroic, in which more and more historical figures have been accepted. At the heart of the bilin lie a long time ago, the language of the hour, which later became history. Look F. І. Buslaivs were meaningfully seen from the glances of Y. Grimm, so they put food about the suspicious meaning and moral ambushes of folklore. Basic robots F.I. Buslava selected in the books: "Historical Drawings of Russian Folk Literature and Mistress" (1861); Kireevsky і Ribnikov, і "Pobutovі verstvo rosіyskogo eposu". Glibokim Bilin Buv Orest Fedorovich Miller (1833-1889). Have your book “Ilya Muromets and wealth of Kiev. Porіvnialno-critical caution over the globular warehouse of the Russian Eposu "(1869) Miller pushed openly to find the mythological basis of the images of the wealthy, like, on your thought, the forces of the united forces were fought for Criticism of robotics by O. Miller F.I. Buslauva and A.A. Kotli-Revsk showed that the mythological school was going through a big crisis. Dyysno, soon Buslaev will move to the best scientific positions. In Russian folkloristic studies, this is the name of the school of precariousness. The theory of the postponed, or the migration theory, is the winner in Nimechchin. Theodore Benfey was the founder, who in 1859 saw his translation of the Indian book "Pancha Tantra" with a lecture introduction; native peoples ... Tse is a phenomenon in explaining the suspected plots of one people among the others. In 1868, in the journal "Visnik Evropi", the article was published by V.V. Stasov "Walking Russian Bilins". They have the author lastly victorious in the theory of suspicion for an explanation of the way of the Russian bilins. Meta of his robots, Stasov, having begun to fight against the words of the Janophile approach to bilin and criticism of the mythological theory. Your own meti win dosyag. Ale, explain the prokhodzhennya bilin not zmіg. Yogo was sharply criticized by A.F. Gilferding, O. F. Miller, P.I. Bessonov, F.I. Buslaev. Stasov was called in for an excess of the synonyms in the bilins. The most significant Russian folklorist O.M. Veselovsky (1838-1906) has taken a significant turn for the development of the theory. In his own preliminaries "Pivdennorosijskiy bilini" (1-2, 1881; 3-4, 1884), there is a new approach to the problem of suspicious plots. Winning and doing two-sided process 139: "The suspicion of the transmission of the musical medium with motives or plots, which were brought from the side," wrote Win in "Poetitsi Plots". Moreover, the main point of view is NOT suspicious, but in flux, I seem to be more wide and more flanked, less suspicious. Winning the so-called theory of musical leaks and criticizing quietly addicts to the theory of suspicion, as they evoked one motive, forgetting about the artistic whole. Prior to the theory, the suspicion was accepted and the deeds were more young. M.G. Halansky in the monograph "Great Russian Bilini of the Kiev Cycle" (1885) from the beginning of the Bilin until the last hour, but the cycle of the cycle between Kiev and Prince Volodymyr of the XVI century. At the great pratsi "Pivdennoslov'yansky reports about" Kralovich Marke in connection with the Russian Bilevie eposu "(1893-1896) SSMSC zastosovuvalisya mіfologіchnoї school i prihilnikami mіgratsіynoї teorії, viklikala їh GOSTR criticism. їh zvinuvachuvali in vіdrivі rosіyskogo EPOS od rosіyskoї іstorії. at rosіyskіy folkloristitsі was skladatisya Novi NAUKOVO eg yak otrimalo titles іstorichnoї school. not zaperechuyuchi faktіv zapozichennya, Won Perche for all pragnula rozkriti The link between the Russian bilinas and the Russian history, explaining the history of the Russian suspicious life. the folk culture was erased. To that, there was a winnning of the revision of the original text bilin, knowing the upper one, i.e. E. Bilsh pizni, shari and yduchi to great early. The historical school has broken up the methodology of preaching bilin, created by V.F. Miller (1848-1913), beginning as follows: “... a lot of trials, depending on the possibilities, the period of the first formation and the region of the first trip. " VF Miller, the folding of the main part of the bilin, brought it to the pre-Mongolian hour, but at the time of the Ordinian yoke, the optimistic epic was not even flattened. Win vvvav on the same cycle of Kiev and Novgorod, explaining how Kiev and Novgorod bully are irregularly tied, politically, and economically. The epic of Volodymyr Miller, having given great significance at the time of the unification of the Russian lands, the independence and power of the state, the great historical podіy (reform, christening). At that very hour the bilini were formed. They ascribed the addition to the warriors, and the character of their creativity was attributed to the aristocratic. On yogo dumka, from the middle of the court bilini, they went down to the middle of the common people of the city, and then to the village, de eh cob view, meaningfully changed. V.F. Miller was not sensible, but the policemen also represented the folk art. The main shortcomings of V.F. Miller's work are one-sidedness: in vvvvav bilini without pre-existing images of historical facts, zabuvayuchi, how the stench is a poetical creation. ... A. P. Skaftimov gave a picture of his scientific glances in the book "Poetics and genesis of bilin" (1924). The main robots of Miller are selected in two projects: "Excursions to the area of the Russian folk epic" (1892) and "Narisi Russian folk literature" (v. 1-3, 1897, 1910, 1924). At the radianskiy science, VF Miller's eyes were appraised in a reasonable way. There were two approaches to the historical side of the bilins: one was magalized from the historical side of the bilin, to know those parts and the individuals who rendered images in bilins (M. M. B. Plisetsky, L. I. Amelyanov); іnshі quickly saw yogo look, poklavl in the basis of the way to bilin rosumіnnya іkh yak artistic manifestation(V. Ya.Propp, B.N.Putilov). Mіsce і hour folding bilin. It is a lot of folklorists and historians to disperse in thoughts about the place of folding bilin. Deyaky vcheni vvazhayut, so raised the bilin on the cycle to indicate not only about those who serve Kiev or Novgorod, but about those who are warehoused in Kiev or Novgorod lands. However, the bilini were not built only in the named two political centers. Old Russia, Ale і in інshih mіstsyah. Tsya dumka Bula was lost in the XIX century, Potentially, MM Speranskiy, Yu. M. Sokolov, with vidmimi vіdmіnnosti-V. J. Propp and ін. The historical classification of the bilin is tied to the z tsim. V. Ya. Propp to divide bilini into three groups of creatures: during the period of development of feudal allegations, kudi to introduce bilini about the Volkhe and Svyatogor, bilini about matchmaking and bilini about the fight against monstrosities; epos period from the Mongol-Tatar bulk; Since the era of the establishment of the centralized Russian state, you are in vazhayuchi, but here you can bring the bilini about Mikula and Volga, Sukhman, Danila Lovchanin, Vasil Buslaev, Duke Stepanovich. So it’s impossible to accept it through the back-door motivation. V.P. Anikin to extend bilini to find (dokiyivski), tse bilini about the Volkhe, Danube, Potik; Kiev-about Dobrin, Sukhman, Danila Lovchanin, Churil, Solov'ya Budimiroviche; Volodymyro-Suzdal - about Illy Muromtsya, Alyosha Popovich (Rostovska); galitsko-volinsky - about Duke; pskov-novgorod-ski-about Volga and Mikula, Sadko, Vasil Buslaev; Chernigivske-Pro Ivan Gostiny Sina; bryansk-about Prince Roman and brothers Livik. For some robots it is recognized that in the XIV-XV centuries. during the process of "kievizatsii" bilin; the stench was pristosovuvalis to the Kiev cycle, included in the Zagalnorussian epic. V. Ya. Propp, meaning the pardon of the ideas of the people who were in charge of the theory of the regional proclamation of the Russian epic, were forgotten, but the zalnorussian epic. On the right here, not in "kievizatsi", but in that, even before the hour of folding new bilins, or the other options, the stench was directly included in the Zagalnorussian epic, which was widely seen and known. Mi vvazhaєmo, scho food about the Kiev cycle of forgiveness. The range of furnishings and materials allows for the creation of furnishings, which were brought up in the pre-Mongol hour, having fought against the pecheni and the Polovtsy; for an hour of yoke, in the process of evolution, wine, naturally, transforming. It is a great part of the Radianskih pupils to introduce the formulation to the bilin genre up to the X-XI century. The two main cycles of the Bilin - Kiev and Novgorod - were drawn up for an hour to the opening of Kiev and Novgorod, which were closely knitted between themselves. From the end of the XI Art. єdine Kiev state start to fall on the outskirts of the principality; the process in the new world developed in the XIII-XV centuries. Tse at once in the hour of the Mongol-Tatar panuvannya. Vidbuvaєtsya new comprehension of the formed earlier, bilin. The main enemies are ordinances. New bilini are being created - "Ilya and Kalin Tsar", "Ilya and Batiga", "Kamskiy Poboishche", "Vasil Gnatovich", "Dobrinia and Vasil Kazimiro-vich". It will take an hour to form the Zagalnorussian epic. In the new region there are plots, such as, at the same time, even a little, Ale is especially important є those, who are bilini, who come to the bottom, protest until the hours of Prince Volodymyr. It is very important to take care of Russian science (O. Miller). On the other hand, D.S. Having shown that the hour of the day will be carried through to the last and until the mind of the Russian past, as it is possible to call it "the epic era." In her turn on the epoch of Novgorod liberties. Tsia era - ideal antiquity, the hour of "Russian independence, glory and power", the hour of the "patriarchal interests of the prince and the squad of the rich", in particular, the devil of the people. D. S. Likhachov is of particular importance for the peculiarity of the Russian bilins: “Bilini bagatosharov, who have led the people by stretching out their capital. The bilins saw the plot and the found epic, the "docky" and the "Donovgorod", and the plot of the offensive capitals. However, in that and in the fall of the Bilin, we have been deprived of the play in the “epichnu era”, in the її I cleared up the historical situation. The basis for the image of the "epic era" was given by the hour of Volodymyr, Bagat important steps... Vono began to turn ideals to the people, especially before the hour of the Mongol-Tatar panuvannya. / It is clear what has been said. it is not possible to see the folding bilini at the hour when it appears in it. Submitted stage of development of the Russian epos -XV-XVII century. At the end of the hour, the new biline may not work, the old ones are comprehended at the touch of success. З XVII Art. Zagalnorussky Epos has started zgasati, I want to live the traditions of this year. Ide overcame the old plots, I often sing bilini, yak, for example, the inclusion of Ermak in the bilina about Illa Muromtsya. Epos is now living mainly in the outskirts of the region, most at Pivnochi. There is a change in the interpretation of these plots: they embrace anti-feudal and anti-church tendencies. Until the XVII century. in the evening there are bilines "Ilya and shinkovy hollows", "Ilya Muromets on Sokol-ships", "Dobrinia and Marinka".
Kiev cycle bilin.
The number of bilini took shape and developed in the period of early Russian statehood in Kiev Rus.
1) go to Kiev or close
2) Prince Volodymyr is in the center of the pod.
3) the main theme is Zahist Rus. lands from kochivniks.
4) historical busyness and typical for Kyiv Rus.
5) the paths and gates of the Russian land before the Mongolian period.
Kiev is the center of Russian lands. From Murom, Rostov, Ryazan, go to the rich for the service to Kiev. I am shaping the Kiev cycle. Historical furnishings in the 9-11th centuries, if Kiev is a great power. The stench was asleep in the service of the rich to the prince and the Russian land. The stench came in for a longer hour, fighting the Russians with the Tatar-Mongol yoke.
A number of rich people form: Ilya Muromets, Alosha Popovich, etc. Forward, the bilini boules were published in the collection "Old Russian st-ya" Danilov.
Heroic - include bilini, scho vinikli to the Tatar-Mongolian bulk, and bilini, tied with bulk.
One of the important and characteristic features of the special Kiev cycle is to serve the image of three rich people, including the share of such tightly knitted (Ilya Muromets, Alosha Popovich, Dobrinya Mikitich).
Bilins have kievs. the cycle was introduced by the chief image of the activity of the princely-friendly class of Kiev. Russia at military and peace hour. The main plots: 1) the exploits of the rich: a) in campaigns against the enemies, for clearing roads, for tributes, for fighting the Russian nobles, b) in the fight against the wicked, like killing Kiev, against the rapists) zastavi rich; 2) the matchmaker's names for Volodymyr and the rich, moreover, the matchmaker does not end up violently over his father's name and bring them from Kiev, for the sake of it or against their will; 3) well done by the wealthy at the court of Volodymyr, who are manifested in the rosy family of zmagannyas.
Epich. Kiev is a symbol of unity and sovereign independence of the Russian land. Here, at the courtyard of Prince Volodymyr, podії bagatokh bilin are seen. Vіyskovu mіts Rusі izoblyuyut rich. The middle of the rich bilin on the Persha is the place to hang, in those days Ilya Muromets, Dobrinya Mikitich and Alosha Popovich. The main landowners of the Russian land are victorious from three countries: the village, the prince and the priest. Bilini pragned to represent Russia as one in the fight against the enemies.
Illia - peasant syn, Originally from the village of Karacharova, bilya of the place of Murom. Up to thirty rockivs of wines, buvs of ailments - I didn’t volody either with my hands or with my feet. Zhebraki mandrіvniki vilіkuvali іll і presented with nebula power. The majestic power of Illy is guilty to bring the corny of all Russia, to the one who rushed to Kiev.
Pislya Іllі Muromtsya naybilsh loved by the people of Dobrinya Mikitich. Tse is a rich prince's proclamation, who lives in Kiev. The head on the right is his life - the service of Russia.
The Novgorod cycle is bilin.
The basis of the plots in the Novgorod cycle of Bilin was not military exploits and political podvig, but videotapes from the life of the bags of the great trading place - Veliky Novgorod. The buffoons were stored and distributed. Merchants, princes, villagers, Guslyar were the heroes of the Tsikh bilin bully.
Tsі bilini vvazhayutsya by-block, novelistic.
Зміст bilin:
1) Bilini about Sadko
2) Bilina about Stavre
3) Bilini about Vasil Buslaev
Poetics of historical songs.
Stretch out a table of the changing world and poetry of historical songs. The early historical paintings are rich in which they preserved the traditions of the poetics of Bilevie Eposu. In a group of children, with poets approaching from bilines, it is possible to develop the beginning and backslash, as well as the co-ordination of the action. In the paintings of the 16th century, there is creation, in which the plot is most often intertwined with one episode. For the historical songs, it is also a characteristic lyrical monologue of the hero, which is characteristic of repetition. In pictures, they are often victorious in contrast to, for example, when describing vyskovyh actions. It is also possible, by the way, that in the paintings of the 19th century, the beginning of the present and the infusion of the literary journey.
Folklore is a kind of art. Peculiarities of folklore along with other types of art. Collectively and individually, strength and versatility, variability, syncretism in folklore.
The term folklore vinik in the middle of the 19th century and in a literal sense means " People's wisdom", Term vіv English. Teachings of William Toms. Having learned more than a wide number of appearances and including in itself all kinds of art and work. folklore-artistic collective creativity to the people, which depicts their life, look, ideals, principle, set by the people, broadened among the people poeziya (perekaz, pisni, parts, anecdotes, kazki, epos). folklore from the tradition and oral transmission of information.
Features of folklore:
Orality (as a form of shaking and transferring to sites) will provide a special place in culture.
Syncretism (z'єdnannya). Folklore im. in tysniy single. Syncretism of music, dancing, dії. At rіvnі pobutuvannya: syncretism of the creator, the visitor, the listener. Syncretism of the aesthetic, ulitar, by-beat, magical in creativity.
Tradition. In folklore tradition, tradition was neglected by a stylistic genre structure (genres: bilini, heroic epic, kazka
And the axis is variability. Folklore is not limited to the text and to the skin, the version, the de stiyke and the minlive. Styles: functions, pods and trails. Wandering: images.
Folklore is characterized by collective creativity. A lesser-skinned storyteller can change images, and individually create.
2.1. specialties of folklore
Folklore is a great deal of specialness, which is dumb in the middle. A part of the razdіlu is assigned to the view of the peculiarities of folklore.
Folklore, manifesting its own specific qualities, will establish its own laws, which are derived from other disciplines.
1.Traditional.
As it was already meant, folklore is the essence of creativity for the people. One of the main features of folklore is its entire anonymity. Numerical parts, kazki, bilini are not mali of the author. Їх by the author of the bui people, people. Create was created according to the same time and time. For example, in the folk cossacks, it is possible to mean one and the same ear or the end of the creation: "Lived-bouli ...", or "a banquet for the whole world." Slid means numerically implanting metaphors, symbols of darkness in any plot to the creator. And also the images of characters, characteristic of being good and evil, poop and rudeness, were repeated from history to history. Zavdannya fell in the fact that "slump" impressed goodness, the rules of behavior, povagi.
One of the leading roles in folklore is from the singular. It’s a pity, you don’t get hungry for sleep. Bagatorazovi repetition bilin, pisen, prisliv passed from mouth to mouth. Opovidach, being a kazkar (lyudina rozpovidak kazki) or a peselnik (viconavets pisen), pushed to convey in such a view, in the upcoming generation of their tradition. The development of folklore is not just a copy of pratsi in young forms, but it is added to a new culture to the people.
Let us take into account the fact that folk art is special. Folklore of Central Russia is clearly seen from folk art Siberia, ale їkh can not be separated. Here, in the sleep of folk creativity, the mentality of people, their warehouse of the soul, is involved. Among the peoples, there was a special folklore sound, which brought about a new national sense of the country. Russian folklore in conjunction with Caucasian, Baltic or Povolzky and other folklore.
2.Sincretism.
The offensive singularity of folklore є "syncretism". Syncretism (from the Greek. З'єднання) is to have a special connection between folk art and elements of the other artistic components. Folklore is clearly related to the actor's mainstream (ruhi tila, mimika, viraz emotsiy) in the presentation of all types of folklore (for example, the development of bilin, healthy ceremonies, etc.)
Why vipliv, how і folklore studies іn interaction with such types of mystery as choreography, theatrical mastery or music.
3. And the axis is variability.
Deyaki vcheni start to build a theory about folklore team, how do you create folklore, do not conceal a simple text, so yak sleepy shape transmissions robbed їх more repulsive for changes, and also stink of a variable form of notification. Otzhe, with the bagatorazovy creation of folklore creativity, be it an offensive version of the saying from all those who have been told or filled up. The part of the people is great, all one has spared to preserve its spoken word.
Folk folklore creativity has little zonalnational character, a little skinny people, zazhayayutsya on their own warehouse of soul and mentality, having their own "rodzinka", as it would be seen from among the others.
4. Improvision.
The variability is natural, a great role, but it is not a matter of vipuskati with respect, but in any kind of a visit to the picture, or bilini, is the presence of an empowerment. Yaky bi pam'yattyu not volodya notifications, with repeated vikonannya to the creation, bringing in a lot of new. Expand or navpaki to pass the text, which can be added, which can be cleaned up. It is a good idea to lay down the message itself and its mood, as well as to transfer the hearing and its warehouse. Usna creativity has little of its own genre rules. The genre was in control of that chi іnshu change of the text, and in the establishment of a particular interchange. Improvizatsiya in different genres appeared in its own way.
The main unit of vyvchennya is folklore є genre. The genre in folklore is unique in its own way, the stench of interconnection and interchange one by one. Social life and the people were beaten, at the same time a lot of genres were changing. The stench was transformed, pereroblyalisya or zvsіm gleaned from the spіlnogo vzhivannya.
The main types of folklore are a number of elements.
1.Funeral rites and worship.
Traditions associated with the funeral rite are mainly supervised by a low sound, as well as weeping and crying from the past until the deceased. In Antiquity, before the funeral rite, the dead have little evil, unclean character, as it is necessary to be protected. In the funeral rituals, there is also an important role to play in the tradition and look at the generic harmony, and its appearance. Until the end of the day, the traditions of the capital have passed, and there have been two people until the end of the day. From one side, they did not cease to be afraid, they were in a fight, so that they would take one of the people with them.
From his side, he was all magical and coaxing, so that the spirit of the deceased did not forget and seized his seven from the magical infusion (pristit, psuvannya, etc.). Look at the funeral process. Schob "mretz" without turning into a booth, they just put it on the bench, just about it, bound with their feet until the exit. We kept wine quietly, be it in the best possible ways. Even more often in the wall, for dakha they robbed the openings, they wine only for a while, and they didn’t know the way back, they closed the openings.
In addition to the rituals, they seized a non-pretentious turn of the person, also not less popular are the boules of the masa of the rituals, as the navpaks allowed the presence of the deceased. So, for example, before the hour of the funeral rite, traditionally there was one table attachment for a person, as such a rank would take care of the fate of the meal. During the funeral, they brought a set of twins for a nebizhnik to the heated bathhouse. Even one never-so-often part of the funeral is a voice or a lament, as it was super-cheered by the screams and cries of "courtesy." The professional "plakusha" was keenly keen on the traditional rules, and the acclaim was given to all the young people, who took part in the rituals.
V to the lucky day In connection with the fast pace of development of the suspension and yo pobutu, a number of funeral traditions did not become vicious. For example, it is now only through the doors that wine is borne through the door, it is unlikely that it will go through the windows, open the stele or the wall.
2. Vіyskovі crying;
For their design, won either by recruiting votes from the funeral. Earlier, in the old days, when a young man was seen off to death.
Recruitment crying mali is a special ceremony. As for the funeral attendants, professional "crying" came. Rite of passage at the parting with the family (mother, father, brothers or sisters), with the recruit's relatives, with susides.
The image of the popular people in the functional and semiotic aspect (on the material of the Russian language) // Vest. Omsk. un-tu. 2001. Vip. 1.P.68-70 Korotun, 2002 Korotun O.V. The image-concept of "the call of lyudin" in the Russian moving picture of the world: Author's abstract. dis. ... Cand. philol. sciences. Omsk, 2002. Kotryurova, 1997. Kotyurova M.P. Stylistic and pragmatic approach to the text: deyakі pіdstavi іkh differentsіatsії // ...
Reason, on which the very similarity is based on the meaning of the sounds between the portable and direct meanings of the word. 3. Apply linguistic analysis artistic text see ticket No. 1. Ticket No. 5 1. Describe the phonetic system of the Russian move: the system of voices and loud sounds of the move. On the butts, show the meaningful function of sounds (phonemes). 2 "Bring on the butts, which is straight ...
The figurative meaning of the word, if one phenomenon or an object is likened to one, and what can be victorious and similarity, and contrast. Metaphor - the best extensions for the establishment of new values. The poetics of Asenin has evolved not to the point of abstractness, strains, and vague symbols of richness, but to speech and concreteness. She sings along her own cinematography, metaphor, lineage and images. Ale vin ...
Let us pour in meta-stories that can be broadcasted and instantly more acceptable, as to the cause and purpose of the structure of individual consciousness. 2. Neomythology and concept of empty in the novel "Chapaev and Emptiness" 2.1 Neomyphology as an element of structure in the novel "Chapaev and Emptiness"
FOLKLORE OF THE RUSSIAN PEOPLE
In childish folklore, it is necessary to develop, create old for children, create old, become childish for years, and child creativity at the vlastny reasonable word.
The childish folklore of the Russian people is superbly rich and versatile. Wine of performances by heroic epics, Kazakhs, numerical creators of malikh genres.
MALI ZHANRY
Koliskov's pictures Koliskov's pictures in the people sound like bikes. Qia name to resemble from the word lipiti, bait -"Speak". The old meaning of the word is "whisper, spell". This is what I call the Koliskovs, the pictures were not rendered vaguely: finding them from them may be directly related to the deputy trip. "Slumber-child, come and see me!" - said the villagers, struggling with sleep. Nanny abo mati, navpaki, they called the drimotu to the little one:
Sleep and sleep,
Come to Vania in the head,
Sleep and sleep,
Roll on eyes.
Years later, the koliskovs lost their rituals and their spellbound character. With the butt, you can serve the plot quietly, as they have long ago turned a cat into their "hero". The long-standing basis of їkh was announced in a connection with calls about those who peacefully murkіnnya a cat in a booth to bring sleep and calm children. After having snoozed, put the hibernating cat in the spike, and the little boy slept more beautifully. Ale itself, judging by the details and the details, is a product of the last hour. Call the cat to sleep:
Vanya will sleep
Kitty Vanya swing.
The cat will ob_tsyaut the city for the robot: "a glech of milk, a piece of pie", "bila khustinku na shiyu", "radish hvist" and "a bottle of wine"; ob_tsyaut "paws visolotiti, tail visor". It is not often in koliskov's songs that there are images of maybutn’s unmovable:
Sleep, sleep,
Boroniti get up.
We can buy a hat,
Siryak zshimo;
Siryak zshiimo,
harrow permissible
In the songs, the sign of the lads, the rhythm and the sound of the "decoration" appear to be stolen and the creak of the sound:
And Kachi, mchi, mchi,
Grays have arrived to us,
if graki on the gate:
The gate is prikhova, prikhova!
And Kolinko sleep, sleep.
In the middle of the fall, with the text of the text, we create and empowerment, and the development of old traditional forms:
Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh!
Oh oh! bainki, -
spivan woman and food:
O! bayu, bayu, bayu!
I love it.
Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh!
Oh oh! bainki
Bayu (im'ya ditini).
Pislya dermal triviality, the nurse dodges what is the word, it’s in the background: “I’m a child,” “I’m sweet,” “I’m glorious,” “I’m good-bye, very curious."
little dogs At the Center of Pestushki and Nursery Rhymes, the image of the most childish child. Pestushki otryta their names from words pestiti- "Nyanchiti, growth, go for kim-nebud, vihovuvati, carry on your hands." There are a lot of short lifts of viroki, which are like supervising the ruins of unimportance in the first month of life. Having thrown a child, if you stretch, stroke:
Potyagunushki, potyagunushki!
Across the fat woman,
And in nіzhki walkers,
And in the hands of the hunches,
And in the mouth of the talk,
And in the head of the mind.
Povіlno rozvodyachi handles to the beat, it seems:
Fathers - fathoms) Matіntsі - fathoms! Brother - fathom! Sisters - sazhen!
And for me - to the Borg, to the Borg, the bandage!
With the skin of the child's hands, fold and spread, with the rest of the words - even wider.
Yak in koliskovy songs, more important than the meaning in Pestushko maє rhythm. The little one is cheerful and vigorous with the varied scandals of the wicked rows of the child's radio mood.
quiet The little ones are uncomfortable moving into quiet little ones - little ones, as they supervise the child with fingers, hands and legs (like "Ladushki" and "Soroka"). In tsikh igrakh є it is no longer "pedagogical", "lesson". In "Sorots" generous white-sided poured porridge for all, except for one, who wants the smallest (mizinets), ale Ledar:
Now firewood is NOT staked,
Driving without wearing?
Tsey motive is eager to develop:
And you, little boy [little],
Tee, short [short],
Go for water
Bathhouse swamp,
Rob me,
Gody calves ...
attachments For children in the first rocky life of mothers and nannies, they slept and the little ones didn’t have to be tied to any kind. All tsі rіznomanіtnі pіsnі can be attributed to one term - "attachments". With their snake stench, make up the little kazochki at the virshah. Tse attachment about the pivnik - a golden comb, like a litav behind the vivs on Kulikovo Pole; about the Rowed hen, "millet sowed, peas sowed"; about the dove-head crane
The goat is boroso shallow,
The goat is asleepє;
about the bunny - short nizhki, sap'yanovy chobits; about the old-fashioned thing - the cradles of the rogues:
Have a daw
rozbyynichki,
They knew the stench of jackdaws
Xin captan.
Nema in chomu galochtsі
Walk around the place.
Cry jackdaw
So take it nowhere.
As a rule, in primovtsi a picture is given of a bright podії or a picture of a scene dіu. Tse in the povn_y world іdpovіdaє the active nature of the child.
Don, don, don!
The kitty's booth lit up.
Stir the trigger from the hammer -
Fill up the kitty booth.
The plot of the authorities is primitive, ale malyuk is not good for a long time - and the stench is surrounded by the transfer of deprivation of one epizod.
Rukh is the basis of the figurative system of attachments; If the plot is stretched out, the attachment with a special priyom will take care of the child: get into the "lantsyugovaya" organization of the plot. At the goat's supply:
De your ryzhki?
- Pid the mountain moved.
- De gore?
- The worms were hooking.
- De worms?
- The water has gone.
- De water?
- Biki vip.
- De biki?
- We went to Kiev.
Rіznomanіtni and laskravі rhythms of attachments. In one vipad the stench of the flicker behind the restless ringing:
Tili-bom, tili-bom,
Kishki "booths" lit up ...
In іnshomu - the rhythm of the transfer of the carriage of gurkit:
Fuck, fuck, tara-rah!
Їde a woman on oxen.
In the third, the rhythm seems to be healthy, but to the robot:
And chu-chu, chu-chu, chu-chu!
I'm milkweed!
Such a virsh of the West in memory of nadovgo, develops in children a sense of rhythm, joy.
Until the number of adaptations, it is necessary to introduce and non-flip-flops - a special type of pisen-virshiks, which winks at the smallest changes of real links and vertices. So, the pig "snapped on the oak tree ...
let the piglets go
All the little bitches.
Piglets squeal,
I want to fly the stench.
I flew, flew, flew, if we sat on another. And witness from the fly the skins of the der and the bird sob are safe. The blue sea caught fire and burned, the white riba was all over, the man sturgeon is evil on the stove. "
Inconsistencies, presented in the whole family, are insured on those who are aware of the child's knowledge of the correct communication of speeches and appearances. Neymovirne will not see the real sound. Humor becomes a teacher. U 20-i pp. XX Art. tsiogo's owner childish genre having heard the writing and the teachings, the correct sense of the value and the sense of non-inversion. introductions and the very term "inversion" for a certain kind of attachments. The name given to the English nomenclature is "Topsy-turvy rhymes"
Far from a group of creatures, as the number of grown-ups lay down to folklore, ale, having conceived snakes, passed on to children. The price of calls, іgrovі attachments, viroki.
Children's calendar folklore
It’s even too early for children to start walking on the streets with their one-line proverbial calls (from the word “click, ask, ask, ask, beast”). Tse beastly to the sun, the merriment, the board, the birds. Principally dіtvora viguku, the words of the cry spіvuche in chorus. The cry of a child in the village's homeland is familiar with the new primitives. Most of the time, you can use the skin one at a time. Tse beastly to mischief, ravlik, small bugs that can be found on quits; nasliduvannya bird voices; dressing while riding on one nose, water flowed from the air, which was consumed there for an hour of bathing. Pisennі cries and verbal attachments of bringing vіri to the omnipotent - now the teeth, now the beneficent ones - the strength of the earth, the sky and the water; The thrashing of the village children got to the point of living and growing up. The calls reminded the child of the heart of the old, well, the grown-ups, I hope for a good harvest, prosperity and wealth. Children in the old times got used to the distribution of sadness and joy early, the young and the turbot grew up. At the end of the folklore, the last hour of the song became a thunderbolt, richly tsy and funny were introduced into them.
Along with planks of planks,
Water with a bucket.
Water all day
To our barley,
On the woman's bread,
For peasant oats,
For the divine buckwheat,
On Malich millet.
Children ask for boards "let it go", "water the whole day", "lithium pusch", so that the boards grew up with "tovstiy". As soon as the boards were not consumed and for the Skoda for the sake, having won over Polish robots, on the change of the call about the boards came the call about Sonechko and the fun:
but:
Sonechko-vedrishko,
Vugilnoї, visvili!
Rainbow arc
Kill the board!
Your kids cry
I want to drink.
Your children are on the clock,
To jump on stones.
From grown-ups to a childish beggar, they went over to sleep. It’s short, let the beast go to creatures and birds, Sonya, Bjolam; to the teddy bear with the passing of the old people, wiping a tooth with a new, mіtsnim one; before the hawk, the schobs are not circling overhead, they are curling without looking at them. The price of food for zozuly: "What are some of my life?" Zozulya kuє, and children vvazhayut. What matters is the large number of phrases zberigє in surplus form, the nature of the ancient spell and wives. The chants and prizes are taken together in one form - the calendar childish folklore. With a term, we introduce into the science literature as a picker and a presenter of childish folklore, hear the sounds of calls and sayings about sometimes fate, weather, saint, in all manner of life and by the way of a pre-revolutionary village.
Igrove prispivi, viroki Not a little while ago, not a calendar childish folklore, іgrovі add and іgrovі viroki. They either fix the rough, or tie the parts of the game. The stench can vikonuvati і the role of kіntsіvok in grі. Іgrovі viroki can also take revenge "mind" the gris, cause inheritance when the minds are destroyed. An analysis of viyavlyak in childish games, especially in quiet ones, which are supported by verbal virocks and songs, deafening witnesses of ancient ritual igors and remnants of an ancient beggar. The game was reassured by its form, the rules and the order of the old language igrisch in honor of Kostroma, Kolyada, Yaril.
I fight against the similarity with the serious busyness of life: meadows, stubble, sowing a lion, in them there are also fun rituals. More precisely, the idea of \ u200b \ u200bbutting serious living rights in its strict endurance is not enough on the other side of the bagatoraz repetition of the game from the little rocky to pinch the child to the clear order of speech and the rules of the tongue. Gra - tse preparatory to life struggle and pratsі. You name it yourself - "Vovk and vivtsi", "Vedmid in the forest", "Vovk and geese", "Korshun" - to talk about the call of Igor from the beggar and the lives of the Silska population. The tight connection with the lives of the people has been filled with a vague slid in the figurative and artistic forms of the game "action", verbal virocks and attachments. During the meeting and before the people, a strict view of the mountain was celebrated - most of them, with success, can be victorious and seasonal. In the games, one should celebrate the importance of vimogi and the principle of popular practical pedagogy.
Drawing of lots of collusion, scrappers, dredgers, skimmers
Childish folklore is free to the people, in which they see the creativity of the grown-ups, and those who are created by the vigorous children. Already in creations, as they passed to children as grown-ups, a creative element was conceived, which could be introduced by the children themselves. From a significantly larger price, you can tell about the guards of lots, chasers, teasers in all of them. True, even though the genre is not "purer", the creativity of children is independent. For the tradition of going to the creativity of grown-ups, ale, as well as rich, in an hour it became fun and childish. And the vision of creativity opens up a wide space for empowerment and vygadka, especially for the bulls' heads and pererakhuniv-traps, є there is not a lot of bagatokh childish igors.
W e f e b e in a i z g about in o r k and appear, if the demand is raging to be distributed at two parties. Tse rimovanі zvernennya to "queens", to the heads of both parties. Ditlakhs often set out on the basis of kazoks, invitations, orders and riddles: "Is there an apple in a saucer for gold?" (Z kazki.)"Throw a crow, for picking gold?" (Z kazok chi pisen.)"Chest in chrests or head in booths?" (Prisliv'ya.)
Most of the folk vigadka is included in from h and t and l to i. Інші names їх: rakhunok, counters, pererakhunok, counters, paths and divinations. Lichilochka - rimovaniya vіrsh, wow to be built up with invented words and sound from the seat under strict rhythm. For the help of the doctor, they play the roles and install a bar for a cob of grits.
The hike of child chaps, yak and scramblers, is crazy, tied with ancient forms of fortune-telling.
The detectives have two specialties. First, the basis of most of the detectors is the rakhunok; The power to become intelligent, as if it were taken to the respect, but the trainee passed to the children from the grown up at once, like a supervisor, and at the right hour they were far from being busy with children. Now the bully is needed by people, the shape of the words is twisted, and how did you go to the sound of crying out with a mysterious rakhunk?
Tied with rakhunk in people whole group ancient understand and manifestation. It is possible to let go, for the old hours, after handing over to someone - or if I’m spilnu right, people showed an unprecedented commonness in numbers. Do you see a lyudin, yak to a vison, do you know, happy or not happy? Before the love, there is a rakhunok vyrishuvav bagato. Lyudin with an unhappy number, signs before the vison of the general role, I will destroy, after the gifts of people, all on the right. This is the sign of the old pererakhunku. This function has been preserved in surplus form and in childish games. The simplest form of lichilok and, mabut, from the time of the ancient, because you see the children of all peoples of Europe and the people of Asia, you can see the "goliy" rakhunok. Through the fence, people were brought to koristuvatis when they were pererahunka with clever forms. So, among the Russian inhabitants of the Irkutsk province, they fenced in to beat the game, and there would be no luck; we lived in Transbaikal, Russia, was fenced with geese for an hour to overfill; who didn’t catch the fence, that didn’t waste memory. Having removed a row of fences. The fence in vvazhati representing great lack of handiness, and people came up with the title of "negative" rakhunok: a negative part was given to the skin number: more than once, not twice, etc. D. Vihodilo, nibi rakhunki is dumb. This is the sign of the created form of rahunka. People accustomed and foal - a pererakhunok, necessary for the development of the roles of participants in the industry. The pererakhunka - the prototype of the new forms of the chicks - was given a clever verbal form, like a bully, the people of the given group were surprised. This is also the way of the "zazumіlogo" rakhunka. An ancient pererakhunok with twisting of the significant numbers to naturally reach the pereysh in the box - warehouse part childish igor.
The child of the grasp is the same life. In the grі, yak and in the very life, pererakhunk for the help, cunning words, to take in the tributes of the numbered numbers, the roles and decency began. Pererakhunok in grі - іmіtatsіya prigotuvan grown up to serious life on the right.
Years later, having gone through the fence and out in number, the pererakhunok snapper began to develop its own special way. She has introduced new, purely artistic elements. Spoken words began to be invented for the sound of the old people, without any sound from the mental allegorical prominence of the old days. Lichilochka has become a group and as fun is to blame for looking at the folklore of the present hour. The establishment of new words in the trainees involved a great deal of sense, and it slowly swelled the form of pure ness, but only the correct rhythm in the seat, which replaces the rakhunok. Ale nisenitnytsya could not live in folklore, and the understanding of the development of phrases, around words, began to penetrate into the child. From the words, the warehouse trap, merged like a wolf, and the "plot" position appeared unbarrily:
cat apple
Povz garden,
Povz garden,
Poz hail.
Hto pidnime,
Toi i viide.
Lichilochka presents herself in a simple way with words, rhythm, and, in general, artistic function:
Tsintsi-Brintsi, balalaika,
Tsintsi-Brintsi, zagry-but.
Tsintsi-Brintsi, I don't want
Tsintsi-Brintsi, I want to sleep.
Tsintsi-Brintsi, kudi youdesh?
Tsintsi-Brintsi, in the place.
Tsintsi-Brintsi, what do you buy?
Tsintsi-Brintsi, crackers (hammer).
A whole lot of fun vіrshik motives on sound effects, like bi-vіdtvoryut gru on balalaitsі. The clean rhythm of the lichilka "Ati-bati, yshli soldiers" nagaduє croc soldier's roti.
D r about zn i l to i is a kind of creativity, which is more likely to cause accusations by children. It is impossible to say that the new "ancestor" did not have its own "ancestor" in the creativity of grown-ups. Rozdori, zitknennya, vorozhnecha, fist fights ,
sprazhnі bіyki, if one "kіnets" of the village of ishov on іnshy, will be a permanent manifestation of the old beggar. In addition, they gave one to one a note, nicknames, which meant clear and notable shortcomings. Meshkans of the same region gave a note to the inhabitants of their towns, they made their names and appearances, as they were awesome, and they, in their own house, did not get lost in the Borg. So, Muscovites called Novgorodians "thick eaters", and those Muscovites called them vodokhleba. The nicknames were tied to the professions and crafts, and they were rewarded in this one of the best worlds. Part of the nicknames condemned lin, uncomfortableness. Such accusations, names and accusations were of a character, intolerant to any kind of national affiliation. It’s a phenomenon, madly, negatively in the life of the people. Children, who took part in the whistles and super-streams, grew up, took over from them the very manner of giving a note and dragging.
The nicknames that obrazlivі prіzviska in the childish middle-class, the singing world, pom'yakshilis. In most cases, the stinks were recognized as rimovania to the moment, without any reference to the subject of the dispute, or the drive, but the wiklikav zitknennya: Arkhip- old mushroom.
Appreciating a certain new verse transformed it into a tease. A part of drazhniloks condemn slanderousness, zeal, lin and villainy: sneak- bida, targanyacha їzha; The villain is the villain with the hatchet inside.
Representing ethnographic interest and giving materials for judgment about child psychology and childish word-creation, dragons do not have great artistic merit. They have masa lily viraziv. At the most childish middle-class, call out the wicked protest - they said about the lovers of imitation: shredded- dog rilo.
Among the other forms of glamor and excitement in a childish middle-class, they began to grow old and take care of themselves until they were able to get better at simple words, instilled into simpletons. The presenter of the childish folklore, calling them chumarkas. The axis is one of such chumaroks:
They sent you a deviation.
- Who?
- Masha.
- Yaka Masha?
- Our pig.
A slow and cheerful verbal group of older children є fast repetition of difficult-to-pronounce verses and phrases: tse scraper. Vaughn one by one one-root or spi-sound words: In the yard - grass, on the grass - firewood; The sewn kovpak does not look like a cap, you need to re-cap it and re-cap it. Vazhko virіshiti, who is the creator of cich skimmers - children or grown-ups. The children of them are unlikely to be children.
Collection of Russian folk pisens, prizes, riddles
The childish folklore was born with respect to і fakhіvtsіv-zbirachіv, і childish writers. Bulo richly sprob with special zbіrniki.
With a wide range of texts of attachments, dogs, children and all other creatures, as a rule, literary samples were given. Naybіlshu popularity zdobul texts, refurbished,.
The step of the author's revision to folklore is ripe, repaired from the big-valued revision of the text and ending with the roots of the independent author's creation, which is crocheted to folklore only with a motive. The first kind of creativity can be as follows:
Yak unadis skating rink
To babtsi Marya in lioh
Є sour cream that sir.
Yak beat the cat
Dіtlakhi z vіkna,
The stench grumbled vіknom,
They fought after the cat.
dumped the cat
Across the abdomen.
- Axis, kitty-skating rink,
І sour cream і sir.
(Obro. I. Karnaukhovoi.)
It's easy to tell folklore parallels. In this vypadku, the scribe edited the folk attachment - the trochs changed and changed the form.
With the help of self-styled creativity behind folk motives є attachment:
Live in the fox owl,
Alive in the lisi gentleman,
She has high eyebrows,
Look at her merry.
She's got a head start.
She's got some chobits.
Z nizhki for nizhka stupa,
Visoki eyebrows pіdnіmaє.
(Obro. I. Karnaukhovoi.)
For such questions:
Yak in the street
from the lane
To live a siren skating rink,
Freezing the claw.
New fur coat
Pozaindevela,
Eyebrows and vousa
It is rusty.
Don't go, kit, barefoot,
Walk in felts
Walk in mittens
In warm mittens.
(Obro. I. Karnaukhovoi.)
Zbirniki, who have considered the greatest popularity, are stacked from texts either edited or independently written by writers. From the most close to the fair folklore demand, name the collection "Ladushki. Russian People's Cossacks, Pisenki, Potishki" (Moscow, 1966).
The success of the zbirka was well received by the illustrations of a prominent artist, who had a deep insight into the national freedom of the childish folklore of the Russian people.
The success of the "Ladies" has poured out the collection "Rainbow-arc. Russian folk pets, little things, attachments" (Moscow, 1969). Yogo can also be illustrated in K). A. Vasnetsov. At the end of the collection there is presented the creativity of the Leningrad writing and folklorist, as well as.
Zbirniki "Ladushki", "Veselka-arc" represent childish folklore in meaningfulness. It is also worthwhile to introduce literary writers into the number of childish creations of obroboks of deyaky texts (aka urivks), which seem to have been, traditionally not included in childish folklore. The right to such an inclusion in writers is beyond repudiation: it was seen as before, before being consumed in folklore itself, that is.
The number of collections of childish folklore, which is seen in the country, grows up to the rock in the country. It is important for Tim to succeed in completing the general collection of igors, lichilok, collusion, skoromovok, long-talk, boring cossacks, mysteries of the people of our land. Zbirnik bouv of folds і crumbling і visions under the name "Thirty three pies" (Pershe Vidannya - M., 1962, others - 1968 third - 1973). Childish folklore: children, watchfulness and self-play. Russian childish folklore of order for the childish folklore of the world's children.
riddles
The mystery of development in a child is km To make a riddle - to feed the lama's head over a vidgadkoyu. Allegorical transfer of an object into the absolutely insuh area of material light. "Chornenka dog lying down hunched over; not biting, not biting, but not letting go to the booths" - the castle is cleverly ruled by the black dog. The allegorical image in the riddle is inimical to the divine, unwitting, real incongruity of yokes and powers. So, the pich is similar to the divine, and the dim is the same as the divine :
"Varto is a dvchina in the hut, and the scythe is in the yard".
Chim smilivishe vigadka, tim is more important than a riddle for vidgaduvannya. Neimovarity on the images of the riddle clearly grasp the contradicting reality, and it seems to bring order to the plutan: all are on their way to the graces with the bright brightness of the object. Come to see the castle is effective є sleep with the dog: the offense does not let the stench into the booths, you can be of one color - black ones, and those who do not bark and do not bite the dog, must only be brought to the castle.
In other words, the riddle is based on special signs and power, which are attached to the subject. On the basis of the list of items, the items are taken into account. It is not the power of the riddle to introduce the child into the thought about the sounds between the appearances and the objects of the newest light, as well as about the special features of the skin object and the appearances. It’s important not by itself, but by the way, that the child is aware of the journey of the newest light for herself.
Visoka poetry is seen in the very prose speeches and objects. The images in the riddles of barvy, guchny, objects, okresleni are sharp, clear: "Bela yak snig, chorna, yak vugilya, green yak tsibulya, spinning yak bis and the road to the lis" (magpie). The action is presented in riddles in the wines, in the warriors: "In the courtyards by the mountain, and in the hut - by the water" (Snig).
Simple riddles of the ironic, hot: "Varto Fedosya, rozpatlane hair" (Styg).
Folk riddles like poetized gra in nutrition and form for children, whatever. For preschool children, the most simple and elementary: "teeth, not bite" (Rake),"Two cherevtsya, chotiri vushka" (Pillow),"All the furry, chotiri paws, the mustache herself" (yalina pine) that in. The mastery of a child in the world of wealth and barvism is immense without knowledge of the people's preferences and orders.
Send those orders
A child's mastery of moving in the United States' wealth and barvism by means of those orders.
rightly in recognition of the fact that I think great value with cob rіdnoї movi, Po-perche, through its form, in a different way, through its own snake. V " old word"A few hundred supporters have been substituted. The first child’s child’s chuє in a young adult, at the very ear for a new ear for all the senses of all the senses, is an extravagant, astonishing person. : "Without stopping to the ground, and the fungus does not grow", "Without practice, not vilovish and ribku zі rate", "Take care of the great frost".
The proverbial judgments are written as a child in the direct meaning, ale and іх zagalnyuyuyu character in a world accessible to you. "I don’t take a fungus, as if you don’t bend": a dummy thought, how to stand up for a lot of judgments; Bigger, figuratively meaningful, when we become aware of children, we’ll get away with it.
The people are prone to revenge morality, viroblen by the bogatma generations: "No one - shukay, and know - take care"; "Do not sleep with my, drink with the right"; "Having finished dilo - walk smilo"; "With Sonya - warm, with mother - good." Have a child you have got up to human wisdomі store up great pedagogical meaning prisliv'їv. Slipping the tim is easier to lay down in memory, but the meystern of a thin robot gave the people a thought at first into a short rhythmic form with clear compositional members of the judgment on a piece.
People's orders - tse widely widened imagery vislovi, visually begin to be seen as life. On the vidminu from the onset, the order has been added to the ugly povchalny sensu and to be flanked by figurative, unrecognizably allegorical indications of such a vernacular. However, the order is not just a sign of a manifestation, but will give you a viral assessment. One on the right, tell us about be-someone, how will win us the lack of honor with our permanent presence, and that - say, how will win nabrid yak girka radish; one on the right say, “if it’s unsuccessful, if it’s not okay, if it’s what it is, it’s like it’s head on your head.” The child is mova, emotional for her nature, it is easy to get close to the people's prikazkovyh virases, more precisely, the mastery of these is for the child from the house of pratsya, and the whistleblower is guilty of the quest for the complementary and correct living of the child's orders.
пісні
Lyrica, when you talk about traveling for grown-ups, is a great and versatile region folk art, Z which dorechno know the child in school children... Aesthetic consumption of the preschool child will grow up to the satisfaction of childish folklore. However, in some types of folklore creativity for older adults, it is possible to take the context of the text, if you know more about the motives, turnovers and images. Such vidan is not rich. Brush dosvid to trace. Included in the main books of the painting: "Spring, spring chervona!" deyaki inshi - you can know your own place in the pedagogical practice of preschool workers
Song proponates children of great number of poetic associations. A charming image of a birch birch tree, noisy on the window, is overflowing spring water, Bіloї lebіdonki, sirich geese, frequent boards and ін. All the stinks become the basis of a poetic glance at the light and set up a system of artistic glances at one o'clock, get out of love before native nature, Ridnoi movi, batkivshchyna.
BILINI
The order with the pictures of the preschool children is necessary to know about the heroic epic. In our hour, if there is a passage from the living memory of the people, there are books about the rich child. The value of the knowledge of children with the Epos is not a weekly summons. Bilini in artistic form is the essence of an understanding about heroic ethics, giving lessons in the service of Batkivshchyna and the people. The pedagogical thought in pre-revolutionary rock has well-appreciated the quality of the epic. , Included in the children's books urivka and tsіlі bilini, and even back to tso radio: "It’s even more corny and it’s necessary to know children with Russian folk songs, read them, with nebagatma passes, vіrshovanі kazakhs (i.e. D. Ye. A.) Kirsha Danilova ". Realization of the concept for the sake of creating the difficulty that the requirements for the authorities of their own style and for the particularities of their own style have no special meaning for children. overcrowding with the mark of laying down the mastery of the habit once and for the transmission of the bilini to the childish child.
In 1949, a writing and folklorist issued a compilation "Russian rich. Bilini", which was seen in a bagatoraz way in the coming hour. Bilini is shown in rhythmic prose. Writing was heard from all the archaic powers and qualities, but it saved the freedom of the rule in the departments, rules, and priyoms of hyperbolism. Karnaukhovoy in the distance to convey to the reader the great hero of the epic, to give him a glimpse of his historical nature, not having been deprived of the whole epic of kazkoy. Before the collection of Karnaukhovo, turn on the list of most common characteristic bilines about Illy Muromtsya, Dobrin Mikitich, Alosha Popovich and the other heroes of the epic. Ilya Muromets is the first rich man, who has been assigned a lot of perekaziv. The last of the bilin in the collection is tied to the last development of the child in them.
In the middle of the distance, try to create a boulevard with an accessible child of demand, name it and create a creative message. Її zbirka "Bilini" (M., 1973) is composed of eleven bilines. The shifting is done in great prose, and in such a manner I did not see a refusal from the original, but closer to the new one: the naturalness of that promising ear, as it is so addictive in the sense, was reduced. Writing slid close behind the plot bilin. Poetic zm_st and іstoriko-pobutovі rice epozu otmeyut short explanations, not disrupting the imaginative order of transfer.
KAZKI
People's Cossacks have long been included in the child's reading. Now, it’s insane value, but in the 20s of our capital, teachers and teachers literary critics zaprechuvali for kazkami the right to be placed in children's books. A fantastic vigadok ototozhnyuvsya with modernity and relevance. Judgment about the Skoda of the Kazakhs was lost because of the out-of-the-box cultural decline, which is necessary for the natural wickedness of children in the socialist suspension.
Nigilism and vulgarization in pedagogical science will be condemned by the Radiansk community. As early as 1934, he said: "There’s a lot of money. At the bagatokh of our inhabitants, the revolution has driven a little bit of money. I think it’s worth it."
The whole practice of radio pedagogical science, the practice of robotics for children, brought the high value and importance of inclusion. folk cossacks in books for children, and especially in books that can be used by children.
The most popular type of Cossacks, which we see children early, are Cossacks about Tvarins. The birds, the birds in them, are similar and not similar to the reference ones. Yde piven in chobot, carrying a scythe on his shoulders and shouting at the top of his throat about those goat got out of hare hats, inakshe buti derezi hacking ("Goat-dereza"). Vovk to catch a riba - by dropping a tail into an ostrich and primovlyaє: "Catch, ribko, і small and large! (" Fox and vovk "). It’s easy to beat all the tsikh kazkah implausibility: de tse bacheno, after walking with a scythe, catching a riba, and the fox forced the black grouse to go down to the ground? I have become independent, dissimilar to those who know about the good tails and the animals, most children are busy with history itself: when the goat-goat is caught from the hare's hat, when the chances of catching the catch are obvious at the same hour, the present is presented - about mind and foolishness, about cunning and straightforwardness, about good and evil, about heroism and fearfulness, about kindness and greed - to kick in witness and to start the norms of behavior for the child.
Cossacks shove the kids in the correct stosunkas until the light of day. Pulling і dіd, і woman, і granddaughter, і Zhuchka, і kishka - pull-pull, and not vityagnuti їm ripki. I only if the bear came to help, they fiddled with the rip-off. Evidently, the intelligent artistic sense of the irony of the camp until the end, the little people are intelligent, if only they are virost. Todi kazka will turn to facets. A child is only available that thought, but no, it’s not possible to find the best strength in robots: whoever has a lot of strength in Mishka, but without it, they couldn’t make a difference.
"Ryaba hen" in the folk version, kindly presented, for example, in the writing of the writer, carries a thought that is important for a vikhovannya. The hen was angry, the bear was beating, it waved its tail, it fell and fell. Becoming the dіd of the posters, the grandmother was ridati, the gates creaked, the hammers flashed, the doors squinted, the mud went up, the top of the hut got caught. And all the commotion is a broken egg. A lot of noise for nothing! The Kazka laughs at the trifling reason for the style of the styleless heritage.
Children are early accustomed to correctly assess the range of appearances, right and in the minds of thinking about the side of all life inconsistencies. The fun and the introduction of the bun so sings in his own, but he himself did not mind, as if he became a boast, which is flattering good success, is the axis of guilt and foxes ("Kolobok"). At the Kaztsi about the house, talk about the spilna of the friendly life of a fly, a mosquito, a mish, a toad, a hare, a fox, a vovka. And then the priest vedmid - "all prignetish" - there was no Teremka ("Teremok"). In kozhn_y kaztsі about tvarin є morality, as a child is necessary, ajé is guilty of starting his own life in life, morally - ethical norms behavior in suspension.
It is noted that it is easy for children to forget about the creatures. Tse will explain tim, shho folk pedagogical dosvid vіrno capturing the special features of the child's child. Cossacks "Rіpka", "Chicken-Ryaba", "Kolobok", "Teremok" and deyaki іnshi tame the respect of the child with a special composition: the episode of chilling for the episode, it’s not easy to repeat the stench from the new ones. Repeated repetition of memory and intelligence.
Cossacks about creatures can be called childish because they have a lot of childishness, ruku, energy - the one who is attracted and childish. The plot grows fast: shvidko, shoots, shoots the trigger to the lord for butter, - having pushed the grain and choked, she did it until we get milk. Kurka - until we’ve got it, that ask, what kind of gentlemen will you give me some fresh herb then. The hammer brought me with butter, a few hides, and a little bit of a grain of yarn! ("Pivnik and bean grain"). Happy pictures of kazoks show the life of a child, who is in the happy result of fighting good against evil.
The kazkahs have a lot of humor about twins. It’s a miracle that the power of developing in children feels real, and it’s just to amuse, rozvazhaє, joy, to bring soul power to ruin. However, Kazakhs know and sadness. As a sharp contrast here, go from sadness to merriment! Feel, about how you go in kazkas, coverings and yaskravi, like and child emotsii. It is easy for a child to get involved, but it is less easy and to embarrass. Cry cry at the doorstep of your hatinka. Goat yogo. Having chased away the goat - the joy of the hare is not enough. Fun and hearing.
The gap between positive and negative in the nature of Kazakhstan. The child Nicholas doesn’t know how to be seen as a Cossack character. Piven is a hero, a fox is a cunning shahrayka, Vovk is a greedy one, a witch is a foolish one, a goat is a liar. The price is not primitiveness, but that simplicity is needed, as it is guilty but it is taken by the little Persh, who is not ready to take folding speeches.
At the kazkahs about tvarin, there is a lot of pisenok: spiv the fox will lighten the pisnyu pisnyu: "Pivnik, pivnik, golden comb, butter
It is necessary to judge correctly about an object, it is necessary to make a statement about a new backbone, and the problem is to make a difference. What does it mean to date? What are the marks of the subject? Ale has a dermal ulcer without a sign. It is possible to name a head, ale tse meant a characteristic, not a value. Schob to give viznachennya, need to see a sign of the kind and kind. Generic sign is a sign that is zagalny to all kind of manifestation, to which it is necessary to form, and species is a sign, which leads to the appearance of an object from the first, which is to be established to a certain kind. Do folklore have signs of a kind that kind? What are some of the manifestations of being in the generic sense and what is the reason for being seen from them? It is possible to revise the food prices without looking at the subject of folklore.
Zrobimo vikhіdnim zalnoprynyat uyavlenya about folklore. Seemingly, the Russian people have created an unlimited number of prizes, orders, riddles, bilin, balad, anecdotes, charming, whimsical, ridiculous kazoks, kazoks about creatures. Seemingly, it’s the same everywhere that we were singing songs. They have their own pictures among the orach-villagers, serfs-nobles, remissniks-gorodians, mislivts, soldiers - in a word, at common people all stations. Also, on the cob of our capital, they went to the villages and places of lyalkari and played glances at the comedy with Petrushka. And in our days there are pictures, go from mouth to mouth in the form of short aphorisms. Sleep in both named and unnamed types of creativity is what matters most - the mystery of the word. See usniy prose, poeziyi and drama, if some people have lived and been seen among the people, and they will put up in such a state of affairs, as if they are changing folklore.
Yakbi mi were satisfied with the fucking new species folklore creations, then nicholas would not get close to their minds. We just passed on to the home of folklore, but science can’t be satisfied with the cim. Vaughn will need an accurate understanding of the subject.
Chapter I
The history of terms
Possibly the name of the folklore, but not for the purpose of creating a new meaning on them: the name can be deprived of knowledge, as the signs are important or vzagal in the power of folklore.
For nautsi for the meaning of folk creativity, there is a name for the name. In the middle of the XIX century. I will call it “folk poeziya”. The order of the artistry to folklore, the name implied the belonging of the folklore to the people and testified to those who had developed folklore by the people. In folklore, they bachelorly twist to glance at the people at the light, they made the people understand and manifest on them. By the very name, they wanted to learn from the mass of the people, creativity from the creativity of the authors. Name the folklore, take
at that hour, they added and clarified the term “folk poeziya”: they called it “non-specific”, “natural” and “non-artificial”. The name "bezosobova" was used to describe the visibility of folklore creations of individual authorship, and the names "natural" and "naturalness" were used to say that folklore is created without a theoretical glance at artistic creativity, Mimovoli, for spyvaks and notifications of no professionalism, no tips for artistry. The science of the day is vazhaє insanely faithful to the folklore folklore, and to make amendments and additions in the judgment.
In the end of the XIX - the ear of the XX century. in nautsi they got a wide extension of the name: "sleepy verses", "folk words". "Words" and until that hour they were taking up the mystery of words, and most often professional activity prose and poet, but I will call it a special sense. Having seen a wider glance, it’s well known to the folklore like a mystery of the words sprinkled together by professional artists, and in less than an hour this creativity has become visible to the people - the people are not always ready to do it, but it’s not just the new one. The meaning "asleep" meant that in non-letters,
Form the people, in the mass of their illiteracy, only and at the same time I will learn from the foreigners "verbalism". They were called "folk" in that sense, that the people just got over the "verbalism", that they were "booing" among the people. The thought about those who are folklore - spokonvіchno the mainstream of the people, was included.
Radianska science could not accept the same name "folk literature", but call it "sleepy language", not a phenomenon associated with them. Folklore is called “let us sleep with the creativity of the people”, “folk-poetical creativity”, “asleep-poetical creativity of the people”. The term is tied to the name "folk poetry", as it was adopted in the 19th century. Along with this, the name of the skin and folklore saw signs that vvazhayut especially important.
I will call it "the creativity of the people asleep" to add to the sleepy character of folklore and by themselves write this kind of letters of literature. Folklore, like a mystery of words, instantly comes up from the other kinds: music, choreography, art of embroidery, art of play and art.
The name "folk-poetical creativity" refers to the artistry of the sign, for which the folklore is rendered in the verse, the sound and the rituals. It is also worthwhile to put folklore on a par with the other types of folk art and literary literature at once.
Well, if you can call it “sleepy-poetical creativity to the people”, then in the new one you will be familiar with the signs, how to take revenge in the people who are next, then we’ll take it for granted, but not for them.
The order of the usim with the names of the usny poetical creativity to the people of Radianska science to admit the international term "folklore" (English folklore - literally folk - people, lore - knowledge, wisdom, that is, "folk knowledge", "folk wisdom"). Tsey term appeared in the middle of the XIX century, Yogo having proponated the English teachings of W.J.
materials for the old-fashioned journey, rituals and revivals, ale in nimetskiy sciences artistic literature similar terms were also used: das Volkstum, die Volkskunde, die Volksforschung and ін. The term diе Volkskunde, inspired by English folklore, introduction to science І. F. Knafflem (J. F. Knaffl in 1813) 1. All early terminology, sleepy creativityі close to them sounds and rituals, veruvan, vidіlya in folklore sign of yo ness to the archaic folk culture.
zapidnoєvropeyska science XIX v. Introduced the first term into the household. France has got the name "traditions populaires", analogous to yom in Italy - "tradizioni popolari", in Spain - "tradiciones populares". These names are associated with the richness of the style of folklore in the people. Folklore was called with the manifestation of the mass peculiarities of the national psyche and, as it were, it was called "demopsychologie"
(Fr.) I "demopsychologia" (ital.). They ruled out folklore and zalny "folklore" - "Volksforschung" (nim.), "Demologie" (fr.), "Scienza demica" (ital.), "Demosofia" (іsp.) Ta in. Kozhen s terms in his witch were tied with special folklore ideas.
Otzhe, before us passed the name of the folklore: the skin of them pointed to the mark, or one of the signs of that - a sign of an unprecedented twist of nationality, orality, tradition, artistry, a ring of folklore and other signs. Tse means that folklore is even more foldable;
Chapter II
Folklore - the mystery of the word
Proceeding to the understanding of "folklore", persh for all the demands, take to the respect of the mark, for how to blame everything, that is, folklore is a mystery, artistic creativity. For the cause of the freedom of folklore, call for it to grow through the ritual of art literature. It’s insanely, how folklore create vikonuyut in bytes and a number of practical unaesthetic functions: koliskovyh pictures to call children, for the help of snakes bazhayut to turn the sick health, instill in yourself the friendliness and in.; the rhythm of a special song, adding to the physical zusilla, to pull the wrong way, how to shtuyut vantage, etc. Ale in folklore
not mensh, not in literature, not in an artistic ear, learned by the people (in bilins, kazkas, lyrical songs, riddles and other creatures), for it is not possible to understand (in clergy, in ritual songs, snakes, and we should recognize the very fact of artistic creativity and in cich
vipadkah.
Porіvnyuchi folklore with literary, treasure, priestly, take it to the respect, but the mystery of words in folklore and linked with other types of artistic creativity (Vikonavskiy mystery of the actor, the mainstream of development, the mystery of the talent) get used to respect.
The mystery of the word, which brings together folklore and literature, so it is itself derived from all of the mystery arts. The legitimacy of such a view is grounded by the fact itself, that the word in folklore is a visual-versatile function, and the information-communal function, like the admission of the mystery of the word with not the masters,
furnishings. I want it to be important, but I don’t want to see the mystery of the words in folklore by themselves. Analogous vivchennya does not exist in the list, if on the right side literary creation... Vono is also tied up with іnshie mystery
reading, song and vikonannya and ін.).
All said in a nutshell, I will explain why the freedom
folklore jokes through the exhibition of art literature. Win everyone's closest. The zavdannya polyagaє is in the fact that the intelligence is, that they are one in one.
In the context of folklore and literature, two tendencies emerged for themselves, in the old world of mercy: reference to folklore and literature and absolutization of their ideas. In 20-50-tі rocky, the Persha tendency is widened. At our hour, an insha tendency manifested itself - a pardon for the protyleznogo genus, as to rob the real problem of deciding the folk art in the middle of appearances and to eliminate folklore studies as in the art discipline.
Do not fall into the mercy of referring to folklore with literature, then look closer at a glance, but what folklore does not come across as a literature, how to create such kind of creative and personalities - poetry, iak
Folklorist Yu.M. Sokolov wrote about the meaning of the individual creativity in folklore: “The problem of creative individuality has long been posed in Russian folklore in the Danish hour to get involved in anything allowed in a positive sense, and an old romantic manifestation
about the "collective" ear in the field of usny creativity mayzhe is evident, because at every time in the even strongest step it is surrounded. І tse є solid progress of Russian science "1. The students of the robot Y. M. Sokolov "Russian folklore" may say: "Systematic guardianship over the lives and creativity of the cossacks of the Bilin, the Kazakh , viuchka, talent; memory and moments of individual psyche ”2. Vcheniy bachiv in the dermal visonavtsya usno-poetical creations in the meaning of the world and the creator - the author's. Among the folklore "authors" Yu. M. Sokolov vbachav "I do not diminish the versatility of individual views, not in the letters of artistic literature" 3.
The first vidomy folklorist, M.K. Azadovsky, also recognized all the theoretical provisions about the individual creative nature of folklore creations as correct. Winning against the "false sensations" about the discovery of the "so-called" folk art and looking at the surrounding creators in folklore as both rightful and full of original authors 4.
In the early 30s and 40s, the prices were adjusted. So, A. I. Nikiforov wrote: "The idea of collective mass creativity, hanging in the 60s of the last century, has been replaced by the idea of individual creativity in this hour" 1.
Principled theoretical pardon in cikh judgments about the creative nature of folklore in the fact that the process of creation of creations in folklore is related to literature. Published "author's" books of Kazakhs with biographies, with analysis creative way, Penetration in "individual" creative "laboratory". Orality has become the only criterion of folklore.
The science about folklore has a proponent of intelligence and creativity. There is a whole lot of intelligence from folklore studies of the 40-60s of the 19th century, from the “romantic” ones, as Y. M. Sokolov and others are called, theory in science. Until the number of adherents of the "romantic" theory, there may be a number of updates: F. І. Buslaev, V.G.Bulinsky, N.G. Chernishevsky, O.F. Miller, A.A. All the stench in the judgments about folklore came from the fact that one cannot be accustomed to literature and the zmist, and the nature of creative processes, and the poetry.
The review of the book of Kirsha Danilov and of the folklore book of V. G. Bylinsky wrote: "... the author of the Russian folk poetry is the Russian people themselves, and not some individuals." І. G. Chernishevsky, speaking about the folk songs, as about the "set by all the people", the Nemov created "one moral denunciation." Tsim Chernishevsky in folklore create from creatures, "written by some people" 2. F. І. Buslaiv, in his own heart, having thought, talking about the origin of myths, saying, epic songs,
the creator of ni myths, ni words, ni pictures. Everything was more poetical and skinny, like being attached, like being legal. The people are singing; having created a poetic transfer to the continuation of the table. Okremі and individuals of the boule sing, and only
sp_vaki and notification; Smells were only true and spontaneous, or spy, whatever the details of everyone ... The winniest stories, especially and the pod, were not supposed to be poets ... ; vin buv
it was a great choice for those who found it in the public opinion, but it especially could have nourished the heart. Ale and when there is freedom, he sings the buv not vilny at the vibor of the words and the viraz ...
turn to quiet images, virases and tsilim proms "1. About "the presence of special creativity" in folklore, he wrote about F.I. Buslaeva - O. F. Miller 2. It is easy to remember the aphorism of Academician A. N. Veselovskiy: "People's epics of anonymous, like middle-aged cathedrals"
Wonderful Russian philologist A.A. Potebnya, visually the essence of the "folk" - folklore - creativity, having respected, that there is "win from the memory of the dzherel (ie. unequivocally passed through the significant sphere of the people's minds ”. The price of passing, mindlessly, transferring the change to the creature is evident to the understanding and the manifestation of creating the middle. Thought about the "people's minds" 4 A. folklore As soon as I follow the same one, I admit again, in view of the testimony, the need to be lost in the minds, for the long time after the designated number of thoughts ”1. In the same way, in folklore, traditional creativity is evident: new messages of leather, the spirit of creating, being lost in the boundaries of the traditionally accepted tradition.
M. Gorky has repeatedly spoken about the nature of usny folk creativity. Win bachiv in the new "collective creativity of all the people, and not the special purpose of one people"
this wisdom, as having accumulated the popular information, and the creativity of the surrounding mayter is not in the forefront of tradition.
M. Gorky is happy with the folklore of goiters, because science has saved and developed the most recent part of the theoretical decline of pre-revolutionary folklore. In the article “Specifics of Folklore” V. Ya. Propp wrote: “We stand on the point, that folk creativity is fiction, but it’s the same, and it’s the development of folklore and science. In general, we are solidarized with our elders, yak F. Buslaev or O. Miller. Those who were old science perceived instinctively, grasped even more naively, unmistakably or not scientifically, but emotionally, then at once they were purified from romantic pardons and taken to the proper extent by carefully thought-out science and methods. The last insight of our hour, P. G. Bogatirov, stverdzhuvav: “In the minds of folklore as individual creativity tendencies until the end of the cordon between the history of literature and history folklore has reached its best point... ... Tsya teza maє buti give a ground glance. Why is it guilty of re-glancing to mean the reabilitation of a romantic concept, as the representatives of the guessed point of view criticized so sharply? Without sumnіvu. In the tribute of romantic theorists, the characteristics of insight and the sleepy poetic creativity and literature have replaced a number of virny thoughts, the romantics of mali, the races of the ostylka, the odor of the stench fostered the collective character sleepy-poetical creativity and put him on my own. The order of the correct text in the romantic concept of the goal is low solidified, as it does not show the past scientific criticism "1.
Yak has already been identified, in modern science and folklore tendencies emerge as a manifestation and beginnings of all this power. So, one of the ethnographic references is presented in a statute, which says: “... we do not think to put the specifics of folklore as a manifestation of mystery. However, it’s not enough to steal, but to solidify us in that Duma, but the main peculiarity of folklore is but it’s just a little bit of science - and it’s philological, ethnographic, some skin folklore, a fact that is inevitable.
verbal mystery. In some words, it seems, the skin is a folkloric phenomenon є a whimsical and aesthetic manifestation "2. First, for everything, in the end it is firmly established, that folklore will be established and "one hour" the phenomenon will be popped up and mystery. Kazka, bilina, lyrical song, I want to know, but to be brought up to the master of the word, artistic creativity, and only to new. You can tell about the bagatokh and other folklore creations. Ale golosinnya, calendar and vesting pictures, like the acts of creativity in folklore, it really is possible not to carry it artistic character and not to be a mystery of glamor. Folklore vivchaє aesthetic, ideological and artistic power and specialness of folk creativity in that sense, if there are appearances on the right that are included in the beggar, and, apically, in all kinds of things, if I can tell with such mystical words. Ethnography is occupied by the people: її subject - ethnic processes, ethnic spirituality. The subject area of ethnography as a science in modern intelligence is ethnos (people), and everything, as an ethnographer, takes a look at ethnographer's “through the prism of a vikonannya” ethnic functions. Vidomy Radianskiy-ethnographer Yu. V. Bromley gave an insight into the history of folkloristic and ethnographic analysis: function "2. Folklore є philological and mystery-Vedic discipline and the way to learn from the analysis of that mystery, which is included in the pobut, from the ethnographic approach, which has its own purpose and establishment. Yu. V. Bromley, zokrema, meaning that there is no way to find a bit-by-word sign of the skin genre in folklore, “it’s not even a matter of food: there are some wines characteristic of the culture of that particular people,” and yasuvannya not only philological and aesthetic, ale
and cultural-by-word functions of usny folk creativity are not more powerful than ethnographic establishments "1. In such a rank, folklore studies become the science of a masterful and philosophical cycle. The subject is the mystery of the word, the artistic creativity of all
Specificity was historically presented. Who has the specifics and in what forms to work in this artistic process?
literature
There is no single intelligence of the term "historical pictures". With this term, create a combination of different genres, which take place in its own historical reality. In a man's intellectual and historical painting, they call the epic and part of the lyrical-epic creation, attributed to the images of historical stories and episodes from the life of historical individuals. I.P. - the continuation of the development of the epic creativity of the people, for example, having taken part in the bilines in the era of the birth of feudalism and the early stages. I.P. - epichni or lyrical-epic creation of the era of the rooted Russian feudal state.The main cycles of historical songs.
I.P. Diluted by 1 - bilini and baladi about the fight against the Tatars (anti-Tatar poezia). The other half has 16 st. there are cycles of pisen around the chilny child hanging in Russia that hour - Ivan the Terrible, and the main hero hanging by the masses of the people - Urmak. The other half has 17 st. (Revolt under the rule of Stepan Razin), the theme of social protest, which was deprived of the cob of 17th century in the songs, became the main one in the songs of the Razin cycle and rejected the self-styled art. Decision. There is a further pugachov cycle, which, by the day, repeating the Razin cycle. The last great cycle of historical songs Vinnik vіtchiznyа vіynoyu 1812 RUR
B.25. premiums. Parimi? Am I a paremiya? I - in the liturgical practice of the Orthodox Church - reading from the books of the Holy Letter. Parimії to revenge in our own prophecy about how to celebrate the holy day, for praise to the saint, the memory of which is happening.
Most of the texts for the parims are taken from the Old Testament, however, in the days of the commemoration of the apostles, the texts of the parims are taken from the New Testament. Most of the parimia is read at the Christmas Eve, on the evening entrance. However, in the seven days of Great Lent, parimia is also read for the 6th year. Krym, parimia read at the Great Four for the 1st year and on the morning of the Great Suboti.
Parimії on neruhomі is holy to take revenge in Minea, and on ruhomi saint - in Tіody.
Paremiology (Greek Paroimia - prisliv'ya and logos - word, vchennya), section of philology, scho vivcha paremia - prisliv'ya, prikazki, vislovi.
Behind his wicked may the vidnoshennya to the wicked be holy: the stench to revenge in one's own, or a prophecy about how to celebrate the holy day, or explaining to the senses is holy, or praise to the saint. The number of P. in the holy day is not the same: there are three for the Annunciation, 5 for the Annunciation, 8 for the Holy Day of Christ beforehand, 13 for the Holy Epiphany for the evening, 15 on Great Saturday, and so on.