A short terminological vocabulary from geography. Tlumachny vocabulary from geography

SHORT GLOSSARY
national geographic and international terms and names

Adir(Türk.), The hump-ridged front of the mountain is either isolated from the temple with a flat or hollow top and strongly dissected grasses. The term "Adir" (the order with the term "counters") is to get used to the leading rank in Central Asia and Kazakhstan.

ALAS Yakut Expanded in the areas of lagoon, bagatorichnomerzlikh breed, the head rank in Yakutia.

ALATAU, Ala-Too (Türkic, Lit. - strings of mountains), high ridges in the mountains of Central Asia, Pivdenny Siberia, the Urals with a kindly twisted altitude explanation and common in the landscapes of snowfields and ice-grass, green meadows ... Enter the geographic name (for example, Zailiyskiy Alatau, Talasskiy Alatau).

Alvaro(From Swede. Ålvar), landscape with low-yield soils and small grassy dewline. Ridkisnі of the sacred pine tree with the house of yalini, birch. Typical for a private and island estonia.

ALPINE BELT, Vysotny (ponad 2500-3000 m) belt in the good mountains of the surrounding and subtropical latitudes. Roztashovany vishche subalpіyskogo belt, meaning. Hanging gir changes with a non-valiant belt. Klimat cheer for Suvoriy vysokogirny, with clear snowfalls and continue. (6-10 months) lagoon cover; the intensity of sleepy radioactivity is significant. Roslinnity of low-grass alpine meadows with thickets of slate chagarniks. Check out. the specialty of the alpine belt is without. In the broad sense, the Alpine belt is the upper belt of the height between the lines.

anticyclone(Vid Greek. Anti - against cyclone), the area of ​​the grip in the atmosphere with a maximum in the center. The anticyclone will last 2-3 yew. Km, іsnu from decіlkoh days to decіlkoh tizhnіv, inodіnі nadovgo rise over the continents. Nybilsch often grows in subtropical latitudes and over Antarctica, and the charge - over the continents in the middle latitudes... Near the panu anticyclone zone, the dry weather is clear: it is charged with severe frosts, and during high temperatures.

ARAL(Türk. I Mong. - Islands), flooded small rivers and water lakes with a great number of islands. The term is to get used to Middle Asia and Kazakhstan.

Arashan, Arshan, Arasan (Turkic), Mineral, often thermal, dzherelo. Terms of extensions in Central Asia, Kazakhstan, Kalmiki; It is also established in Pivdenniy Siberia, Mongolia, Western China. To be included in the names of the holiday resorts and resort towns (Kapal-Arasan, Barlik-Arasan, etc.).

ARCTIC BELT, the most important natural belt of the Earth, which will hunt a larger part of the Arctic. Pampering arctic winds, low temperatures of winds and surface ocean waters, landscapes of arctic willows (rocky and rocky) and arctic moss-lichen tundra.

AFGHANETS, a strong pivdenno-western wind, which is located on the side of Afghanistan in the regions of the Western Pamiru and the upper reaches of the Amu Darya. Termez is able to spend up to 70 days on the river. Carry a rich saw. Pogirshu visibility. In the mountains, there is an increase in the temperature of the wind, which will speed up the tannin of the snigiv (change the water in the rivers).

"BABINE LITO", the period of warm and dry weather in the middle of the winter season is the 1st half of the week. Surrounding with a stiff anticyclone; triva 1-3 tizhnі (call for trivial period board and cold weather).

Bayrak(Türk.), Bayrak, dry yar abo gully, overgrown with broad-leaved, overgrown oak, fox (head rank in Donbas, on the Central Russian and Volga regions).

BAKINSKY NORD, Khazri, pivnichny type bori on the Apsheron Peninsula and on the Uzbek coast of the Caspian Sea to the south of Baku. It is estimated to be close to 60 times per month, often during the day. The triviality of cutaneous invasion is from 1 to 3.5 dB.

BEAM, a dry valley in the steppe and forest-steppe zones. Gently grabbed and the bottom is sodden, often covered with chagarnik or wood. Dovzhinoyu up to 30 km, clay up to ten m, width up to 100 m.

BALTA(Mold., Rum. - swamp), swampy and does not dry up in the dry season rychkova float in the valleys of the great rivers in the South of Ukraine, in Moldova and Rumunia.

bar, 1) the bar of the coastal - vuzka, the coast is bridged by the alluvial swamp of the land, and the lagoon is seen from the sea. 2) the wellhead bar - feeds the sub-water shaft into the coastal smoothies of the sea bottom in front of the rychka's mouth.

"Lamb lobi", skeletons in the form of native rocks, rounded or oval shapes, broadening in areas of ancient and freezing ice. Numerical on the Kola Peninsula and in Karelia. The groups of "rams lobiv" set up "curly skeli". "Baranyachi lobi" is a serious re-code for oversupply, to provide insurance for alpine and tourist (cover with a snow or wet the board with slimy).

BARGUZIN, cold skidny or pivnichno skidny viter bori type, scho dme from the upper r. Barguzin towards the lake. Baikal. The triviality is less than dobi (part of the boom in the beginning of the year), the greatest strength or the reach of the sun.

dunes(Türk.), Sickle-shaped in the plan for the purchase of picks (up to 150 m in height), moving in panuyuyuyu vіtra. Navitryanu (opucleus) was seized by a gently sloping і dovgy, leeward (uvіgnutii) - steep і short, so that it goes into zagostreni "horns". The dunes can be alone, or fold the ridges, lantsyugi, pіramidi.

POOL RICHKY(Franz. Bassin, in late Lat. Bacca - a vessel with water), territory, with water on the surface and a subterranean path to the river (river system). Sumy basins rychok are fed by water.

BILKI, Bilogir'ya, girski ridges and peaks, in a large stretch of the whole or a large part of the rock. Termin to get used to the head rank in Pivdenniy Sibir (Altai, Sayani); enter the geographic name (for example, Agul Bilka, Katunsky Bilka).

Bilogir'ya, 1) those same, bіlki. 2) The peaks і grabbed the gir with the naked girders of the big breeds, for example, vapnyaks, marls, or cover with moss and lichen.

BILI NOCHI, light nights on the cob of litas, if evening dawn to converge on the rank and all nich trivayut sov. civil days. It should be promoted in both periods at latitudes up to 60 °, as long as the center of the Sontsya declines before the horizon is no more than 7 ° below. In St. Petersburg, there are 2 lindens each for 11 worms, in Arkhangelsk - for 13 worms for 30 lindens.

bergschrund(Нім. Bergschrund, from Berg - mountain і Schrund - trіschina), pіdgіrna tіrіschyna, opening up our ice and fіrnu bіlya bіdnіzhzhya schilo gіrskogo lodovik. Vidokremlyuє to the unruly, frozen to the skela part of the lodovik from the ruhomoi. The edge of bergschrund can be found on the small rivnya, setting ice and firnovi stinks of the head of the Bergshrund metro station from the overhanging wall - a serious re-code for tourist and alpine tourists. Fill bergschrund on snowy (winter, ice) bridges, avalanches cone of wine, or on traffic jams from snow that stuck shaved ice or stones. When every day it is possible to descend into the bergschrund and go down from the other side behind the help of the ice axes and ice-bore hooks, on the rabbins or on the way, one one. Before the hour of descent, the bergschrund can be re-braced on insurance or descend into a new secured motor and then go to the lower edge in one of the described ways.

Saucer STEPOVI, depressions, more flat, rounded lowering (with a diameter of tens, more than a hundred m, a glide up to 2-2.5 m) in steppe and lisostepian zones (in Russia - Skidno-European Rivnina and Western Siberia).

BORA(Ital. Bora, from the Greek. Boréas - pivnich, pivnichny viter), strong cold wind, straightening down the girskiy schilah. Sposteriza overvazhno charge, in the middle of the road, a rather low mountain ridge between the sea: on the North of the Chornomorsk Uzbek coast of the Caucasus (Novorossiyska Bora), on the Uzbek Novoi Zemli (Novozemelskaya Boru), on Baikal (Barguz)

bochages, vir, bezodnya, drowning the bottom in the channel of the watercourse, gradually filling it with water (it’s safe to navigate until the hour of dry land, if the water runs dry).

BREEZE(Franz. Brise - light wind), muscular wind, which has a good period along the coast of seas, great lakes, and also along the shores of great rivers. The change is straightforward to dock, which is surrounded by the uneven heating of the land surface and water, and pouring into the debris of the ships. Denny (sea) breeze of dme with water on the heating of the uzberezhzhi, flashing comfortably wash for a wash, bathing; a low (coastal) breeze of straightening from the cold Uzbek coast to the water.

BURAN(Türk.), Notice at strong wind and low temperatures. The term is used as a head rank in the steppe regions of Siberia and Kazakhstan.

STORM, storm, even strong (at a speed of 20 m / s), carry on. vіter, wiklikak great hvilyuvannya on the sea and ruinuvannya on land. The storm is rolling atmospheric fronts, Glibokikh cyclones or tornadoes.

bistrin, shaved, dilyanka rychka, which is characterized by a great glib and shvidkoy current. Through the ringing of the river channel, on the second day there are ledges to either the great rocks, the steep ear, as well as high speed flows in the bystrine, there are transverse high and low flows, to bring up to the last part of the central part of Russia bottom to surface. Especially not safe for swimming on the bistrin is the viri and glibinni wikidi waters. Smells are recognized unsuccessfully, short hours (2-30 sec.) І end with rapt; It’s important to transfer it to that song. Both the jet and the virgin can change directly to the collapse of a light tourist vessel (for example, kayaks, inflatable chapel), roll it over and turn it over. It seems like a coup of small flesh on a bistrin ryhok with a straining plate and a great vitratic water (the Katun river in the lower reaches, the Maliy Onisei river). The overturning of the kayak can also happen if the members of the flight, opening the ship, are able to resist the force of the overhead stream, or to the virus, do not get up to pinch their own life. When sailing along the bistrin, unicati great glybin, The success of the straightforward flow in the potato, and the members of the history who are guilty of being smart and happy.

b'єf(Franz. Bief), a part of water, rivers and a canal, roasted over the course of a water supply system (rowing, sluice), sov. upper b'єf, or lower - lower b'єf.

SHAFT, schodo vuzka dovga і nevisoka form of relєfu. Razrіznyayut vali, stems dіyalnіstu hvil (coastal valleys), rychok (tied valleys), lodovikіv (moraine valleys), selіv (debris vali) and іnshi.

VERTEX, whish point girskogo massiv, or the most important part of the be-like elevation (pagorba, gori, girskogo ridge). Behind the shape there are peaks, dome-shaped, plateau-like and іnshі peaks.

WATERFALL, the fall of the water in the river is from the ledge (with a steepness of 45 °), which overflows the river channel. The water can fall along the decilkoh ledges aspil, settling into a series of late-grown waterfalls - a cascade. When the steepness of the ledge is less than 45 °, the falling flow of water is called a water slope or a water slope. Small watersheds at winter are often called Padun.

VODODIL, line, scho razdіlyaє sumіzhnі pools rychok, waters. Naybіlsh clearly stitches in the mountains, often zbіgayuchisya along the lines of the ridges of ridges. On the bends, it is less clear.

visokogir'ya, high-altitude relief, a type of girskogo relief (absolute height is more than 2000-3000 m), which is characterized by great divisions, steep grapples, a great number of skel and osip, in the Caucasus, ice forms of relief,

An easy explanation, The variability of the zonality, the vertical zonality, the regularity of the change of natural minds and landscapes in the mountains. Surrounded by the head rank of the winter climate with a height: a decrease in temperature (in the middle by 6 ° C per 1 km per day), a grip of food, instead of a new saw, the growth of the intensity of the sleepiness, and also 2-3 km (up to rіchnoї sumi fallen. The nature of the hanging zonation varies in the fallowness from the exposure of the grains, as well as in the world from the distance from the seas to the whole continent. Hanging belts are stitched on great vidstany in the fringes of one shilu or all girsky systems (for example, lisolugovy-steppe, subalpine, alpine, glacial in the Tien Shan mountains).

GUY, dibrova, leafy gai or overgrowth of chagarniks in forests and lisosteps. The term is to get used to the leading rank in Ukraine and in the Volga region.

Ganchev, I will name the middle Asian knitting material, possessed by the stone-like rock, which can take revenge on the gypsum and clay. Ganch to grind plaster, decorate and decorate lithium. sculpture.

Gari, dilyanki lisu, pozhkodzheni or dignity in the fire. It is important to pass through fallen trees, often swampy.

GARMSIL(Taj. Garmsel), dry hot wine in front of the mountains of the Kopetdag and Zakhid Tien Shan, which dme from the south and the south to the east.

geliktitiv(From the Greek. Helictós - to ring), folding eccentric stalactites, roasted in the small parts of the karst pechery. They are distinguished by very attractive, often fantastic forms.

arm(Ukr. Gorlo), called a branch and a channel in the deltas of the great rivers, which flow into the Chorna and the Azov Sea.

oily, a ball of good ice, to pretend to earthly surfaceі on objects (booths, stoves, trees), or on the winding side, frosty clumps of overcooled board or mryaki. Slow to survive at temperatures from 0 to -3 ° C.

ogel, a thin ball of ice on the earth's surface, so that it settles down to a long time or the board gets colder as a result, and also, if wet snow is freezing, drops the board, or the marsh comes from a very cold surface.

Goltsov, expanding in Siberia I will name the smoothed mountain peaks, where the upper boundary line grows; Roslinn_st often vіdsutnya (name name). On the vidminu from the bilkiv, fox mountain in the warm time of the rock ringing from the snow. The term "Goltsi" is included before the warehouse of geographical names (for example, Tunkinskie Goltsi).

Гірськодолинні вітри, mіscevі vіtri in the mountain valleys, so we can change straight ahead when the weather is stiff. Їх formulated with a view of the warmed and cold atmosphere over the mountains and bordered by plains. In the daytime, the lower valley wind takes place, at night - the declining mountain wind. When winding up in garnished weather, a place for new ones to pick up from the sloping mountain-valley wind, and plan to put it across the valley or the entrance down the valley.

GARNIAN COMB, the upper part of the Girskiy ridge is sharply twisted, abo massivu, the mice of convergence of yogo shiliv. You can be toothy і hostile, rounded, plateau-like with a skeletal, hoarse, grassy, ​​snowy or ice-like surface. Girski combs with a hostile edge and sharp-edged grapples are called knives; short gostri combs with significant ugil - ribs; okremі, obviously turning in the sounds on the girskiy comb, are called gendarmes. Along the mountain ridges, they often lay highways to the passes and peaks. Girski combs are not strong until stone falls and avalanches, protest themselves (especially skelny and hoarse) do not easily grow into stone falls. Rukh on such ridges vimagaє pіdvischenoi uvagi: ulamki skel і okremі shaved can easily wiggle from behind legs and zirvatitsya down, grabbing for the people. In the region, it is not safe to know on the girskiy comb for the hour of menace - the price of the most effective moment of battle. On the snow and ice ridges, it is not easy to establish the cornice of the snow. For people who perebuvayut under the cornice, the collapse is similar to an avalanche or rockfall; how to walk along the cornice to rise when the cornice collapses (in front of people) zirvatsya from the ridge at once with sigom. In case of Russia along the high ridges with steeply shaving grapples and close to the snow cornices, insurance is required.

GARNIY KLIMAT, klimat of girskih m_tsevsty. The main features of the girskogo climate: lowering the atmospheric pressure, increasing the intensity of sleepy radioactivity, the cleanliness of the morning (posture of the middle streets), lowering the temperature and the absolute visibility of the hour, increasing the sleepiness A type of girskogo climate - a high-grade climate - to form at a height of 2-3 thousand m.

GARNIY pass, there is more and more reduction in the Girskiy Ridge, which grows along the nearby ridges. The width is a little over a kilometer, one hundred meters.

hryvnia, to form a relief in viglyadі vuzky, gentle, linearly vigorous temples. Dovzhina from decilkoh hundreds of meters to tens and hundreds of kilometers, height from decilkoh m up to 100-160 m.

STORM. In a tourist trip, there is a strong sense of energy for people with atmospheric electrical discharges. Razrіznyayut directly otrazhennya - with the familiar tourist group for an hour, menace on the peaks, crests, wide sides or open space; diyu elektromagnitnoi іnduksії (інduktsіyny strumіv) - when passing an electric discharge on the back of up to 1 m from the people (for example, to sit bіlya stovbur tree at the time of the blow of the blister); damage by struma, as a result of the widening of the electric discharge on the lilac soil, dilens with wet or overgrown with lichen skels, impregnated with metals (for example, metal ores), purchased by vologians in the villages and gorges and so on.

GROTTO(Franz. Grotte, іtal. Grotta), 1) there is a small furnace with a frequent stele and a wide entrance. 2) Significantly expanded with the addition of crypts, the part of the pyre of the vuzky passage. 3) Nisha in the tip of the ice-cream, the sounds are vodi.

LIP, Take on Pivnochi and Distant Descent of Russia the people (pomorske) are called gliboko vdayutsya into the dry land, rivers flow into the land (for example, Onega Guba, Obskaya Guba), and on the polar islands - lodoviki.

DAG, tag, tau, too (Türkic - mountain, mountain), one of the extended terms in the toponymy bagatokh girsky districts in the Crimea, Caucasus, Middle Asia; vidpovida to understand "mountain", "top", "ridge". Enter the warehouse of geographical names (for example, Kopetdag, Dagestan, Ayudag).

Pillbox, dovga, ryznoi glibini ulogovina (beam), scho maє small uhil, wide bottom, curtains were snatched.

VALLEY, line the ruin of the earth's surface, so that the ruin from the top to the bottom. Confirm in the result of the development of water or ice flow.

dolmen(Franz Dolmen, see Breton. Tol - style and men - stone), megalithic sporud, near the view of the great stone box, covered with a flat slab. Expanded in the Caucasus and in the Crimea.

FRIEND(Нім. Druse), the form of a mineral in the viglyadі group of crystals that have grown on the back room.

drumlini(Eng., Some drumlin), dovgasti pagorbi, roasted in groups in the areas of the extended old-time icy, knit right into the ruins of icecaps. Dovzhina from decilkoh hundreds of meters to 2-3 km, width 100-200 m (from one to 700), height from decilkoh m to decilkoh tens of meters. Characteristic for Estonia and Latvia.

dunes(Нім., Some Düne), food pagorbi, applied in the morning. Also called dunes are the purchases of pisks on the Uzbek coast of seas, lakes, rychok and іn. At the bottom of the dunes, the leeward steep grabbed an opucleus, the "horns" are strongly pulled back (against the wind). Visota from 10 to 30 m, from 1 to 100 m.

Elan, glade, pasture, meadow. Expansion term in the Volga region, Peredurally, in the Urals, in Siberia. In Western Siberia, Elan calls them wild birch-ossik foils.

YORNIK, overgrowths of low-growing chagarniks (dwarf birch, polar willow, etc.) in the paved part tundra zone and in the mountains of Siberia.

geody(Franz. Geode, in Greek. Geodes - earth-like; in a round shape), closed empty in any kind of rocky rocks, generally filled with crystalline mineral.

zberigak, smog thin untidy ice You will settle down to the banks of the rychok, lakes and watersheds, and start appearing before the frozen waters.

plant, a small inflow into the river bed with a large, often ringing flow.

FREEZE, Reducing the temperature of the night to higher values ​​at night, or at night, during the fall, if the average temperature is 0 ° C.

Zandra(Іsl., Some sandr, іd sand - pisok), the plains near the outskirts of ancient and modern ice-cold waters, formed by streams of ice-ice waters; storage with pebbles, gravings, squeaks. Occupy large areas in Polissi, on the Meshcherskaya lower valley, in the Western Siberia.

winter road, 1) winter road in taizi along rivers, lakes, forests and swamps, the first cold weather is available; 2) in winter there is a livelihood, hibernation.

zibun, shallow, rafting, dilyanki overgrow with water, the surface of water is covered with a growth of up to 1-2 m.

ІБЕ, Ebe, Ebi, evgey, dry pivdenno-skidny and skidny wind on the lake. Alakol in Kazakhstan, a house from the Dzhungarskoy Vorit from the side of the lake. Ebi-Nur (zvidsi name) in the cold season of rock. ІBE grows impulsive, due to high temperature; Carry a lot of saw, squeak, and some crushed stone.

NEEDLE, cool gostra girsk top, girskiy peak. We will go to the power of the visokogir'ya with the help of the icy ones.

twist, meander, flowing viginus of the rychkovy channel. When mean. viginі of the channel of the watercourse can be drawn by a new path, a short way і twirl over to the flooded lake (oxbow). There may be minor twists and turns of waterways, so the loops for water tourists can be straightened by drag. I will twist the characteristic for the rivnin and in front of the girder.

pamoroz, puffs of snow-like ice crystals growing on trees, wires and other objects. Confirm in the minds of the fog as a result of a sublimation of a water bet with a low temperature of the night, charge a charge in a calm frosty weather.

FROST, a thin irregular ball of creepy crystals, asserted in the result of sublimation of water betting on the surface of the ground, grass and small objects as a result of cooling to negative temperatures, lower, lower temperatures. Winikak is great in quiet clear nights.

ІSTOK rivulets, strumka, mice, lower yakogo are prevented from being constantly drawn by water in the channel of the watercourse. Dzherelami can serve dzherela (dzherela), lodoviki, swamps (for a turn to take a point, from which to fix the flow from a permanent channel), lakes (for a turn to catch a small flow of the coastal line with water) from the channel.

KAMIN, the name of the mountain peak, ridge, skeleton, the head rank in the Urals. Enter the geographic name (for example, Kosvinskiy Stone).

stonefall, the fall of the ulamk of the girsky generations, the stone shaves and the great stone masses of the cool girskih schilia. Winning will grow as a result of the revival of skeletal grains, the growth of tricky siege gravels (pebbles with house gravel and boulders), the vitality of moraine material from the body of ice. Often, stone falls are common to the earthworm, or vibuchovic robots (which are carried out in the mountains), and moreover, for them, the number of stones falls. Vypadkovo zirvavsya z-pіd feet of creature or people, or throwing stones can also be the cause of stone fall, navit there, de natural stones fall small (for example, on the grassy schili). The immovability of stone-fall is growing up, if from the next sleepy exchanges they fix it, the ulama of the girly species are frozen. In the early and early years of the stone fall, the most important in the first half, and in the waning - in the other half of the day. When the sun sets, you can t. vechіrnі kamenepadi, mumovlenі ruynuvannya gіrskіh generation from the frozen water in the trenches. Immovability of stone falls in maturity from hour to board and in a week.

Kami, pagorbi rounded or even ghastly form with a height of 6-12 m (up to 30 m), folded sortsuvati with sharuvati food and loamy material, covered from above with a cloak of moraine. Become a head rank in the regions of the rest of the mainland ice. Characteristic for Bagatyokh districts of the Baltic states, Leningrad region, Karelia.

CANYON(Від ісп. Cañon - pipe, gorge), gliboka rychkova valley or dilyanku valleys with steep, often tough, or even steep clumps and narrow bottom, sometimes occupy the river bed.

CAR(Нім. Kar), circus, armchairs, gliba bowl-shaped depression at the upper part of the girskogo shilu in the area of ​​development of the current or old-time ice. Deyaky kari are kept by the old ice-dwellers and by the firnom, and іnshі - by the seasonal accumulated snig. The bottoms of automobiles, rostaschanih lower than the modern line, often filled with water (Karovian lakes).

Karataev(Türkic - black mountains), girski ridges and masivi, pokriti in the main napіvnuyu і steppe dewlap, so that you can join from the uncrowded kamyanisty grabs; May a one-sided dark vidtinok. The term is developed in Central Asia, in the Northern Urals and in.

carlings(Karling), the girly top of the paramidal, great trigonal, form, which is asserted as a result of the overhanging of the rear walls of several cars, which rises into the girly array.

KARST(Нім. Karst, from the name of the plateau Karst, or Krasi, in Yugoslavia), are the processes that occur in the mountain rocks, which can be found in natural waters. Karst is characterized by a complex of surface (funnels, zholobi, groin, cavern, etc.) and subterranean (pecheri, empty, walk) forms of relief. Transition between surface and subterranean forms - negligible (up to 20 m) karst wells, natural mines or prirvi. Bagato karst pecheri є popular tourism and excursion objects (for example, Novoafonska pechera, Kungurskaya kryzhana pechera), as well as vikoristovuyutsya for recreational purposes (speleotherapy).

Karst funnel, the most widening of the surface of the karst. There may be seemingly closed depressions of a bowl-shaped, end-to-end or wrong shape, often with an opening at the bottom.

KLIMAT(From the Greek. Klíma, genus klímatos, literally. geographic characteristics... Climate is the leading rank for the exchange of energy of the Sontsya on the surface and into the atmosphere, as well as through the uneven growth of land and the ocean, which will form a continental and sea type climate. I pour a rich geographic factor into the climate: latitude of the place, orography, height above the sea level, oceanic and sea ​​flows... The climate of the regions in the meaning of the world is due to the nature of the growth, the manifestation of ice and snow cover, short-hour changes will turn out to be (volcanoes, lice burns, etc.). Regularly from the sizes and steps of the uniformity of the territories, the microclimates and macroclimates are seen. The basis of the climatic region of the country was the rise of territories for the temperature sinks of the liter (from the colder to the coldest) and the temperature sinks and the degree of healthiness, as well as the minds of the void (from the overwhelmingly vologous to the dry). When assessing recreational minds, it is also the steps of comfort during the warm period and the steps of discomfort in the cold period.

KILKI, birches, ossicles and willow foils, which occupy the lower interfluves in the forest-steppe and steppe zones (the leading rank in Western Siberia).

KOLIBA, Timchasove, often more rudely life of Hutsul woodcutters and shepherds, without vikons, with two heaps or a paramidal dach with an opening for dim. At the center of the colibi - a place for the open fire.

CONTINENTAL CLIMATE, a climate of great land masses, from the distance to the ocean and letting them flow into the water. Typical for the internal parts of Eurasia, de panun for continental hiking. From the sea clime, it turns out to be a great, bright and good-looking temperament, less cold, an altogether small amount of fallen, more washed-out atmosphere. The step of continental climate to develop growth in the glybin of the continent. A large part of the territory of Russia is characterized by a continental climate (head rank in Siberia) with great contrasting temperatures in winter and summer.

CONE(Lat. Conus, from Greek. Konos) volcanic, the shape of the relief at the viglyadі of the cone іf thаt іtіzanoy top, which is accepted as a result of the accumulation of volcanic material near the channel of the volcano. There is a crater at this summit.

corals, Mineral approval, as a result of capillary water spills on the surface of underground empty spaces (caves and in.) and natural forms (stalactites, stalagmites and in.).

KOSA, The smuga of the land is low, so it is one end to the shore, and it will end up in the direction of the sea (rivers, lakes). Folded with pebbles, pebbles, turtle. The term "Kosa" is included in the geographic name (Kinburnska Kosa, Tendrivska Kosa).

RANGE, the temporal region is linearly tied with soft rounded outlines of the tops. Vidnosnі vizoti - tens, up to hundreds m.

xerofitna ROSLINNIS(Vid Greek. Xerós - dry і phytón - roslin), dry growing plants; broadened in the steppes, napustels, kestrels (for example, kovili, fescue, polina, astragals, etc.).

lobbies(Vid French Couloir - corridor), a path on a steep, relieved by the height of the mountain, as an avalanche and stone drift downward; bіlya pіdnіzhzhya couloirs, cones of osipіv are established. Characteristics for visokogir'ya.

MOUND(Türk. - fortress, ukrіplennya) The height is up to 20 m. You can play in the steppe zone. Mounds are also called natural outliers.

curtain(In French. Courtine), in the list there is a group of trees and chagarniks of the same breed in a green forest, or a group of growing trees, which are not needed for cutting the forest for the production of viruboks.

kurums, Corum (Türk.), Meaning behind the area of ​​the purchase, shaved girskikh rocks, cloak-like lay down on gentle girskikh grabs and flat tops. Termin get used to the head rank in Siberia, in the Urals.

AVALANCHE(Нім. Lawine, from the sk.-capital. Lat. Labina - zsuv), the snowfall, the mass of the snow, which falls or hides from the steep girskih shilіv. Avalanches can be covered in all mountainous regions, and a steep snowy curve will emerge. The most frequent avalanches in the Caucasus and in the mountains of Middle Asia. The avalanches can win in any hour of fate and dob: during the re-entanglement of the snow, the hour of the hurtovin, because of the bright snowfalls, in the event of a little power, during the new snow, dry and on the surface of the ice; for an hour or so long as the boards are passed through the window between the ball and the water mast and the water soaked in the snow (wet avalanches); when set up in the lower balls of the commercial launch, it is stored from non-interconnected crystals, according to which the upper ball is snig ("snigovy doshki"). For the nature of the ruku they develop: Wasp - snigov zsuvi, ziskovuvali all over the surface of the shil; avalanches that collapse on beams and erosive furrows; Stream avalanches as they fall violently from ledges. The density of snow mass in a dry avalanche is 30-60 kg / m³, in a wet avalanche - 600-800 kg / m³, the average weight of the avalanche is 20-30 m / s, and only 50-60 m / s; The grip on the front of the falling avalanche can be shifted tf / m². Volodyucha majestic ruinous power, avalanches are not often the cause of catastrophes - the death of people, the destruction of the normal operation of roads, industrial sporud, sports complexes.

Lyda(Mozhlivo, іd fіn. Laito, genus laidon - small, not glib; eats. Laid - small island, milina), low coast, smog of wild rіvnіn on uzberezhzhi Baltic Sea and the sea of ​​Pivnichniy The icy ocean It is poured in every hour of high flashes.

laccolite(From the Greek. Lakkos - pit and lithos - stone), an additive form of the lagoon of magmatic rocks, which can be set on a small glybin when the magma is introduced into the siege rocks. Often twists in the relief at the viglyadi domes or "cows". Welcome to the lacquers of the Pivnichny Caucasus in the regions of Pyatigorska, Krimu (Ayudag, Kastel, Mashuk mountains).

LANDSCAPE(Нім. Landschaft) geographic, often one-sided dilyanka of the earth's surface, which is based on regular components and manifestations (relfu, climatu, versatility, etc.); one of the main things is to understand physical geography. Razrіznyayut natural landscapes and anthropogenic, so to become a larger part of all ninі іnіnuyh landscapes.

Lakhti(From eating. Laht, Fin. Lahti - inflow), small water inflow, bay. The term "Lakhta" should be included before the warehouse with the names of geographic entities that were developed on the Uzbek banks of the Baltic, White and Barents Seas (for example, Lake Linnulakht on Saaremaa Island)

LEVADA(Bolt. Livadia, new Greek. Libadi - meadow, pasture), flooded onions and leafy leaves along the valleys of the riverside rivers. The term is to get used to South Russia, Ukraine.

GLACIER, buying up the ice of atmospheric promenade, scho collapsing on the earth's surface; to settle in quiet areas, de solid atmospheric fall more, lower and lower. Shvidk_st to the ruff of ice lodgers reach decilkoh cm / add.
Girski lodoviki go to the valleys (they set up in the upper masses of the valley and go along these vyaginny lodoviks), for example Lodovik Fedchenko in Pamir, Engilchek in the Tien Shan, Dikhsu in the Caucasus (in the caves), in the bowls do not fall), hanging (in weakly curving depressions on steep slopes, a short, steeply falling move; characteristic ice avalanches), peaks (on the near-roasted flat or terminal peaks of the mountains, in the rest of the ), vіdrodzhenі (settling on the bottom of the valley from the ice collapses from the hanging ice hoppers, or when the valley ice hoe is turned into a steep slope, for example the ice hoe Ullu-Kam in Prielbrussi).

icefall, dilyanka lodovik with no tricky, razchlenovuyt yogo on the edge shaved. Settle in the scenes of a steep hump of the bed of the ice dweller. The length of the icefall can reach up to several hundred meters. When the icefall was shaved, the icefall was shaved into the chimera of the colony and the piracy - Serakov. Through the bezperervny collapse of ice, the relief of the icefall is constantly changing: the crumbling shaves, the tremors disperse and curl up.

LANTOCHNI bori, pine trees in the forest-steppe and steppe zones of Western Siberia and Pivnichny Kazakhstan. Prostyagayutsya vuzky smos (lines) bridle the great rivers (Ob, Irtish, Tobol and іn.). Birch and wasp are growing in the order of the pine. Mayut more important water protection and soil protection value.

LUKE, vigin, arc-shaped turn of the rychka (for example, Samarska Luka on the Volz); mis, oginaє richkoyu. Morska onion, or lukomor'ya, - vigin of the sea coast.

MARI, boggy ridkostіynі modrіnі lіsu in the Central Siberia and on the Distant Descent, which alternates with dіlankas of dull, bushy pains and ernіkov.

imla, dry fog, dimness of the lower spheres of the atmosphere, great wickedness in the great amount of solid particles (saw, dim, garu, etc.). The visibility at імлі decreases from 1 km to decіlkoh hundreds or tens of meters. It is typical for steppes and hedgerows; vinikє also in the case of fossil and peat pozh, volcanic vyverzhennyi. Above the great places of the world, there is a misunderstanding, tied with anthropogenic complications.

low water, the phase of the water regime of the river is systematically promoted, which is characterized by steep, low ryvnyas and small vitrates of water; triviality not less than 10 days. Naybilsh is clearly swept in the period of dry or frosty weather, if the water content of the rychka is taken up by the head rank of ground living. In the middle and high latitudes, in the rural rivers, there is a summer and winter low-water period.
A low level of water in the rivers, as a rule, accelerates the rafting along them in the connection with the appearance of additional crossovers - a shiver, rolls and іn. At low water it is easier to organize a ferry across the river.

shallow hills, type of relfu, scho є every day, slothlessly wandering pagorbivs and ridges, schooning behind flat valleys or valleys. Suitable for a height of up to 50-100 m. To form in the drains of a dry climate (for example, Kazakh dibnosopkovik).

menhiri(From Breton. Men - stone and hir - dovgy), megalithic sporuda - dug vertically into the ground by a stone. Go to Siberia and the Caucasus.

Note, khurtovina, transferred to the snow by a strong wind over the earth's surface. Razr_znyayut: drifting, bottom and out-of-the-way notice, for example, from the vipadannyam of the snig.

MIRAGE(Franz. Mirage), an optical phenomenon, like a field in the fact that in the atmosphere there are visible images of distant objects (bud, trees, etc.), incl. It is not easy to be found beyond the line of the horizon, and instead of being created by the entities themselves. The mirage is explained in terms of the internal visualization of light in the atmosphere in the minds of the development of the atmosphere. Ridkisna form of the mirage with the appearance of folding and smartly small images of objects, which are located beyond the horizon, called Fata Morgana.

BLISKAVKA, electric discharge between electrified chimars, or even with such chimars and the earth's surface, in a circle of kilometers and trivial in ten parts of a second. Bliskavka supervodzhute thunder. Krym zvychaynoї (lіnіynoї) bliskavki for an hour threaten the start of spiteful bliskavka.

Moraine, the purchase of non-graded ulamkіv of gіrskіh breeds, as they are carried over or in the case of an icebreaker. Determine the appearance of debris debris (surface, internal and bottom) and debris debris.

mrya, Atmospheric fall off at the sight of others (with a diameter of not more than 0.5 mm), droplets onto the board, let it fall from the dark gloom to the fog.

SEA KLIMAT, oceanic climate, climate, which is formed under the overwhelming influx of oceanic spaces. Expansions of the head rank over the oceans, as well as over those parts of the continents, as there is a strong influx of ocean povitryan mas... From the continental climate, it grows by reasonably low temperature and meaning. moisture content of the weather, cool summer and mild winter (in the middle latitudes), great coldness, strong winds. A melting month over the oceans in Pivnichniy pivkuly is a sickle, the coldest one is lute. Stiff snigovy do not pretend to be charged.

seas, 1) dry and warm winter wind, which is suspended and suspended from the Caspian Sea uphill along the valley of the Lower Volga. 2) Baku Sailor - a strong and warm winter weather on the western Uzbek coast of the Caspian Sea, incl. in Baku.

musoniv(Franz Mousson, Arab. Mausa - it's time for rock) Winter monsoons are often straightened from land to sea (continental muson), and summer months - from the ocean to land (oceanic muson). In Russia, the muson is widened on the Far East, de dry winter monsoon, to grow very coldly, while drinking Siberia on the Uzbek coast The Pacific, And in the lithuanian period of the month, bring the same here and there.

NAGIR'YA, a great girské pidnyattya, which is a single plateau, mountain ridges and masses, sometimes surrounded by wide mid-valleys. For the heat, the characteristic values ​​of the absolute weight and the small amount of change are characteristic (for example, Vermenske weight).

field, Kryzhanians will be able to wander on the surface of the subterranean, rychkovy and lake waters when they are frozen. The area is tens or even hundreds of square meters, even in the rychkovy valleys of Yakutia, it grows into a giant floor (10 km in area). Naybilsh widening in the basins of the river Yana, Indigirka, on the tributaries of the Oleni. Great krygi are being built on Pamiri, in the mountain valleys near the end of the ice skies.

NAST, firm kryzhana kirka on the surface of the snow cover, which can be established as a result of a thin crumbling or an upper thin ball of snow with further frost.

nivalny belt(In Latin Nivalis - snowy, cold), nival-glacial belt, belt of winter and ice, the very upper altitude belt in the mountains, as well as in the polar regions, the growth of the snowy line. For the nivny belt, ice-covered, snowfields, ice-form relєfu (kari, trogi, moraine and іn.), Skeli and osipi are characteristic. Widely developed processes of physical vivitryuvannya. Roslinn_st in the edge of the bed (the head rank is lichens and moss).

low-grade, low relief, a type of high relief (absolute height up to 1000 m), which is characterized by soft outlines of waters, gently sloping grains and appearing to the lowest tier of height. Expanded zzvychay on the periphery of the Girsk sporud.

Novorosisk BORA, strong, cold, dry winter-skidny wind, which dme from the Caucasus on Chornomorska uzberezhzhya mіzh Anapoy and Tuapse. Especially strong reach to Novorossiysk.

nunataks(Eskimoski., Vid nuna - self-contained and so - peak, peak), around the skeli, which appear over the surface of the ice in the Arctic and Antarctic.

NUR, nor (Mong., Buryat., Kalm. - lake, rates), by the waters of a small walk. The term is to live in Kazakhstan, Central Asia, Pivdenny Siberia.

YR, erozyna form of relєfu, approved by the range of timchakovyh (inodі small deceased) species on humpbacked valleys or temporal regions, folded easily by rocking breeds. Dovzhina is from hundreds of meters to decilkoh km, width is from decilkoh m to bagatokh tens of m, the depth is from a few meters (the most gliboks reach tens of meters). Expansion is important in the valleys of the steppe and forest-steppe zones, as well as in the front of the Caucasus and Middle Asia.

OVRING(Taj. - vuzka girska stitch, prirva, urvische), hanging wickerwork or prepared from the poles of the place and balconies for crossing the gorges, or for the passage of all the smart grasping. Expanded to Pamiri, to Tien Shan.

ozi, Eskera, vuzkі zvivistіvali water-ice hobby. Dovzhina is from hundreds of meters to tens of kilometers, width is from tens of meters to kilometers, and the height is up to tens of tens of meters. Establishment in Estonia, Latvia, Leningrad region.

oplivin, substitution down the ball on the ground abo fluffy, most often rich-clayey breed. For hikes, it is close to zsuv_v, seen from them in smaller sizes.

zsuv, kovzne the substitution of the mass of the girsky breed, often on the shoals of the river valleys, the high shores of the seas, lakes and watersheds, which are folded to be swallowed up by the swallowed layers of water (clay) and water-bearing rocks. As a result, there is a lot of fire on the ground on the ground and on the ground, the heat, the forest, the number of dzherel to the child.

Opole, a well-drained, leafless, slightly wavy plain in the south of the taiga and in areas of low and broad-leaved, lis_v of the Western European Plain.

outliers, Isolation of visochini, surplus of zruynovannyh more high surfaces (for example, Krasnoyarsk stovpi, the Valley of Prividiv on the graves of the city of Demerdzhi in Krima).

OSIP, The purchase of the ulamk of the girly breeds of the basics and in the lower part of the steep girders, either on the sidelines, which was confirmed as a result of the development of the girly genres and the wandering of the ulamk in the girder. Osipu is most characteristic for young gir (for example, for Pamir, Pamir-Alai), the process of ruining girly breeds is especially intensive. Behind the size of the ulamk, the Osipi add to the great (with the ulam, which is similar to the old people), the middle (the size of the ulam to change the size of the skull) and the other (with the ulam smaller than the skull). On the scaffolds of other ulamki, they grow out at the upper part of the osip, and large ones - in the lower part. Chim steeply grabbed and dribbled osip, tim bolshimovirno, made to lie on a hard, smooth surface, for example, on slabs, ice cakes. Rukhlivi (so-called live) ossipi can lead a non-coastal tourist, viclikati kamenefall. Especially not safe stench over the skidny skids, steps, as it is important to immediately pomit during the descent. "I live" the osip can be recognized by the fresh traces of blows of stones, we will be happy to see them.

vidrogi Girskiy ridge, a remarkably short vuzke of the Girskiy ridge; the ridge is of a different order.

flood, Somewhat short and not periodically increasing the level of water in the country as a result of the big boards, the fast pace of the snow and ice during the league. On the day of every day, try to be held at any hour of fate. The flood, especially at night, is not safe for tourists who roztasvanih on the low banks near the water, on the miles and spits. At the connection with the cym, it is necessary to follow the weather, break the mark on the high banks, tidy up all the speeches at the bottom of the chart, or for the rafting, fastened on the birch.

PADINNYA RICHKI, the difference in the height of the surface of the water in two points, which are removed for a day from one to one; Designed for okremikh dilyanoks or all riches. It should be calculated per 1 km of the channel, and for typical rural rivers it should be a cc cm, for girsky ones - a cinch m.

PADUN, waterfall abo porig on the river. The term is to get used to the North European part of Russia and to Siberia.

Valley, gliboka valley abo yar with a clock watercourse. The term is to live in the Shidny Siberia and the Distant Descent. At Zakhidny Siberia, there is a swamp on the great low in the forest.

PARMA(On the move, there is a thick daline forest on a high mountain), girski ridges and ridges, covered with glacial-dark woods on the Pivnichny and Subpolar Urals.

PASS, lowering in the ridges of the Girskiy ridge, zazvichay between two houses with suspended rychkovy valleys; the most accessible and safe place for crossing the Girskiy ridge is the іnshoї hydropower ridge. Two and a larger pass, between which are not often folded for a walk, and also on the way to the water-raising ridge (if it is from the passes), the way of the ridge to the offensive pass and the descent from the other is called to cross; This is how you look at one pass. Through the passes often pass through stitches, one of the cars, on the other side of the road. For the accessibility for walking in the middle of the earth, the mountain passes through the tsiloric and seasonal activities.

tumbleweed, Milky water dilyanka of the river bed, often overlooked the shaft, roasted across the river along all the width. Often you can see the broadening of the float on the fly, close to the airplane. Razrіznyayut rocky tumbleweeds, for shivers, and aluvials, are approved to be applied as a result of the modality of lateral and late leaks on the bends of the river bed and tied from the time of transfer and siege, and so on. The roll is laid out from the upper and lower cisterns, the upper and lower reaches of the hollows, the saddle with the head slope and the bottom, the ridge with cinnamon. Yogo bottom can be whipped business material- go down to the great pebbles or round timber. When you look at the roll from above, you can clearly see the gap between the calm and bright water; De smallness of water is more, there is more glybin. Pass the roll over there, de shvidk_st water and the best (do not be afraid of sickness, you can reach only one height of 1 m), so in the mountains with the calm water of the sea you can find a lack. They can be rolled over not safe milines, on which the bottom can be torn or the shells of a tourist ship can be torn, and by gusty leaks at the exit from the roll, on the cordons of the strumen with the great news.

PISHCHANA BURYA, a saw storm, carried over by a great amount of ground or a squeak of strong wind in the wilderness, like in the wilderness and rose-colored steppes. Most often, it is a long time, before the hour is dry, the visibility is very heavy, for what it is called a black storm.

CHURCHES, natural underworld emptying, obtained from the earth's surface with one or more decilcom. entrances. Establish itself as a way of vivugovannya і the growth of water-rooted rocky rocks (so-called karst rocks), underground growth of fluffy rocks, vyduvannya products іvіtryuvannya skel, tainenya ice (ice grottoes) and іn. At the stoves, there are often natural drops of light (stalactites, stalagmies, corals and іn.), Underground rivers, streams, siphons, watersheds, lakes are seen. For the internal parts of the caves, there are characteristic special microclimates, the appearance of sleepy barriers, the concentration in carbon dioxide, Svoєrіdna fauna (so-called speleofauna). Bagato pecheri є tourism facilities, incl. speleotourism. Deyakі pechery with friendly climatic minds vikoristovuyutsya with lіkuvalnoy metoyu (so-called speleotherapy).

SLAVNІ, boggy lowland estuaries of a small richok in the south of the European part of Russia, Ukraine, in Moldova, covered with difficult-to-pass growths of a loving growth (outgrowth, sedge, horns and others). There are dalyankas of flooded leaves.

PLATEAU(Franz. Plateau, іd plat - flat), the іvnina is carried out with a flat abnormally wavy, slightly dissected surface, bordered by different ledges to be found below the territory. Highly roasted plateaus often enter the warehouse of flat and plateaus.

Pleso, A glib dilenka of the river bed, which has been torn apart by rifts, invite to settle in the course of a meandering rychka at the ducked dilyanka viginu. Practical shipbuilding pleso has a large channel length without small watercourses, which can be used to cross the boat navigation.

PLOSKOGIR'YA, there is a great dilyanka of the girskogo relfu with a height of up to 1000 m and more of the perevazhannymi flat or weakly wavy water surfaces, divided by some high, gliboko valleys.

Be mindful, part of the bottom of the river valley, flooded before the hour of the flood. It grows low in the light, so it floods quickly, and in the high light, that it is flooded once a week (before the hour of the most high floods). Roslinnist - bows, chagarniks, foxes.

POLISSIA(The name of the pov'yazane z means. Zalisennya mistsevosti) often swampy or overly wetted. In the dewy curvature, there are wines and broad-leaved foxes. Characteristic for the Polis and Meshcher lowlands, the basin of the river. Vetluga.

POLONINI, The name of the dalyanok of the upper belt of the Carpathians and the gir of the Balkan pivostrov, which is characterized by a slightly hilly surface, flat tops. Pokriti with high-grade bows and good girskim shepherds.

Pauline, lane, dilyanka of clean water in the middle of the unstable kryzhany cover of the river or floating kryzhany waters on the seas and lakes.

POLARNA NICH, Period, if the Sonce does not rise above the horizon in the polar regions of the Earth, and such a rank of the rank of the day wanders without an average of the evening. In the winter season, the Earth is polarized at latitudes at 72 ° 5 ″.

Polar day, period, if the Sonce in the polar regions of the Earth does not go down beyond the horizon, I will do it well. Chim far to the Pole from the Polar Stake, the more the triviality of the polar day: in Pivnichniy Pivkuli at 68 ° Mon. win trivia 40 dib, at the pole - 189 dib, repairing from the day of the last day (21 or 22 worms).

PORIG rіchny, dilyanka of ryki with the ever-great fall of the water and the fast-moving trend. As a rule, one should admit, as a rule, in mice they cross over skeletal ridges, outcrops of hard-to-break girskiy rocks, purchase of boulders, ulamk_v skeleton, etc. Non-folding rapids are also used on water routes 2-3 grade. The characteristic elements of the threshold are water weeds, as in the fallowness from the kuta, the water falls - more than 45 °, close to 45 ° or less than 45 ° - it grows up to the watershed, the water slide, and just drain.
Evil - call it the most out of the stones and the most passable place in the porosity. A large number of spills is in the form of a tricycle, approved by a line bend of the water stream and oblique jets to the skel, so that it surrounds the drain of the base. To converge the braids of the strumen will wickle and there will appear standing chutes or a lancet chucks behind the top of the tricycle. In porosity, there may be one plum across the entire width of the river, or a sprinkle of spills and strain, shattered by protruding skeletons or stones. If it is time to stock up on decals after the last time, if you do not look like a ship, then such a time is called one-stage; If between plums the ship can easily maneuver and go from one bank to the other, then it is sometimes called bagato-stepnevim. Draining straight lines and braids: at a straight line, the line of the water flow is perpendicular to the flow of the rivulet; at the oblique - I set the rychka gostry kut with a plate. Vuzky oblique plum, in which the depth of the channel on the line of the bend strongly hangs off the coast, is called twisting or twisting.

GEOGRAPHIC BELTS, physical-geographic belts, natural belts, the greatest zonal subsurface of the earth's surface, across latitudinal and sub-latitudinal directions. Establish a system of zones і pіdzones, іnodі to bring up the children for the minds of wіllеn аnd іn. Climatic factors. The geographic belts can expand and sound before the inundation of the sea leaks. On land, you see an equatorial belt and two (in Pivnichny and Pivdenniy) subquatorial, tropical, subtropical, and subquatorial belts; in high latitudes Pivnіchno Pіvkulі The sub-arctic and arctic are growing, in the Pivdenniy pivkul - the sub-Antarctic and Antarctic belts are evidently.

Explanation hour, the system is at an hour, the basis of which is to lie beneath the earth's surface by meridians on 24 belts (after 15 ° of the way). The numbering of 24 belts is carried out from the approach to the circuit from the Greenwich Meridian. The clarity hour in the middle belts rises by 1 year. For the sake of convenience between time zones, be sure to follow the state or administrative cordons, as well as rivers, mountain ridges, etc. At all points, which lie in the boundaries of one belt, in the skin of the Danes, the moment one and the same hour of the middle meridian given to the belt enter.

COUNTERS, the name of the front ridges of the main ridges of the Pivnichny Tien Shan and the Dzhungarsky Alatau.

PROTECT, 1) a small river, which is surrounded by two waters or a lake with a river. 2) Vidgaluzhennya (sleeve) of the rychka, get the least amount of water, lower the head of the rychka.

PROFILE RICHKI The late, graphic image of the vertical rise of the river channel from the coil to the arm. It is an infinitely lower (downstream) curve, which is carried out along the line of the fairway, or along the middle position of the channel, with the indicated changes of the level of the water surface during the low-water period or more. On the profile of the rychka, you can also include signs, distance, uhili, gibini rychki, and bring. vysoti banks and in. Allows you to see the most folding for rafting dilyanka.

PUSCHA, thick, vigorous, often zapovidny lis. The term is to live in the European part of Russia, in Ukraine, in Bilorusia, Latvia.

P'yaniy LIS, lis with curved, heaped in one direction with stovbura trees. P'yani lisu power in the areas of widening zsuviv, mice with dips and subsiding to the ground (for example, the right bank of the middle current of the Volga, Pivdennyi bereg Krimu, Yakutia).

ramen, chornolіssya, thick smerekovі foxes on dry soil. The term is to be used as a leading rank on the Skhidno-European Rivnin.

Randcloft(From nim. Rand - edge and Kluft - gorges), the gap (trough) between the ice-hopper and the burned-out fire, so that it can become a result of the heat inflow into the drain (skel) and the drain of the talikh waters.

VITRATI WATER, obsyag vodi, scho flowing through the transverse flow (rychki, strumka) in one hour (m³ / s).

RECREATION RESOURCES(Rev. Lat. Recreatio - renewal), sukupnist natural resources, Vikoristovuvanih or potential residents for vicarians in yakosti dzherela satisfying the needs of the population in different types of vidpochinku.

Richkovi VALLEY, vityagnuty, zvivisti zvivisty destruction of the earth's surface from the back of the bed; approved by the head rank of the child's business. Razrіznyayut girskі rіchkovі valleys, how volodyut means. steepness with a small width (in some way they fill a canyon), uneven drops down the stream, and simple valleys, wide, with insignificant steepness of grabs, small jaws.

Richkovi terasi, horizontal or poorly nailed surfaces - maidan on the gravels of the rychkovy valleys, surrounded by ledges. Confirm the development and accumulation of activity of the little girl. Along the height above the bottom of the valley, the river terasi to move to the flooded and above the flooded areas. The number of supra-flooded terraces on the great rivers rises from 1-2 to 5 6; rakhunok teras yde from bottom to top. Richkovi terasi for the outbuilding of the tourist bivouac.

RIGEL(Нім. Riegel, literally. - sucking, pereshkoda), transverse skeletal pore at the bottom of the ice valley.

ROSA ВІТРІВ, graphical method of imaging the mode of windows in a given mission (call for the bagatory data) for a month, a season or a rock. It is a gurtok, in the middle of which the number of repetitions of calmness is set. Towards the center of the rim, promenades spread beyond the main points of the horizon. Dovzhina changes the proportional repetition of the given rumba. Kіntsі changes can be connected with direct lines.

Ropak, okrama kryzhina on the frozen sea, lakes, watersheds, so stand vertically in the middle of the ice.

SLEEVE ryki, in the course of the channel, to establish itself in times of hardened deposition of sediments (in the middle of the middle and the islands), as well as in the case of twisting.

RUSLO, The most lowered part of the river valley, as a result of the water flow during interflood periods. For the riverbed of the small rivers, the characteristic sleeves, the vine and the channel waters (mows, milini, reach and in.). The channels of the girskih rychok are thriving, including those that are important for the rafting.

ryam(Finno-Ugorsk.), Sfagnove peat bog, overgrown with low-growing coniferous fox or chagarnik. The term is used to live in the taiga and the lis-steppe of the Priurallya and the Western Siberia.

SAZ(Türk.), A boggy swamp, a meadow with ground waters. Termin to get used to the head rank in the mountainous regions of Central Asia.

Sai(Türk.), Name of gorges, yards and beams in Central Asia and Kazakhstan. Enter the warehouse of geographical names (for example, the village of Maili-Sai in Kyrgyzstan).

Santash, Santas, a strong skidny wind, which is located on the V. Issik-Kul ulovein from the same pass. Often є a leader of a trivial period of bad weather.

SARMA, 1) the lake is flooded, the roll, the brid, lower than the yakogo, start rocking the vir. Cich meanings of terms get used to the first meeting of the European part of Russia. 2) Strong pivnіchno-zadniy vіter type bori, scho dme from the Primorsky ridge on the lake. Baikal. Names for r. Sarma, close to the girl's neck, which is most likely to be spared.

sidlovini, lowering between the peaks of the Girsky ridge. Deyakі sіdlovini vikoristovuyut yak Perevalne shlyakh.

seisheni(Franz., Some seiche), standing khvili in small closed waters (inflows, coves, lakes). It is a kolyvannya of all mass of water without extending the profile of khvil on the surface. Seiches are recognized in full atmospheric vice, Water surges and surges.

Mud(From the Arab. Sayl - burhlivy potik), strong, moor, muddy or muddy-stone drip, raptose wine in the channels of girskih rychok as a result of a sudden flood, vicious with bright spills, or a great accumulation of foodstuffs. Zvvychay sposterіgaєtsya in the hirsky and foreground areas with a continental climate. It is characterized by a short short-term (1-3 hours) flow rate and pulsating roach when there is a supreme periodicity.

Selge(Fin. Selkä - back, ridge), the name of the ridgelike forms of relief (ozi, moraine ridges and іn.) In Karelia and Estonia. Stacked crystalline breeds or fluffy ice floes. Vidnosny vizoti - a few tens of meters, one up to 100 meters.

SERRAKI, Serakov (French, some sérac), crooked teeth and small peaks on the surface of ice falls, which can be asserted as a result of uneven tanning and collapse of crooked partitions between transverse grooves in the area of ​​icefalls.

SIPHON(From the Greek. Siphon - a tube, a pump) in speleology, the watered part of the pyre, de stele to go down below the level of the ground rivulet.

SHIL, stole a dilyanka of the earth's surface, zvychay between the bottom of the valley and the crest of the ridge or the top of the mountain. Sukupn_st schilіv, ob'єdnanih zalalny uhil, call themselves pokotivshis (for example, pivdenno-waning decline in B. Caucasus). They shirked straight, lumpy, bent and stubs (terasovani); due to the nature of the surface, they got rid of zalisneni, grassy, ​​osipny, skelny, snigov, firnov, lodov. Okremі vidi skhilіv are called mowing, slope. The tourist and alpine practice has been characterized by width, greatness and steepness. The steepness of the grapple is an important indicator, as to how to lay down the method of insurance and tactics for the grapple. The razrіznyayut fell flat (up to 20 °), medium steepness (up to 30 °), steep (up to 45 °) and even steep (up to 60 °). With a steepness of 60 ° they are called walls, with a small length (up to 40 m) - walls. For a collapse on a gentle slope, insurance, as a rule, is not necessary (vinyatok - zakriti lodoviki), if a tourist falls, it is easy to see a self-attracting person. Self-insurance is required on mid-steep grades, and insurance is also required, if self-grabbing may appear ineffective, for example, on ice, near the trek or skidding. On the steep skyla obov'yazkov, there is insurance; when rus, the whole arsenal of gear technology is used along even steep slopes, the insurance will call the railings. Walls and walls on tourist routes are even more rare; as a rule, the stench є ob'єkt alpinism and skeleton.

TORNADO, an atmospheric whirlwind, scho winikє in thunderstorms and broadens to the earth's surface. Maє viglyad stovpa with funnel-like extensions above and below; In the middle of the day, turn around against the old days with a speed of up to 100 m / s and immediately go along the spiral, drawing in from the bottom of the drink, water and small objects. Supravodzhutsya thunderstorm, plank, hail; bring great ruin.

ЗМІГ(English Smog, from smoke - dim і fog - fog), fog, waving to the strong obstructions of the ground spheres of the atmosphere at the great places and industrial centers. Smog buvaut decilkoh types: zmig in London type, dry Los Angeles type, smog Alaskan type. Intense and trivial zmіg can be the reason for the aggravation of chronic ailments of the organs of health and blood circulation.

Snow line, The snow cordon, the earth's surface, is a kind of accumulation of solid atmospheric debris that is fermented over all the tannins and vapors. In Antarctica, it is located on the rivni seas, in the Caucasus - at a height of 3500-3700 m, on the ancient graves of Altai - at a height of 4800 m.

Зігрій, 1) waterlogged foils (from the yalini, pine, birch, willows, from the house of chagarniks) on the waters of the taiga zone of the Western European Rivne and Western Siberia. 2) Kochkarnikovye swamps in taizi and tundra.

SOPKA, the name pagorbіv і gіr with a rounded summit in Kazakhstanі, Transbaikalі and on Dalekiy Skhodі. On Kamchatka and Kuril Islands, volcanoes are called hills, in Crimea and in the Caucasus - mud volcanoes.

speleologists(From greek. Spélaion - pecher і lógos - word, vchennya), knowledge, how to take care of vivchennya pechery - іkh hikes, morphology, microclimates, waters, organic light (including speleofauna)

average, mid-mountain relief, a type of mountain relief (absolute height up to 3000 m), which is characterized by smooth peaks of mountain ridges, very gently sloping grasses, dylyanks on top of virivnyuvannya (for example, Carpathian, Pivdenny Ural).

stalagmy(View of the Greek. Stálagma - speck), naturally-drip light at the sight of the cones, stopping, etc., which go from the bottom of the furnace. Confirmed as a result of being caught in the siege of a vaping speech, and seeing from the fallen specks.

stalagnati, stalactones, natі-droplet illumination at the viglyadі columns, which are set in the furnaces with the grown stalactites and stalagmіtіv.

stalactites(From the Greek. Stalaktós - natik on dots), naturally-dribbled lights at the viewers of the drills, pipes, combs, sound from the stele and upper parts of the stove. You can see the result of the fallout in the siege of the vaping speech, you can see it from the drips, you can hang on the stele and on the walls. There are gipsoons and salt stalactites, so you can pretend to be a vaping drink.

old lady, see Bend.

elfin wood, slanik, roslinny ugrupovannya, which are stored from shale on the ground, low-growing forms of trees and chagarniks (yalina, modrina, cedar, beech, birch, yalіvets and іn.), so they make up thick, some important issues. Live in the tundra, lisotundra, on the coast of the sea.

STOPPY, Visoki vidokremleni skeli (at the viglyadi teeth, heads, vezh and іn.). The term is used to live in the Urals and in Siberia (for example, Krasnoyarski S., Lenskie S.).

Haircut RICHKI, the line of the most popular trends of the river. Call me to roztashovuuut in the middle, ale before the flowing ice, islands and bends of the channel approach now to one, now to the іnshy coast.

Subalpine belt, the high altitude belt in the good and quiet mountains of the subtropical latitudes. Rosetting below the Alpine belt. In the boundaries of the subalpine belt, there are zvychayny golі skelі, osip, on the more gently sloping grasses - the forms of the permafrost relief. Characteristics of high-quality subalpine bows, chagarnikovs of alcohol production; crooked. In the mountains of Transbaikal and Skhidny Siberia, there is a place of the subalpine belt, the subalpine belt is characterized by the characteristic dripping woods and redwoods, overgrowths of chagarniks and dwarf cedar.

Subarctic belt, subarctic, natural belt of Pivnichnoe pivkuli with arctic belt in the north and in the middle belt in south. Roztashovany from 60-65 ° N lat. in the south up to 67-73 ° mon. lat. in the north, Klimat is cold (average temperatures on the continents and islands from -5 to -40 ° C, lime from 5 ° to 12 ° C); felling 300-500 mm in rik. The widening of the permafrost is permafrost and the permafrost forms the relfu with it; swampiness is strong. There are tundra and lisotundri zones near the warehouse of the subarctic belt.

Subtropical belt, subtropics, natural belts of winter and winter is located between 30 ° and 40 ° of winter and winter latitude, between the middle and tropical belts. from pomirny belt are seen in a cyclical vegetation, as a tropical one - in a variety of seasonal variations. It is a subtropical climate, mid-thousand temperatures are positive everywhere (from 4 to 20 ° C and more). Outside the part of the subtropical belt, it is sometimes derived from the nature of the problem. At the border of the subtropical belt, there are a number of natural zones: subtropical green leaves and chagarniks, subtropical monsoon forests, forest-steppe zones, subtropical steppes, subtropical Subtropics occupy small territories across the Pivdenny Birch Crimea, Chornomorsk uzberezhzh Caucasus, in the Skhidny Transcaucasia and in the South of the Middle Asia.

Sirte(Türk. Vododil - pidnesennya, pagorb), 1) wide, divided by beams of the temple in the Trans-Volga and Pivdenny Cis-Urals. 2) Hvilyasti, poorly divided villages in the Tien Shan and in Skhidny Pamir. The term "Sirt" is included in the geographic name (for example, Zagalny Sirt, Aksayskiy Sirt).

takiri(Türk. Takir - smooth, rivniy, goliy), flat clayey, lowering of the relief, even more relieved of the lineness, in the clearing and nap_pustels. Sheds zzvyyuyut to fill up with water. Expanded by the head rank in Central Asia, Kazakhstan.

Trishchyna lodoviks, vertical or abducted by deformities in lodoviks, vicious by deformations of ice in the process of its ruin. Rise of tiers of later, transverse, radial and bichni. Tricycles emerge over the ridges of the bed of the ice, on the places of its expansion, when the ice spreads (for example, at the end of the ice) or skeletal ledges (crossbars) at the bottom of the valley. Bichni trischini set up along the edges of the ice hockey player, the dehumidification of the ice flow and the new age, the same, and the plasticity, less, and rubbing the ice over the bed is more, lower in the middle part of the ice hockey player; such tricycles, as a rule, are straightened up the hill behind the flow of ice at the edge of 30-45 ° and sound up to the axis of the ice. Radial trischini z'yavlyayutsya zzvychay on the edge of the ice, on yogo viginas, especially at sharp turns; straightened along the radius of the bend, widened along the axis of the bend to the last edge of the iceberg. When you change the relief of the bed of the ice hockey player, and if you cross the trough, you can get stuck on the surface of the ice. The depth of troughs can reach up to 100 and more m (in the fallow area from the land of ice), however, from the distance from the surface, the plasticity of ice grows and the troughs begin to freeze at a level of 30-40 m.
Trinchs will be seen (visible, clear) and closed (entered by a snig). The appearance of thrusts, especially zakryshih, slowed down on ice, rob him is not safe. Vuzki trishchini to cross, to re-brace or to re-pair; wide - to bypass, finish, descend to the bottom and go to the opposite edge, or for an additional motuzian ferry. Quite often in jokes the passage through the thrusts is brought to the development of the peretinati lodovik. Collapsing on ice with closed gorges is permissible only in zv'yazts. The zone of the most effective approval of the trishcines is based on the viginas of the icebreaker. Zakriti trash can be seen on vuzka smuggle more light or dark snig (not a trail with boroshennya, scho nagaduyut cartoplane beds); such smogs are kindly nearby, but I will quite easily lay down the route along the ice. It is not safe to walk on the ice in the dark, fog, during the growing light and during the snowfall, since all the calling signs of tremors are not vague and unimportant. In the midst of the fall, probe with an ice ax, an alpenstock, or a mace along the way.

Trog (nim. Trog, lit. - korito), polonyna, chipped off in a valley ice-dweller. V transverse overriding I have a U-like shape with a wide, gently concave bottom and steep walls with a bulging hump, which opens the slope of the majdanchik - the shoulder of the trough.

TUGAY(Türk.), Flooded forest along the rychok valleys in Middle and Central Asia, Kazakhstan.

go away, The temporal bone is twisted with a flat or slightly convex top and gently sloping grafts without clearly turning downward. The usual height is a few dozen m, sometimes 150-200 m. The term "Uval" should be entered until the name of the geographic name (for example, the name of the term "Uval").

Uzboy, 1) a dry river bed with an episodic spiteful runoff or no runoff in the empty areas of Central Asia. 2) Relektova river valley, which has been saved from the greater ages, or the old river bed, which changed its current.

I kidnapped the little girls, weekends of the little market on any day until the day of the day of the day. Bend in m / km (very large for a tourist), vidsotkah, promil. On tourist vessels, it is possible to raft along the rivals from the middle of the rafting raft up to 15 m / km and by the tips of the local rafts up to 30 m / km.

ULAN(Vid Mong. Ulan - chervoniy), a strong backward wind, scho dme vid Boomskoe (Ulansky) gorge towards the lake. Issik-Kul.

POMIRNI BELTS, natural belts of the winter and winter events. Roztashovani mіzh subarctic і sub tropical belts Pivdennaya pivkuli (from 65 to 40 ° N) and between the subantarctic and subtropical belts of the Pivdennaya pivkul (from 58 to 42 ° N). Characteristic is the readability of the seasonality of the thermal regime with the trivial winter period. In the middle zones (especially in Pivnichniy pivkul) there are widening zones of ocean meadows, lisovs, lisostepovs, steppes, like willows and willows.

HURRICANE(Franz. Ouragan), winter force (speed of 30 m / s) and significant triviality (at the bottom of a squall) - up to decile dibs, often accompanied by angry, thunderstorms and ruined.

Urizu vodi, the line of overflowing the water surface from the surface of the land; whichever position the urge of the water is located and the level of the water in the given point. Urizi vkazuyutsya on topographic maps and timed to the mouth of the tributary, settlements.

URYOMA(Türk.), Vologolyubna, with a very high degree of lineness on the floats and low terraces of the riverside rivers. To live in the boundaries of the steppe and forest-steppe zones. Near the taiga zone of Western Siberia, the uremia is sphagnum forest bogs.

Urman(Türk.), The name of dense taiga foxes is the head rank in Siberia and the Urals.

TUTORIAL, in a wide sense - dilyanka of mists, vidminny vid quietly, how to feel the dilyanka as natural signs (a swamp or a meadow in the middle of a forest, a forest in the middle of a field, a stained forest, a boggy valley).

Ustya, the place where the rychka falls into the sea, lake, water reservoir or іnshu river. The girl is characterized by a foldable multiplicity of current flows, wickedness by tides and surges, surges and surges, increased vitratic water and from the hour of the day.

GORGE, narrow, vuzka gliboka steep valley, even in the mountains. I have a V-shaped shape, sometimes they hang over the bottom, they grabbed a depth of dozens of dozens or hundreds of meters, and only 1 km.

FAIRWAY(Goll. Vaarwater, from varen - ruhatyya, float and water - water), 1) line the highest glybin in the mainstream of the river, the most friendly for sailing ships. 2) Safe in navigational travel through the expanse of water, which is indicated by buoys, buoys, leading signs.

FONG(Нім. Föhn, in Latin. Favonius - warm western. Віter), strong porous vіter, scho dme z gir in the valley. Changes in temperature and lightness can be significant and sharp, so you can accelerate the temperature and avalanches in the mountains. Zazvychay fen trivaє less dobi. Sponsor on the Caucasus and Pamiri.

FIRN(Нім. Firn іd ancient-upper. Firni - torіshnіy, old), grainy ice, which is stacked with knitted grains between themselves; є a transitional stage between a snow and ice ice. Establishment in the mountainous regions of the snow line and in the polar lands, de atmospheric fall off, but it is important for people to see it and for a little while they do not get roasted.

FRONT ATMOSPHERNE(From Latin Frons, genus frontis - forehead, front side), a transitional zone (a few dozen kilometers wide) between two masses with different physical powers. Walking through the front will take a look at the weather (including the victories of squalls, hurricanes, angry, etc.).

khachkar(Arm. Khachkar - cross-stone), the middle-of-the-century monuments - vertically placed stone plates (height 0.5 - 3 m), cover the ornamental designs from the images of the cross in the center.

CYCLONE(From the Greek. Kyklon - whirling, scho to wrap), an area of ​​lowered grip in the atmosphere with a minimum in the center. The majority of cyclones are established in the lower and polar latitudes, from 1000 to 3000 km in diameter. Cyclones are resumed over the course of the approach to the atmospheric fronts at a speed of 30-40 km / year (at least 80 km / year). The triviality of a cyclone from decile days is up to 2 days. The weather during cyclones is overwhelming with strong weather.

Chorne, 1) black taiga - thick and thin foxes on the grains of the mountains of Pivdenny Siberia and on the kindly drained lands of the rivnines of Zakhid Siberia. 2) Black forest - thick leafy leaves, which can be thrown off the leaves for the winter (as a result of which the leaves are black), in the South of the European Rivne.

Chink, rank (Turkic), the name of a small ledge, broadened by the head rank in Kazakhstan and in the west of Serednyaya Asia.

BALL(In the word komi - ducts), part of the name of the deyaky channels in the seas of the Pivnichny Ice Ocean, as well as the rychok channel, which flows into the sea (for example, great Kulya- ducts Oniseyu, Matochkin Shar duct).

shivera, It is very thin (up to 1.5-2 m), a small river with waterlessly growing in the riverbed and flowing from the water with stones and a sharp leak. The length of the rift ranges from decil dozen m to decilk km. Through the high speed of the current in the rift, there are scythes and straight lines, standing streams, vortex streams, water (barrels) behind the stones. On the doorstep from the thresholds of Shiveri, there are no strained ills. Lit the local, it is nasty to quilted the last, that it is important to see the line of the overflowing water (stream). The main folding when passing the cross is due to the trajectory of the vessel. Come in safe - rozvіdka, vibіr mooring, insurance from the water and the coast.

Sheehan, the name of a single pagorba in the Volga region, Western Kazakhstani; in Pereduralli Shikhan - the remnants of the vapnyak massifs; in the Urals Shikhani there are skeletons of the tops of the gir.

SQUALL(In English Squall), a strong parting wind (over 30 m / s), which is supervised by a snake straight, a thunderstorm and an angry one. The triviality of a flurry of hilin. Call the winery when the cold front line passes through the cyclones of mid-latitudes.

SHOR, Smittya (Türk.), Solinnya, a dry, dry, salty lake. The term of extensions in Central Asia, Kazakhstan, Shidny Transcaucasia, is included in the geographical names (for example, Atansor, Balpashsor lakes).

CALM(Goll. Still), good weather abo weak wind, The fluidity is not more than 0.5 m / s. In the valleys and in the valleys, there are some wineries, but not in the open spaces.

shahrayam(Swedish., Some skär), small, overwhelmingly skeletal islands, not high, complexly dissected shores of seas and lakes. Broadened by the head rank in the areas of the Pleistocene glaciation.

cheeks, Visoki skelyasti, curved banks of the rychka, sharply sound the channel from the bistrini's statements. The length of the field is within the range of tens of kilometers. There are often rapids and shivers in the borderlines, which complicate navigation. There are shale canyons - shocks in the Skhidnoye Caucasus (pools of Andiyskoe Koisu and Avarske Koisu), shooks of Tuvinian rivers Maliy Onisey (Ka-Khem) and Kizil-Khem in comrade basalts, canyonites in granites in Bila in the Western Caucasus.

ECOLOGIA(Vid greek Óikos - zhitlo, mіsceperebuvannya і lógos - word, vchennya), the science of interaction between organisms navkolishnіm middle... At 20 centuries in conjunction with dedal, a strong inflow of people into nature ecology nabula of special significance yak scientific basis rational nature conservation and protection of living organisms.

EXPOSITION SCHILIV(From the Latin. Expositio - showing off), the organization of scholars, the development of schilia, valleys and other forms of relfu according to the history of the country (for example, pivnichna, pіvedenna, seizure)

Yayla(Turk.), Lіtnі pasovishcha on the plateau-like summit surfaces of the Krimskih gіr.

YR(Türk.), Viskiy steep bank of the rychka, tune with a stream. At the yar of roztashovanі dіlyanka of the greatest gibins and liquidities of the current of the river, as well as wrakhovuvati when rafting on tourist ships.

absolute height- the height of a point on the earth's surface above the ocean.

Azimuth - kut mіzh directly on pіvnіch and directly on the subject.

Icebergs, krizhany gory- the great ulamki of the mainland ice, which swim in the ocean.

artesian water- for example, between layers of water.

archipelago- a group of islands in the oceans or seas, which, however, may not be far from one to another.

Atoll- a coral island of a ring-like form with a rosette in the middle of a small water pool.

Richki pool, Richkovy pool- Territory, with a small river taking water.

Free lakes - lakes, which do not disturb the river runoff. Do not take an ear of rychka from such lakes.

internal seas- seas, which gliboko cut into the land; z'єdnuyutsya by the ocean, or lay down the sea with channels.

waterfall- the fall of the water from the ledge, which is in the channel of the rivulet.

vododil- between the pools and the richok.

watersheds - piece lakes on the rivers, the gate of the buoyancy rowing.

lead land- the water of the river, lakes, bolt, ice and water at the upper part earth measles... Are located on the surface and underground.

Pagorby- rural areas of land, which can be expanded at absolute heights from 200 to 500 m.

sinkholes- closed doors of land, roztashovani at the bottom of the sea.

volcanism- Sukupn_st of the processes, tied with the magmas in the supply of earthly measles, or by entering the earth's surface.

Volcano lakes, crater lake- lakes in the craters of volcanoes.

volcanoes- burn, as it is established when the Earth is raised from above the earth and on the surface of magma and other volcanic products.

vivitryuvannya- mechanical and cheeky change of girly breeds on the earth's surface, or even closer to the flowing temperature, food, water and organisms. Buva physical, chemical and biological.

Geyser- periodically fountain hotter dzherelo.

geograficheskaya dvhota- be seen in degrees from the cob meridian to the west, or skid to this point. Buvah is ancient and ancient.

Geographic map- the change, the image of the earth's surface on the area behind the aid of the clever signs.

geographic latitude- be displayed in degrees from the point of view to the point. Buva pivnichniy and pivdenniy.

Geographic poles- points of overflow of the obvious earth axis from the surface earthly coo.

Geography- the science about the natural mind of the earth's surface (physical geography), the population of the Earth and the state's power (economic geography).

hydrosphere- the water shell of the Earth. The main warehouses are the Svitovy ocean and water and land.

glibokovodnі zholobi- Dovgі vuzki lowering the bottom of the ocean with the depths of the depths of 6000 m.

horizontal- lines on the map, which connect the points with the same absolute height.

Girska kraina, gory- a great dilyanka of the earth's surface, which rises above the ditch of the sea, up to 500 m and is characterized by significant and sparse kolivannyms at the somewhat short sides. For the absolute height, low, middle and high mountains.

girski lodoviki- icemen in the mountains; may be in a versatile form.

Girski breed- natural minerals establishment, from which the earth's crust is formed. They are magmatic, sedimentary and metamorphic.

girski rychki- Richki girskih krayny with vuzky skeletal valleys and a fast flow.

degree grid- a grid of parallels and meridians on globes and maps.

Ground water- underground water from the surface of the stationary aquifer, but not overlapping from the top with a suction water-impermeable ball.

Delta- the arm of the little girl at the viglyad of the tricycle. Call yourself to establish yourself on the shallow waters of the sea or the lake at the bottom of the river, as it carries a great number of sediments.

Valley girski lodoviki- ice dwellers in the mountains, mulling the shape at the viglyadі of the kryzhany streams, scho collapsing from the regions of the harvest along the meadows down.

mouth of a volcano- a channel through yaky magma vivergaєt to the surface of the Earth.

Zabrudneniya navkolishny middle- the change of power in the midst of the midst as a result of the anthropogenic (established by people) hopeful rhymes.

The bay- a part of the ocean or the sea, to reach the land, ale there is a great exchange of water from a part of the water space and weakly see through it for natural minds.

Dam lakes, platinum lakes- lakes, scho winnished as a result of perekrittya, zagati, zakharaschennya girskikh valleys by landslide, lava flow, lodovik or yogo vidladenny.

earthworms- Rise of the earth's surface.

Crust- the upper hard kamyana shell of the Earth.

isobati- lines on the map, which connect the points of the same depths of the bottom of oceans, seas and lakes.

piece lakes- lakes, trunks of people (rates, water reserves).

Vitik Richki- a small ear of a rychka.

Dzherelo, dzherelo, key- natural approach to the earth's surface of underground waters.

karst- the prevalence of processes connected with the design of the surface and underground waters of the mountainous rocks.

karst lakes- lakes, which have come to fruition as a result of water breakdown of vapnyaks, hips, dolomites.

Columbus Rocks of Earth Measles- Increased increase and decrease in earth measles.

crater- a bowl-shaped sinking at the tops of the volcano, or on the yoke, volcanic products (magma, gases, etc.) flow through the yake.

lava- magma, the yaka wagged on the earth's surface.

legend carti- Sukupn_st of victors on the cards of witnesses with explanations.

ice man- Naturally buying up ice on the earth's surface, as volodya as an independent roach.

ice lakes- lakes, approved by icemen.

lithosphere- the upper shell of the Earth, which will hunt the earth's crust and the upper part of the mantle.

ocean bed- the oceanic bottom of the earth's crust is of the oceanic type.

Magma- molten vognyana masa, yak filled with vapors and gases. To pretend to be in the nadra of the Earth.

Mantia of the Earth - the earthly shell, roasted between the earth's crust and the core of the earth.

scale- presentation of the line on the chair, plan or card until the end of the line on the seat.

Continents, continents- great dilyanki of land, otocheny from each side or more from each side by oceans and seas.

Materikova milina, shelf- low-water low-water milky water worm up to 200 meters of water.

mainland grabbed- a part of the bottom of the Svitovoy ocean, rostasovana between the shelf and the ocean bed at depths of 200 to 2500-3000 m.

low water- the period from the most low, stable level of water in the river. Buva summer and winter.

mіzhplastovі vodi- underground waters, which fill them with water-bearing layers.

meridiani- lines on globes and maps, cleverly drawn on the surface of the Earth and to bring the poles together.

Svitovy ocean- all the water space of the earth is a dry break.

Monitoring - caution and control over the camp of the natural middle ground, її about all components and їх people.

sea- a part of the ocean, separated by land and submarine rise from the part of the water to the ocean and my own natural mind.

Moraine- hard ulamkovy material, which can be carried and put in ice.

Sea currents, ocean currents- horizontally displacement of water masses in the oceans and seas at the sight of the majestic streams, which collapse along the singing paths.

povin- flooding by water of micevost, rostashovanoi in the river valley and the flood.

nagir'ya- a large part of the Girskaya land beyond the area, yak includes yak girski ridges, as well as dilyanki of flatlands.

bottom- Plain with an absolute height up to 200 m.

yari- gliboki viboiny (ditch) with steep grapples, approved by time-consuming water streams - angry and talim waters.

Lake- natural landlocked enclosures, filled with water. Razr_znyayayutsya for the hiking trails of lakes, flowing and salinity.

oceans- great parts of the Svitovoy ocean, led by the continents.

outskirts of the sea- the seas, which do not go deeply into the land, are widely tied to the ocean and from the sea to the islands, from the east and from the sea.

zsuvi- ruin, bringing down the mass of girskikh breeds on steep grapples pid injected heavily.

Orієntuvannya on mіscevostі- the value of their position according to the relationship to the horizon and the objects of the world.

Islands- small, in the case of continents, dilyanki of land, from their sides, soaked with water. For hiking they are continental, volcanic and coral.

Height adjustments and glybin- numbers on the maps and plans of maneuvers, showing the absolute height of the land and the depths of the oceans, seas, lakes.

Good height - transposition of one point of the earth's surface over the one.

flood- nimble, ale korotkochasny pidyom rivnya vodi in rіchtsі.

parallels- lines, cleverly carried out on the surface of the Earth parallel to the adequate one.

tumbleweed- milky waters of the river bed.

isthmus- admittedly vuzka smuga land in the water space. There will be one more food for sushi.

kharchuvannya richok- a reliable guide to the rivers. Razrіznyayut board, lodovikov, underground and zmіshane harvesting richok.

plan of mission- a change in the clearer image of a small piece of the earth's surface on an armchair, crumbling in a singing scale.

reach- large parts of the river channel between larger and smaller ones.

flat - Great Rivninna Dilyanka of Sushi with an absolute height of 500 m.

surface water- drive, carried by streams and streams, soil in lakes, water reservoirs, swamps and ice lakes.

On the outskirts of the continents- a part of the bottom of the oceans, which includes the mainland milina and seized.

Underground water- drive, to be found in the pores, voids and thrusts of mountain rocks near the upper part of the earth's measles (up to the glibini 12-16 km).

float- the part of the river valley is lowered, flooded with water before the hour of the war.

Lodoviki, mainland lodoviki- ice dwellers in viglyadi domes or shields, which cover the surface of the land, right out of the relief.

Korisny kopalini, mineral resources - natural minerals establishment in the earth's crust, which looks like and vicarious becomes human.

povin- high and trivial for the water flow in the river, for the suprajugation of the flooded heat.

columnar- non-freezing boxes of the box will be charged.

p_vostr_v - dilyanka sushi, where you go into the water space, from three sides of the water.

rapids- milky water stones or skeletons of a dilyanka in the bed of a rivulet with a fast flow. Confirm in the result of the appearance of solid girsky breeds.

lakes- lakes, together with the composition of salts in less than 1 g per liter of water.

Creep up and down- periodic fall and fall of the water level in the oceans and seas. Victory by the forces of hard Mysyats and Sonts.

strait- there is a lot of water space for the vuzke, and there is a lot of land and water in the vicinity of a part of the Svitovoy ocean.

rates- a small piece lake in the valleys of the rivers, yar, gullies and in the lower levels of the relief, as it was approved by the way of the well-being of the rowing or the vicopuvannya of the foundation pit.

pivnini- great dilyanki of land and oceanic bottom with occasionally small rags of different heights. Behind the nature of the surface, they are flat and humpbacked, in absolute height they are represented by lowlands, moorings and flat mountains.

Rivninni Richki- small rivers with wide river valleys and smooth, quiet breaks.

The mode of the river - the change of the standard of the river in hours (change of the level of water, fluidity of the leak, temperature of the water, etc.). You can see it before the hour of the day, low water, floods.

rychka- natural water flow, which flows continuously one at a time and the same.

Reclamation of lands - renewal of lands, destroyed by the state of the nation.

relief- the supremacy of the unevenness of the earth's surface.

river valley- later on, reduce the turn of the turns to the hand, or not change the turn.

richkov system- rychka at once with its tributaries.

river valleys- іvnini, approved by іchkovy attachments.

River bed- drowning in the rychkovy valley, along which the water flows.

Snigov border (line)- Absolutely visota vyshche vipadannya snigu perevischu yogo tanennya. Snow accumulates and transforms into ice. On the snow cordon, you can see the style, the glass can be roasted.

salinity of water- a quantity of all salts in grams, which can be taken in 1 liter. For 1 kg of water.

Salt lakes, mineral lakes- lakes with more than 24 g of broken rivers in liters of water.

salt lakes- lakes, in which salts differ from 1 to 24 g per liter of water.

Mid-ocean ridges- tied girders on the bottom of the Svitovoy ocean with volcanism and earthlings.

old women- lakes in the old river beds, rychok, sickle-shaped lakes.

stationary lakes- lakes, where there is a rychkovy stick. From them take an ear of a rychka.

tectonic lakes- the lakes, which were established as a result of the rubble of earthly measles, descending along the troughs or the depression.

A waste heap is a cone-like vidval of an empty breed of close-to-head vyroboks (for example, vugilny mines).

Girlo rychki- the place where the rychka falls into the іnshu rychka, a lake or a sea.

Gorge- vuzka і gliboka polonyna with steep grapples.

tsunami- great sea hvili, which win as a result of strained sub-water earthlings, inodi - sub-water verges of volcanoes.

Part of the light- continents or parts of the island.

Height scale і glybin - Colorado scale on physical maps and globes, with the help of which they start from the sky and the glibini.

Equator - line on globes and maps, cleverly carried out on the surface of the earth at the same time from the geographic poles.

core of the Earth- the central part of the Earth, roasted in the lower part of the mantle.

	Entry	…………….
	SCHO VIVCHAN geography Vivchennia of the earth's surface in ancient times and in the middle century Epoch of Great Geographical Vidkritiv. Geography of the New Hour happy geography Rozdil 1. Images of the Earth's surface on the plan mіscevostі, globes and maps Topic 1. Plan of performance Orієntuvannya on mіscevostі Vimіryuvannya vіdstance on mіstsevostі plan of mission The scale of the plans Folding of the schematic plan of the design Absolute and versatile Rendering a relief by horizontals Topic 2. Geographic map Features of the image of the Earth on the globe Geographic map Parallels and Meridians. degree grid Geographic coordinates View to the plan of the world from the geographical picture. Values ​​of cards. Zagalnyuche repetition of the section "Images of the surface of the Earth on the planes of the world, globes and maps" Rozdil 2. Natural minds of the earth's surface. Topic 3. Lithosphere and Relief of the Earth The interior of Budova Earth Breed, how to store the earth's crust. Most vertical and horizontal ruffs earth measles Earthlings yak short-hour ruku earth measles Gori, girski lands and nagir'ya Protection of earthly overthrow and land surface Zagalnyuche repetition on the theme "Lithosphere and Relief of the Earth" Topic 4. Hydrosphere. Svitovy ocean. Understanding the hydrosphere Dry land in the ocean. Continents. Islands and p_vostrov. Seas, streams, channels. Relief of the bottom of the Svitovoy ocean Salinity and temperature of the waters of the Holy Ocean Chvili in the oceans and seas Ocean currents and tidal phenomena roslinny i tvarinny svit ocean and sea Significance of the Holy Ocean in the life of people. Protection of ocean waters Vivchennya Svitovoy ocean Topic 5. lead land Underground water. dzherela The nature of the flow richok Harchuvannya i mode richok Robot flowing water Static and dry lakes, pristine and salty lakes Protection of land waters Uzagalnyuche repetition on the theme "Vodi sushi" SUPPLEMENTS	………….…………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………. ………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………. ……………. ……………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………. ………………………………………. …………………………………………………….. …………….. …………….

A short wordbook of geographic terms and understand

absolute height(In Latin absolut- insane, non-encircling) - the height, which is calculated from the ocean. The absolute height of the points that lie down is positive (+), the points that lie lower is negative (-). In our land, the absolute value is calculated from the Baltic Sea region.

absolute maximum- the most suitable meteorological indicator (temperature, moisture content and іn.).

absolute minimum- the lowest meteorological indicator (temperature, moisture content and іn.).

Azimuth(in Arabic as-sumut - straight, path) - kut right across the meridian at the point of the sposter and directly from the given point on a certain object. Read for the year's arrow from 0 to 360.

Iceberg(In Swedish ice- ice, berg- mountain) - majestic shaved the ice, so it floated in the oceans and seas. Establish itself from the edge of the mainland ice in the polar regions, neohain in the sea.

antarctic belt - geographic zone, Rosetting around the Pivdenny Pole. It also includes Antarctica, the islands of the mainland and the northern parts of the oceans.

Arasan- Mineral or it was warmer.

Arctic belt- geographic zone on the most pivnichi earthly kul. It will take off from the Pivnichniy Pole approximately until Mon.

artesian water- (called the French provinces of Artois, in Latin - Artesia) - an underground water and an aquifer, which is located under a vice between water reservoirs.

asteroids(Po - walnuts asteroides- starlike) - small planets sleep system It is found, in the main, between Mars and Jupiter.

atmosphere(Po - walnuts atmos-steam, sphere-kulya) - a twisting ball, I will drain the earth's kul. Wrap around the Earth at once.

Atmospheric vice- a vice, which is repaired by the whole atmosphere on the surface of the Earth.

Atmospheric fall - atmospheric vologa, scho to come to the surface of the Earth in a solid and raw camp, hail, croup. I see dew, іній, mryaka on the earth's surface.

Beam- yar, the bottom of a zupinka of his own growth, was grabbed at the bottom of the line.

barometer- (in walnut Baros- severity, meter- world) - an attachment for vimiruvannya vise.

Barkhan- the food of the pagorb at the sickle viglyad, or pivmisyatsya, to settle in the empty space under the pouring wind.

Richki pool- a dilenka of the earth's surface, from which all the water flows into the river.

Bergstrich- a short line on the horizontals, yak vkazu right across the slope.

Coast- vuzka smuha on the border of land and water basin (sea, lake, water reservoir, rivulet), constantly washed by water.

biosphere(Walnuts bio-life, sphere -kul) - the shell of the Earth, inhabited and reinvented by living organisms.

biocenosis(Walnuts bio-life, cenosis- zagalny) - sukupn_st roslin and tvarin, which occupy the territory with one-year natural minds.

swamp- perevolozheniye dilyanka sushi, scho there is a ball of peat and thickets, especially in the loving willows.

vegetation period(In Latin vegetation- awakening, growing) - the period of growth and development of the growth. In the period between the last spring and first frosts.

viter- turn over the surface of the Earth in a horizontal straight line. Vinikak through the growth of the atmospheric vice.

Permafrost, heavy permafrost- a globe of earthly measles, de the temperature is lower.

Newsletter- number of water bets in the afternoon. The development of the absolute and unquestionable value.

waterfall- the fall of the river led down from the high ledge.

Vodorozdel- is the place where the pool is filled with water, so that the water flows along two opposite straits, scabs.

temporal- a dilenka of the earth's surface, making it easy to adjoin the territory. The absolute height is from 200 to 500 m.

povitryana masa- a large part of the troposphere, overwhelming powers(Temperature, viscosity, insight, etc.).

vivitryuvannya- the ruining of girskih sorts of fluids in the flow of temperature, in the flow of the atmosphere, water and living organisms.

waist belt- one of the natural complex, which can be seen in the mountains by elevation.

Geyser(In Icelandic Gaze- hlinyuti) - dzherelo, periodically wikidah fountain of hot water and bet.

Geography(In -Gretska geo-Earth, grapho- I am writing) is a science, which is the principle of expanding natural and suspicious manifestations on the Earth.

geographic zone- latitudinal smog, the yak characterizes the spilism climatic minds, Ground and dewline cover, tvarinny light; part of the geographic zone.

Geographic map(Po - walnuts map- sheet abo suvіy papіrusu for writing) - changes beyond the singular scale and shown by mental signs of the image of the earth's surface on the area.

Geographic coordinates - (Latin before- at once, ordinatus- orderings) - The value of the position of the point on the surface of the Earth. It is located in geographic latitudes and cities.

Geographic poles(Walnut and Latin pole- vіs) - points overflowing the earth's axis with the earth's surface.

geographic zone- great zonal unit geographic envelope... Characterized by the quality of thermal minds.

Hygrometer(Walnut-like gigros- vologii, meter- vimіryuvati) - an adjuster for vimіryuvannya vologostі.

hydrosphere(Po - walnuts hydro- water, sphere- kulya) - the water shell of the Earth.

Globe ( in Latin globe- kulya) - the model of the earthly kul is changed for the singing scale.

horizontal(Walnut-like obriy. sky edge- razmezhovuє) - lіnії, scho z'єdnuyut on the map points with the same absolute heights.

Girski breed- the purchase of natural devices of the earth's crust. Development of magmatic, sedimentation and metamorphic girski breed.

girski ridges- knitted girski dilyanki, emerged from one arcs with opposing grapples.

burn- dilyanki of the earth's surface with steep grapples, high above the plains. Rise of low, middle and high mountains.

degree grid(Latin degree- croc, step, step) - a grid on a map and a globe when the meridians and parallels are drawn through the singular degree.

Hrynvich Meridian- a cob (zero) meridian, from which there are rakhunok dovgoths on Earth. Pass through the Grinvich Astronomical Observatory, which is located in front of London near Great Britain.

Greenwich mean hour- middle sleepy hour Greenwich Meridian.

Delta- one of the special types of rychka handles. Confirm as a result of a missed flow of water and pumps on small waterways of rivers, seas and lakes.

Demographics- (in walnut demos- people, grapho- I write) - the science of the number of people, their warehouses, growing and ing.

demographic policy- Sukupn_st of visits, which are carried out by the state in order to order the growth of the population.

demographic vzryv- growth of population size.

Valley- dovga drowning with a flat bottom. Richkovi and polonini.

dunes- the name of the forms of buying a squeak, which are opened in the morning on Uzbek rivers, lakes, seas.

jolob- gliboke dovga vuzka lowering the bottom of the ocean.

The bay- a part of the ocean, sea, lake, extending to the land.

frosts- a decrease in temperature is lower at a constant positive average good temperature.

earthquake- subterranean pockets with the collisional ruffs of the earth's surface, which can be found in the replacement and disruption of the earth's measles or the upper part of the mantle.

Crust- the surface is a solid shell of the Earth, the main part of the lithosphere.

zoogeography- a science, which until after the laws of expansion of creatures on the earth's surface. One of the halls of physical geography.

pamoroz- found snow-like crystals of ice, which deposit charge in frosty nights on trees, darts and other objects from the side of the door.

іній- a blue crystal ball, to pretend to be insensitive osennyu nich and charging, sometimes during the day, on the surface of the ground, on grass and small objects at low temperatures in the normal temperature of the day.

Vaporization and vaporization. Viparovannya - transition from a native camp to a gas-like one, i.e., in steam, and its expansion into the atmosphere. Evaporation - the possibility of vaporization in case of not interleaving a number of water jellies.

condensation- (Latin condensation- crushing, thickening) - transfer of the speech from the gas-like mill in the river or solid.

crater- a bowl-shaped or funnel-shaped sinking at the tops of the volcano.

lava(View of the Italian lava- wilivati) - a fiery-thick mass that waggles on the surface of the Earth when the volcano rises, in other words, magma, gas is released, sent to the surface of the Earth.

ice man- Rukhoma bought ice, which can be used for trivial accumulation on land.

Iceland's zone- the natural zone of the polar regions of the earth, tsiliy rik covered with snow and ice.

lisovy zones- natural zones, which can be seen in all belts between and Equatorial belts... The main place is occupied by foxes.

lisstepovi zones- natural zones de lisy beguiled from the steppes. Expanded in the wide and subtropical zones.

lisotundra- crossing the zone between the forest and the tundra. Ridkolissya scurry about the tundra.

lithosphere- (in walnut Lytos- stone, sphere- kulya) - the upper hard shell of the Earth, hunting the earth's crust and the upper ball of the mantle.

Magma(Po - walnuts magma- Misivo, thick ointment) - melted, rich with gases of fiery-thick mass, which can be set gliboko in the nadra of the Earth at high temperatures and in a great vice.

mantya of the Earth(Walnuts mantion- pakrivalo) - a ball between the earth's crust and the core.

scale(on – nimetski by weight- vimir, headquarters-stick) - the steps of changing the vimiry view of the earth's surface for imaging on the plan or map.

mainland- a great mass of earthly measles, discharge from the sides by the oceans and seas.

Meridian(Latin meridianus- noon) - line, cleverly drawn on the surface of the Earth from one pole to the other.

Metamorphic girski breed(In walnuts metamorphoses - re-creation) - girski rocks, which are re-created in the Earth's surface from one species into one at high temperatures and a great vice.

meteorology- the science of atmospheric grip.

Meteori(In Greek, meteors - atmospheric phenomenon) - heavenly bodies, with great speed, one can get into the winding ball of the Earth and burn up when closed. A meteor that has reached the earth's surface without burning up in the atmosphere is called a meteorite.

Svitovy ocean- the supremacy of all oceans and seas.

Monsoon(in Arabic Mouse - season) - permanent winter, which is a charge from land to sea, inflow - from sea to land.

nagir'ya- Massive visoka Girskaya kraina, united by girski ridges and virivnyany dilyanka.

bottom -іvnina with an absolute height up to 200 m.

gloom- Purchase of water dots and crystals in ice in an atmosphere high above the surface of the Earth.

shell of the Earth- the call of the shell of the Earth, which is displayed one from one speech warehouse. They include the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere.

General geographic pictures - picture, you can imagine the objects of the earthly surface without a special vision, be it from them. With the same detail, the relief of the Earth, the sea, the ocean, surface water, Roslinn_st, populated points and in.

yar - dovgaste perished, approved by a timchasovym watercourse (zlivovy dosch, talі vody).

Lake- Purchase of water in natural water on land.

Ozone ball(Walnut-like ozone - smell) - a ball, in a concentration of ozone, is located in the stratosphere at a height of 10 - 50 km.

Ocean- the majestic expanse of water, with its sides surrounded by continents. Oceans і їх parts, ringing one by one, make up the Svitovy ocean.

Oceanic (sea) stretch - great obsyag oceanic abo sea ​​water, Gradually move in one direction from one moment in the middle. Rise warm and cold flows.

zsuv -іdriv and the formation of layers of mountainous rocks downward along the cliffs of the mountains, temples, on the shores of the seas, lakes, along the cliffs of the rivers.

Orbit of the Earth(In Latin orbit - road, road) - way of the Earth near Sontsya.

orієntuvannya- visnennya sides to the horizon at the point.

island- a small part of the land, separated from the sides by water.

acceptable height- the difference between two points of the earth's surface is definitely one one.

Protection of nature- a lot of visits, in the singing world, they are surrounded by the flow of the state's spirit of people on the navkolishnє middle age, so that they grow up and introduce the natural mind.

midsection to earthquake- a place in a comrade earthly measles or an upper mantle, de vinikak earthquake.

flood- raptor and short-hour meal of the river. On a daily basis, the wine list is irregular.

parallel(Walnut-like parallelos - scho yde hand) - line, cleverly carried out on the surface of the Earth parallel to the adequate. The latitude of all points is the same parallel to the same.

Pechera- the empty ground in the waterborne balls of the girskikh rocks, approved before the ground waters.

plan(In Latin planum - area) - the image on the porch, behind the help of intellectual signs, of a small part of the earth's surface, changing in the singing scale. The shape of the Earth is not visible on the view of the cards. Visible in scale (1: 2000 and larger).

Planet(View of the walnut planetes - bloody) - heavenly It is possible to wrap oneself around the Sontsya and is visible through the image of the sleeping light.

flat - the mountainous country is great with a ditch or trocha hunchbacked surface.

uzberezhzha- Smuga between the land and the sea or the lake, the relief which is characterized by the widening of the current and ancient coastal forms of relief.

Weather - camp of the atmosphere in a short period of time.

underwater ridges- line-knit mountains with steep grapples at the bottom of the Ocean. Some of the peaks of the ridges are seen from the beginning of the water at the viglyadi islands.

Underground water- water accumulated in gorges, gorges and seams of girly rocks, rosters at the upper part of the earth's measles.

float- part of the bottom of the river valley, flooded during the period.

povin- The high and trivial pidyom rivnya vodi is repeated regularly. Zazvychay water flooded flooded part.

p_vostr_v- a part of the land, as it enters the sea, the lake is separated by water from three sides.

napivpustela- crossing the zone between the steppe and the wilderness of the world belt.

Polyarnaya nich- Period, if the Sonce in the polar regions of the Earth does not go down with a stretch. So, as in the polar day, it is trivial to go from one to another at the polar islands to the pole at the poles.

polar cola(Walnut-like Polyaris - travel to the Pole) - parallel, drawn through the latitude 66º33 "Pivnichniy and Pivdennogo pivkul. Lines, which border the regions, but there are polar days and polar nights.

polar belts- geographic belts, which are located near the Pivnichny and Pivdenny Poles and are located in the Antarctic and Arctic belts.

polar day- period, if the Sonce in the polar regions of the Earth does not extend beyond the horizon. It is a triviality to go from one to the pole at the polar stakes to the pivrok at the poles.

Parubiy - hvilya, how to pretend to sea ​​birch... When it is close to the coast of the sea, the lower part as a result of rubbing against the bottom changes the swelling of the rue. At the same time, the upper part of the hvily spreads over and hits the shore.

natural components(In Latin Component - scho to become) - the parts of the geographic shell are folded: girski breed, povitrya, water, soil, roslinny and tvarinniy light.

Natural complex - a system of tight interconnections between natural components.

strait- there is a lot of water in the vuzke between the landlocks, and one of the other around the ocean and sea.

Promile, promile(In Latin about millet - for a thousand) - one thousandth piece of size. Shown, a few grams of salt are calculated in 1000 g of water and oceans and seas.

kestrel- Territory of the Earth with even dry climate and bed and small growth. The volatility is ten times higher, the lower the number of falloffs, which are less likely to fall.

Rivnina - Significantly equal, for humpbacks of the earth's surface. The height of the surrounding parts of the village is not enough to be seen one from one.

Country, how to grow- the country with a social and economic development, a trivial hour of a large colony.

Developed lands - the country, in whatever good reason, industry, transport and silske statehood And it is also widely used to study the advancement of science and technology.

rasi - Groups of people have historically been formed, as they go for walking and for a variety of slow-moving features (color of shkiri, form of appearance, hairy and inn.). Razrіznyayut Caucasian, Mongolian and non-German races.

Richkova system - small river and sukupnist and tributary, which were united between themselves, flow through one arm into the sea or a lake.

Richkovy stick - the amount of water that can be passed by singing hour(Dobu, month, season, rik).

Rose vіtrіv- a diagram showing the repetition of the beat for the singing hour (month, season, ric) in the given day.

dew - In theologian, you can see it against the basis of the cold earth's surface, dews and small objects in the night.

shroud(Від ісп.) - Plains with grassy growths with near trees, groups of trees and chagarnik thickets. Widened in subquatorial and tropical zones.

Seismic zone - Territory

change lis- forest, it is possible to store from conifers and broad-leaved species of trees. Establish a subzone of a forest zone and a subzone of a belt.

Snegova line - border, vishche yakoi in the mountains stretching out all fate not tanya.

Sleepy system - A lot of planets, asteroids and comets, which wrap around the Sontsya and its outskirts.

step - flatness, covered with grassy growth.

Stichnі vodi - drive, get involved in the process of victorious work in the industrial branch, in the village and in the communal government.

stratosphere ( in Latin stratum - ball , sphere - Kulya) - a sphere of the atmosphere over the troposphere with the upper boundary cordon 50-55 km.

subantarctic belt ( in Latin sub - near, close, subantarctic - near antarctic) - geographic zone, roztasvaniya in Pivdenniy pivkuli mіzh pomirnim і ant arctic belts.

subarctic belt - a transitional natural belt between the inner and arctic belts of the Pivnichnoe Pivkul.

subtropical belt- transitional natural belt between tropical and around belts.

subquatorial belt- transitional natural belt between equatorial and tropical belts.

taiga - coniferous foxes around the belt.

Typhoon ( Chinese – tai fin - the great wind) - a hurricane, scho wines near the shores of the Pacific Ocean in Pivdenno-Shidniy Asia and on the Far Descent.

Thematic pictures - pictures, designated for all kinds of natural and suspicious manifestations (climatic, soil, picture of growth, political pictures etc.).

Heat appearances - belts, which spread out of the fallow from the amount of sleepy warmth that grows all over the earth.

peat - flammable cinnamon kopalina brown color, approved by the purchase of surplus roslin, scho they knew the uncommon distribution in the minds of the pain.

paths(Walnut-like tropikos - rotary) - parallels, held through 23º, 07 "of the winter and winter latitudes of the earth.

Tropical belts - natural belts, roztasvani mіzh approximately 20º and 30º latitudes in Pivnichnoe and Pivdenny pivkuli. The middle of the girdle of the cutaneous pivkule is overturned by the line of the path.

troposphere(Walnut-like tropos - turn, wimir, sphere - cooler) - the lower sphere of the atmosphere near the surface of the Earth.

fog - the purchase of other drops of water in the surface sphere of the atmosphere.

tundra(In Finnish Tunturі - flat, flat top) - space, de-perevazhaє moss-lichen tallness, as well as baguette grasses and low-growing chagarniki. The yak natural zone has been expanded with the head rank in Pivnichniy pivkuli.

Pomirny belt - geographic zone of middle latitudes

Ustya - the place where the rychka falls into the іnshu river, lake, sea. Small rivers of empty regions, as they do not reach the bottom of the water, make a dry girl.

Rift - vuzka gliboka polonina with steep grapples.

Physical geography ( walnut-like physis - nature) is a science, which is a natural mind and geographic envelope of the Earth.

weather vane ( in nіmetski flugel - krilo) - an adjunct that is victorious at meteorological stations for direct or vіtru viznachennya.

Hill - a small temporal region of a rounded or oval form with gently sloping grabs. The visota does not cross 200 m.

tsunami ( in Japanese tsunami – great water(Bay, bayє bay) - ruin_vna is tough to hvilya, which is winník for an hour to an earthquake at the bottom of the Ocean.

shelf - virivnyana part of the underwater outskirts of the continents; lay down to the shores of the land and characterizes the geological budova with its sleeping area.

Equator ( in Latin equator - ryvny, zrivnyuvach) - a circle, cleverly drawn on the same country from both belts of the Earth.

Equatorial belt - natural belt, seaming mіzh 8º pn.sh. і 11º пд on the offense of the party.

Ecology ( walnut-like oikos - booth, zhitlo, logos - Science) is a science, which is a science that deals with relationships between oneself and a new community.

Ecological crisis - non-gates of the middle age of living organisms in the singing area of ​​the earth, due to human activity.

Epicenter for earthquake ( walnut-like epi - on, over, with, pislya, in Latin centrum - vistrya, midway) - the center of the circle, the point of the earth's surface directly above the head of the earthquake.

Ethnography ( walnut-like ethnos - people, grapho - I write) - the science about the warehouse, the promenade, the expansion of the cultural and historical ties of the peoples.

aborigines- the origin of the baggage be-like territory, land.

Iceberg- great shaved ice, go up and down into the ocean

Alpijskiy Relief(Russian - high mountains і French. Relevo - піднімаю) - a type of relєfu, which is formed by a series of lodivics, from nizhnikiv - "vichnyh" dreams in the history of a permanent lifestyle.

anthropogenic water- infusion of the viral and non-viral activity of people on the structure and function of ecosystems (landscapes).

Anthropogenic natural complex- the natural complexes have recognized strong changes as a result of the performance of the people.

anthropogenic sheaths- empty, scho settled in as a result of anthropogenic injections into nature.

anthropogenic officials- inflow, which is to be repaired by people and their power on organisms, biogeocenoses, landscapes, biosphere (on the view of natural, or natural, bureaucrats).

archipelago- a group of islands, which lie on a small island, one from one, from one-sided geological expeditions and close ones beyond Budova.

Atoll- a circle-like coral island near the viglyad vuzko ridge, navkolishn_ or semi-surrounding small lagoon (not more than 100 m).

benthos(Gretz. Benthos - gliboky) - the abundance of growing and living organisms, which linger on the ground and in the ground of the sea, lakes and rychok.

swamps- a natural complex with over-surplus soil disturbances, natural growth and habitats, with accumulated decayed organic matter (sapropels) and, in general, peat.

Wadi(Arab, wad - wide valley) - dry valleys in the kestrels Pivnichnoi in Africaі Arabiy Pivostrov... The stench of time-clock streams is angry for an hour or so with ancient streams.

Villas - Villas- saw storms and tornadoes.

A part of the Eastern European Rivnini, the Ural Mountains, the Caucasus is important to the internal drainless basin, and the territory of the Middle Asia

Waters to the ocean- great voices of water with the same temperature, salinity, peculiarities of plankton and food, so that you can see the quiet, so that the waters are soaked. Water masses are developed according to the regions of their origin: polar, tropical and equatorial.

Povitryani masi, їkh vidi - a great volume of lovers of the troposphere, which Volodya is one-sided authorities. Razrіznyayut chotiri їkh types: ekvatorіalnі povіtryanі masi abo ekvatorіalny povіtrya (EB), tropical (TV), pomirniy (HC), arctic or antarctic (AB).

Hanging belts-zones roztashovanі in the mountains at the viglyadі belts on the іznіh heights.

visokogirna kestrel- the landscape of a high-altitude 3500 m in the extremely continental pre-Goth zones, but also in Asia (Tibet, Mongolian Altai, Skhidny Pamir), there, in the seaside and around the continental zones, in the primeval regions.

volcanic islands - Islands, which have come to an end as a result of sub-water volcanic heaves and appeared above the sea level of the island from the outpouring volcanic mountain rocks.

garoua- cool "slips" of fog

Geographic shell of the Earth- a foldable dynamic self-regulating system, which includes the Earth's geosphere: the atmosphere (pervolonku), hydrosphere (water), lithosphere (solid, kam'yanu), biosphere (inhabited by living organisms).

geographic center - the sukupness of natural minds, a part of earthly nature, with human suspension without interfering with the modality of one's life and virobnichy activity on this stage of historical development.

geosinklinal(Gretz. Geo - Earth, sinklino - nahilyayusya) - an area of ​​trivial and intensive folding of earth measles.

geochronology- a breakdown of geology, so vivchaє the last of the development of life on Earth, an absolute vіk і vіdnosniy vіk girskikh sorts. Because of the triviality of geological systems of construction, a single geochronological table is accepted for the whole world.

geosinkline islands- islands, formed in a zone of two lithospheric plates.

Gileyno lis, gilea(Grets. Hyle - lis) - tropical forest The leading rank in the Amazon River basin (Pivdenna America) is the growth of the earth's flora.

glide-water trough- Downgrading of the ocean bottom with depths of 5000 m, rising in the transition zone between the mainland and the ocean.

Oily, oily- a ball of ice, scho settling on the surface of the earth, trees, wires, stoppages, booths and other objects with a path freezing drips of overcooled board or fog. Iron is spared at temperatures from 0 to -3 ° С.

guano(Іsp.) - high nitrogen-phosphorus organic goodness. Goodness was taken in the minds of the dry climate of the last sea birds, but also in the places of their purchase (at the bird markets). Naybіlshі put guano to be found on the islands near the Uzbek coast of Chile, Peru, Pіvdennaya Africa, islands of the Caribbean Sea.

last week- every three days when the Earth is wrapped around its axis, it deviates to the right along its own arm in the winter season, and left - in the winter season.

Crust - zovnishnya obolonka earthly kul is a part of the lithosphere, which lies above the mantle. The need for continental earthly cortex from 35 km down to lowlands up to 80 km down to the gir systems, folds which are in the mantle of the lithosphere.

isobar(Grets. "Z" - pryvny, "Baros" - vise, wagu) - lines on the card, scho to draw points with the same vise.

Isogena("Gietos" - boards) - the line, scho to draw points from the same number of natural fallen.

isotherma("Terma" Heat) - curves of the line, so that the points can be combined with the same temperature.

Campos, Campus(Portuguese. Campo - field, rіvnina) - this is the name of the savannas of Brazil. The price is carried out with a folding rail. Perevazhaє herbaceous-cereal dewiness - kovila and American species of hard-leaved turf grasses.

climatic belts - the most climatic parallels of the geographic shell in the wide swaths, which can stand in the backward parallel area of ​​the adequate across the land and the ocean near the earth.

climate-forming processes- processes in the atmosphere, which mold the Earth's climate, natural zone for the surroundings of the region.

climate-forming officials- geographic latitude, for example, the height of the Sontsya above the horizon, the fall of the winds, the relief, the proximity of the oceans and the terrain, the nature of the stylish surface and the inn.

coral islands- between two paths, de tsiliy rik visoka water temperature.

creole- the sites of immigrants from Spain and Portugal arrived in the 19th century for the weekend Of America.

Creek (English Creek) - rychok channels, which dry out in dry weather (timchasovі watercourses), in Australia. The term is included in the geographic name, for example, Coopers-Krik. Near the riverbeds, when they wake up, there are lakes with roses.

xerophiles(Grets. Xeros - dry і phileo - I love) - creatures, pricked up to trivial waterlessness. In the wilderness and napivustels, some creatures can do without water, satisfied with the snake in the deer (turtles, deyaki gryzuni).

xerofity(Graetz. Xeros - dry і phyton - roslina) - the growth of dry mushrooms in the steppes, like in the willows and heaths, to tolerate overheating and cold weather at a water intake of up to 20-50%.

Lisstep- a landscape, in which on the interirichyah archery-steppe or steppe dilyankas are scattered with masses of leaves, "yaki pick" more soil.

Llanos(Іsp. Llanos pl. The number of species llano - plain) - landscape, subquatorial belt... Mistseva is the name of the shroud at the winter gathering of the Holy America, in the Orinoko basin and in some other places.

Magmatic rocks- the result of being caught by magmi. Caught in your earth measles stench is called intrusive and may have a crystalline structure (granite, syenity, dunity and inshi). On the surface, the rocks are called efusional (basalt, andesite and іnshі).

marches(Нім. Marsch) - low-lying seaside smuga uzberezhzhya vishche vat, which is flooded with water only before the hour of high tides and surges of water.

mainland grabbed- a part of the ocean floor with a shallow water level of the mainland mile (shelf) from a point close to 200 m and to a depth of 2000 m or more.

migration(Lat. Migratio - resettlement) - the term stagnates according to the date to the population, creatures, roslin and natural rivers.

Svitovy ocean- the water part of the surface cover of the earth, including land waters and rychok, lakes and bolites.

Bagatory permafrost of soils- under the ground ice (cryolithozone). The upper sphere of earthly measles, where there is a low cyclonic negative temperature (below 0 ° C) and hundreds and thousands of rocks in the soil of ice.

moraine- fluffy non-graded girski breeds, in case of being carried by ruddy ice-dwellers.

Monsoon(Franz. Musson - season) - naturally, periodically changing by 120-180 °, the fall of the windmills in the lower part of the troposphere in the fallowness of the atmospheric vice.

National Park- especially environmentally friendly setting and territory (or aquatoria) with recreational and recreational functions in low-slung natural complexes and unique natural objects (waterfalls, canyons, natural trees, etc.).

Nekton(Greek. Nektos - floating) - all organisms, actively floating in your waters and waters, build up to stand up to the flow and independently move to significant places.

oasis(Lat. Oasis - a collection - the name of the many populations of the city in the Liviysky Kestrel). In a village, chagarnikovoy and herbaceous vegetation, there is a mass in the hollows, either in the pussels, or in the soil, or artesian water, which is available and sufficient for their growth.

Osadovy girski breed- breed approved by sediments. The main rank of accumulation and education is seen at the water center (ocean, sea, lake, river), in the small world as a result of the accumulation of products of vivitryvannya, activity of ice and vitamins.

Pampa, pampasi(Іsp. Ratri - rivnina, step) - subtropical steppes on the forest rіvnіns of Pіvedennoi America, the leading rank in Argentina and Uruguay. The zonality is kindly twisted. Allowances in the lower districts are sufficient - 800-1000 mm fall on the river, on the back of the stench it will speed up to 300-500 mm in the front of the Andes, so that it can be found on the dryness of the landscape.

Passat(Нім. Passat іd. Passaat) - a permanent cyclical transfer of winds from subtropical regions (25-30 ° of winter and winter latitude) of a high atmospheric grip imposed one to one in the area of ​​low atmospheric pressure above the equator.

plankton(Gretz. Planktos - bloody) - roslinnі (phytoplankton) and creatures (zooplankton) water organisms in the grown-up camp, passively suck at once with water in the seas, lakes and rivers.

platform(French. Plate-forme from plate - flat and forme - shape) - great little-ruffled earth measles - the most stiff shaves, but they create a solid frame.

plate- deeply lowered metamorphic metamorphic parts of the platforms with a tighter (up to 10-16 km) siege cover - the upper tier (Zakhidno-Sibirska, Turanska).

Underground water- more important than cinnamon copalina, roztashovane at the top of the earth measles in a hard, solid and steamy camp.

Polonina- in the Carpathians, subalpine bows are visible between lisu, pasovishche. Often the slightly hilly і flat ridges і the tops of the gir are called polonyna.

poles to the cold(Grets. Polos - віс) - areas with the lowest temperatures of the given alcohol.

nature habitat- vicariousness of the Earth's riches, the skin landscape and the thier parts of the environment for the sake of the people’s mind and the skin’s team for the state’s gift, cultural and health-improving goals.

Pushcha(Dew. Deserted place, earth, overgrown with forest) - thick forest, impenetrable forest hash, hash, a great mass of reserved forest. Bilovezka Pushcha is famous in the city of Bilorus and Poland.

relief(French Relief - from Lat. Relevo - come) - irregularities in the land and underwater earth surface - positive (opuque) and negative (ignored), changes in forms, shapes, hikers, science and development

rіfty(English Rift - tricycle, rosette) - the greatest rosette with horizontal stretching of earth measles, tying with a vaulted pidyoma, stretching in hundreds or thousands of kilometers.

reefy(Goll.) - underwater skeletons, milelines, mows, slightly rising above the rivne waters, seas, which can be used by shipfaring. Establish yourself on the milky water with the ruined skeletal shore, the bottom, or even the colonial corals.

Simoom(Arab.) - a spicy dry viter ("dyhannya death" among mussel inhabitants) in the heaths of the Arabian Pivostrov and Pivnichnaya Africa, which did not contain food and drink. Welcome to the "hmari" song to meet Sonce. Winikak samum in case of strong ground warming in cyclones, and even more importantly in the late and early-western winters.

seismic belts earth(Gretz. Seismos - earthquake). Two great belts are seen - Pacific and Seredzemomorskiy-Transaziyatskiy - the area of ​​modern urban development.