Understanding nature. Suchasnі science about nature. Evolution of geographic phenomena about the relationship between people and nature
Lesson topic: Geography is the science about the earth.
Main goals and staff: Formulate the minds of those who are engaged in geography from the scientists of the 5th grade, formulate a cobbled interest in the center of science and bazhannya and vivchati.
lesson plan:
- geography
- geography
- Geographers get information
Go to lesson
1. Designation of geography
As it is already said, geography is a science about the Earth. Vona vivichno vivchaє our planet. The word “geography” means “description of the land” in the case of walnuts. That polyagtse word from two simple walnut words: "ge" (scho in the crossbar means the Earth) і "grapho" (scho I write it over and over).
The development of geography took place in parallel with the development of people. Remember, from the very ear, people have respected, how does the Earth stand on three elephants, which, in its own devil, rose to the majestic turtle? Todi and describe the Earth buloinshim. Old people, who do not have enough tools, describing those who could touch with an unbreakable eye - foxes and fields, rivers and lakes, people and іхні sounds. It’s a quiet feast, as it has been brought, that the Earth is a round planet, the methods of the last time have changed drastically. happy geographers ni to live without small individual pomichniks, so you allow їm, first for everything, add the value of the change (for example, cars with a drive). Besides, I should be familiar with binocles, distant, altogether with microscopy.
Why would vivchennya geography be honored for you, students of the 5th grade? Zvychayno, the geography will be tame. See about the special nature of your native land, Vivchit, as special features are present here, as grows grow and as creatures live. s offensive rock If you go far - and the axis is already aware of the geographic shell, which one should be stored, as it was formulated. Singing to you, you will be familiar with the atmosphere. Maybe you can help yourself, for whom the hydrosphere is needed and includes the biosphere. And yet you know that people live in geographic obolonts, The first one, pouring on her majesty.
So, talking about geography, we will mother the complex of sciences, like a geographic obolon, within the framework of what nature and people interact with, and live in suspension.
2. Pіdrozdіli geography
Whether it’s a science, it’s a science, it’s a science in a complex and a system, geography can’t help children, skinned people who take care of their own food. All in all, there are 80 people involved in different sciences, which are related to geography. Most popular and popular among them:
- Oceanology is a science that deals with the processes that may occur in the world of the Ocean.
- Demography - the pre-population of the earth, its yakisny and kilkisny warehouse. It’s the very science to talk about those who live on Earth at a given hour 7.5 billion Cholovik. It's a pity that demographics cannot give evidence of nutrition, since the population can vitrimate our planet.
- Engineering geography - within the framework of the science of science, it is possible to build up the soil, which can be used to produce different types of equipment. Fakhіvtsі in the cich feeds to quit, to induce the booths, for example, did not get into the sea through unstable ground.
- Climatology - as a name, but even easier, the science of climate on the planet. Smut food- chi isnu greenhouse effect For yogo came up with evil.
- Geology - the earth's crust, budova and warehouse. And what about the rapt at the mіsci, is it planned that there’s a good weather, a seismically unsafe zone and a great amount of earthquakes?
- Geomorphology - take care of vivchennyam relєfu earthly surface.
- Medical geography - for those who are not important є feeding the inflow of the special features of the territories to the camp of the health of the people who live there.
- Cartography is the science of making maps and reading them.
Both biology, geography and people who work in the given sphere, are focused on those who want to preserve nature in the pristine viglyad, and also economically and efficiently pick up those riches in search of them.
All sciences, which practice according to the "guide" of geography, can be referred to one of two classes:
- Physical geography - the stench of being grafted onto the surface of our planet.
- Social and economic - in the focus of respect for the development of the light, in which people live, as well as this economic efficiency, as to lead the stench.
Practical knowledge:
Growth of meaning in the development of geography in two different classes.
3. The stars of geographers get information
Vivchati geography on the cob stage is not even more foldable - geographic pictures, vocabularies, handbooks and encyclopedias, tell about geographic achievements of the ages of antiquity even more richly. First for everything, you need to read it geographic map- the price of the memory can be practical storage, For example, I will help you on hikes or on the roads.
In addition, a look at a TV and a computer with connections to the Internet, in this case, it’s better to visit - at the current moment, there are many TV channels in the light (for example, the BBC), as well as geographic programs. Well, about books (in pershu cherga, pidruchniks) are not forgotten - in them, a quintesency is quiet knowledge, as it is immediately available to you.
appraisal: Oskіlki in the framework of the lesson bulo little practical buildings It is necessary to assess the scholars according to the preparation of the material. Slide to put on the power supply, re-insured in the "Pidsumki lesson" section, for the intelligence, as the learning material.
4. Bags for the lesson:
In the course of the lesson, we learned:
- So also geography? What is the vision of our planet's life in the past and today, can you see it?
- What are the children of geography and what kind of skin do they have to deal with? So also physical and socially-economic geography?
- What dzherelom information for vivchenya geography?
Homework:
Within the framework of creative zavdannya you can please the scholars:
- Update the list of geography parentheses - the guides in item 3 are not kintsevym.
- Take a friend, as a theoretical advancement in the field of geography, inject into the practical power of people - for example, they additionally help in the field of medicine.
- To know one video on the Internet, not dedicated to geographic food, be amazed at this and in writing, about what it was about there, in your own words.
(Ob'єdnavchi) processes
2. Natural science - the science of nature
The word "natural science" є according to two words - "stvo" ("nature") and "knowledge". Vono may be replaced by the mensh vzhivanny word-synonymic "natural science", as it resembles the English term "vedi" or "veda" - science, knowledge. Mi and dosi are said to "come" in the sense of the nobility. But in the Danish hour of natural science, to think in front of the so-called more accurate natural knowledge, so that it is also fully formalized - often in mathematical formulas - "more precisely" knowledge about everything that is reasonable є (anyway, accept, it is possible) in All-knowing, and "Suspension of knowledge" or "scientific knowledge") invoke the expression of amorphous expressions about the subject of your "knowledge"
The history of science informs about those who, in their development, natural knowledge, repaired from the very first crocs in ancient times, went through three stages and entered the fourth
At the first of them, the backward syncretic (non-differentiated, undetermined) statements about the new world were formulated, the so-called nature philosophy (the philosophy of nature) was called
Then, from the XV-XVI century, it sent an analytical stage - the astronomical development and vision of some details, which called for the development of physics, chemistry and biology, as well as a whole series of private sciences,
Now, even closer to our hour, it has become a deed to create an integral picture of Nature on the basis of earlier known particles, i.e. the synthetic stage has come.
Nareshti, in Danish hour the time has come not only to ground the principles of integrity (integration) of all natural science, altogether and take into account nutrition: why physics itself, chemistry and biology, geography and psychology became psychology ... E. the beginning is necessary, an integral-differential stage is required. To this, natural science is actually the only science about Nature to pop up actually only now. It is only possible to see Nature (Vsesvit, Life and Rozum) as a single rich-faceted natural science object at the end of the stage
However, all of the stages of the pre-development of Nature, by the day, are the Lankans of one lantsyug
Do not care about those who are persuaded of them - natural philosophy - see the three advancing tims, but they should not worry about the methods of caution, and not the experiment, only the role, and not to be exact, until now important. Itself at the tsіy stage of the event, the announcement about the svit yak z chogos, which has become, is not called out of chaos, evolution. And let me look at those, where the visibility of experimental methods has not yet allowed for mothers of exact knowledge, an ear of natural science as a science, it seems that astronomy (in the sense of astrometry) and geodesy is not allowed. ), historically to carry up to the XV-XVI century, that is, at that hour, since the preliminaries of Nature entered another stage - the analytical
The first need for education, which has been accumulated from quiet periods and until the present hour, the main mass of up until now in the vivification of Nature has appeared at the third other stage. Poyasnyuєtsya Tim Tse, scho analіtichne doslіdzhennya natural ob'єktіv zdіysnyuvalosya protyagom bagatoh i bagatoh stolіt velicheznoyu armієyu doslіdnikіv - mandrіvnikіv i moreplavtsіv, lіkarіv, astrologіv astronomіv i, i alhіmіkіv hіmіkіv, vinahіdlivih remіsnikіv i tehnіchnih kerіvnikіv Promyslova virobnitstva, naglyadovih villagers i agronomіv. Okh glance penetrating into the whiskers of the Earth and Heaven, near the twigs and roslin, the accumulated results are not only passive cautions, but the final, planning empirical doslіdzhen... Itself at the analytical stage of the development of Nature has appeared all that rich array of natural - scientific knowledge, which is the basis of such sciences, such as physics, chemistry and biology, as well as geography and geology
The natural sensitivity of pre-glazed people to all the greater extent of the form of their natural objects and to all the greater penetration in their details and led to non-promiscuous differentials,
The trend towards further uninterrupted differentiation of natural sciences is the first head special the analytical stage of the preliminaries of Nature. E a Ende tsia to become too much for the present
In addition to another peculiarity of the analytical stage, knowledge over theoretical
The third special feature of the cycle of the stage is the more advanced - overwhelming - the preliminaries of the subjects of Nature according to the relation to the processes
Nareshty, another one - the fourth peculiarity of the analogical period of development of natural science is that Nature itself, right up to the middle of the 19th century, looked overwhelmingly insensitive, ossified, posture of the Evolution
Characteristically, they move up to the third (synthetic) and go up to the fourth (integral-differential) stages of the pre-development of Nature, unimportant to their characteristic transition to the problems of the evolution of non-stability, but even ... Moreover, the processes of differentiation of natural sciences will be accommodated, and a large number of empirical
3. Science Geography - as an independent division of natural science
The science of Nature, i.e., Natural science, traditionally subscribes to such, greater self-determination, development, such as physics, chemistry, biology, psychology, geography and geology
Geography is a system of natural and sustainable sciences, such as natural and viral-territorial complexes and components. The establishment of natural and sustainable geographic disciplines within the framework of a single system of sciences is based on a tight interconnection between preliminaries and the specialty of a natural resources, Rational distribution of vyrobnitstva and the establishment of the most friendly environment for the life of people
The founder of the science of geography is the ancient Greek doctrine of Eratosthenes, who is alive in the III century before our era. Win the first time in the term "geography", Adzhe called his own tritomic pratsy that way, which, unfortunately, will not bring us to us. Win pershim doviv, that the Earth is effective in shape, that it is in the shape of Pyfagor
Nicholas in the entire thousand years of history geography has not been involved in the creation of the Earth and the planet
Earth is a great spherical core of molten magmi, packed in a shkaralupa earth measles, Zagalny diameter is 13 yew. Km, і inform the atmosphere of the zavtovshka 2 yew. Km. The first all-middle giant cam'yano-gas til є a small ball with a whole cluster of dozens of kilometers. It should not become more than 1% of the total volume of the Earth and spread thinly on the cordon between the thousand-kilometer comrades of the earth's solid and atmosphere
In the very thin sphere itself, the whole light is thought, which is immersed in its own little house. For this boundary, no majestic hmari, no fierce typhoons and hurricanes, no fierce cyclones, no fierce storms over our head. In the middle of a new high mountains and the most oceanic traps, pass the trails of the lithuanians and navigate the most generous genera of the cinnamon copalins. The whole ball is suspiciously maliy at the same time with the dimensions of our planet, ale nowhere on Earth, nor in the ever-present All-Russian
Here all the lights of us were intertwined and angry at one - light of the earth and light of water, light of living organisms and light of a dead stone, light of soil and light of people. Here, all the chemistry elements are located in uninterrupted Rusi and re-creation, this year's storage is just a giant ice-dweller, and tomorrow - the organism of a smart people. Everything here is in a tight interconnection: the ruinous typhoons pop up through the swing of a charming blizzard, and the political decision of the president to bring about climatic disasters
The male is superbly thin and unique ball of the planet Earth, the title of geographic obolonka, vivchala earlier and vivchak at a time science Geography ... A lot of hundreds of rockies were known to geography in order to get along with all the cocks, to seek out the potential to become part of the world
Having seen all the continents and oceans, having built on the exact picture the best lakes and islands, at the sight of the sound, I don’t know practically nothing about the device’s light.
Proceeding to the construction of the attachment to the house, they buried themselves in their folds, and, having wrapped their sleeves, felt until all the t ... The first one geography immediately fell apart into a lack of disciplines, the skin of those who lived in its own part of the geographic envelope is one of the numerical earthly saints
To preserve the atmosphere and to take care of the climate climatology, And the streams and lakes are located near the river hydrology... lodi vivcha glaciology, To the ground - grossness, And the forms of the relief of the earth's surface crumple geomorphology... Living bags of the planet vivcha biogeography, And the people and their activity - social and economic geography... Remaining already distilled into political geography, geography of transport, geography of trade, geography of culture, geography of religion ....
Geographical insights, which merit for the value of "great", were seen on our planet in the history of the era, from antiquity to the XX century. In the era of the Great Geographical Indications, it was accepted that the historical period was strictly denoted. Yogo chronological framework of the history of history and geographers is viciously surrounded by the middle or end of the XV-middle of the XVII century. Zhodna іnsha epoch didn’t bula nasichena geographic views, Nicoli stench did not mali such a vinyatnaya value for the European Union
Zusillami kіlkokh generation of seafarers and explorers of the frontiers from Kumeni Buli rozsunutі, the light of the Nemov was filled with new farbs, becoming in all his miraculous rozmaitty
Within the framework of the epoch, the preachers clearly see two periods:
- the middle of the end of the XV - the middle of the XVI century. - the period of Spanish and Portuguese views in Africa, America and Asia, including the seafaring floats of Columbus, Vasco da Gami and Magellan.
- mid XVI - mid XVII century - the period, the main change of how the hostile achievements of Russian explorers in the winter of Asia, the English and French views in the New America, the Dutch news of Australia and the United States.
It’s just because recently it’s like this kind of extension of the type of the geographer Nachebto Zhyulvernovskaya Paganel - a kind of walking geographic encyclopedia That is the current year in science, there have been new developments. Once upon a time, there have gone in the past hours of the same encyclopedists, others, for example, to the great M.V.
At our hour, geography is no longer a bunch of geography, according to the description of science, by the main reason for the preliminaries of the last few lands and lands. Hours went bezpovorotno, so called, "romantic" geography. Lyudin vihodiv, having ob'yzdiv, having drunk all our mayzhe, yak z'yasuvalosya not great planet and before that, now steadily looking around the cosmos. To that the geography is so chaotic as it is experiencing its new people. A lot of descriptiveness in new methods, as it is possible to say so, constructiveness and forecasting, to that, development of virobability and glib social and economic transformation in the light of carnival of science in the process of changing previous robots
Our science is now facing a new zeal: to learn about the fashion of nature and human performance. Nini geography vivchaє nature and with the help of saving in the process of the state vicarious, which is especially important in the period of the scientific and technological revolution
Zusilya Bagatyokh geographers in our hour were recruited to Vivchennya environmental problems... It is a pity, in their richness, do not expect a well-thought-out, gospodarstvosti dyyalnosti, people have given to the majestic, often wrong, the beggars of the nature of our sometimes small planet, and a lot of negativity has flowed from fate into the growth of the market. All the more and more are allowed to enter the atmosphere of the Earth cheeky speeches, Wiklikayut acid boards. Otruyuyutsya waters and oceans and seas. Bagato rychki will be transformed into the static ditches. Guinet Bagato Lakes
It is very negative to recognize the uncontrolled blame of the fossil masses, the "green legends" of the planet, and the unrepeatable creature light. The first rate of global poaching is growing
The great and folding path was passed by people, opening one by one the secret earthly bag. A lot of non-domiciled lands were seen by the glimpses of the glorious ones, which are so important for us, a geographic map of the world. So, for example, Christopher Columbus is a prominent seafarer, yaky, how to get involved, in 1492 he went to America, who knew about the ancient Vikings, and even earlier celts, the Egyptians, the Egyptians, the Chinese
To appear, until now, the feast has not been established reliably, on the very island, named by the name of San Salvador ("Ryativnik"), hanging by Columbus, reaching the shores of an unattended continent. Respected, what is the reason for the rooting in the group of the Bahamas and to be called Nini Samana Kai
4. Rіven іntelektu on іznih shchablya development of people
| Rocky Christmas and Death |
Land of the people and robots |
main entry |
Note |
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| 505g. BC |
Carthage (Africa) |
Visits and preliminaries of the islands of Schaslyv (Canarsky), Vechirniy Rig, Pivdenny Rig, Rio de Oro inlets |
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| 484g. BC |
Little Asian r Galikarnas |
Doslіdzhennya Egyptu podorozh udovzh coastlines of Africa |
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| 340g. BC |
Massilia (Africa) |
Obstezhu shores of Iberia and Celtica, Albion island |
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| Claudius Ptolemy |
90-160 BC |
Ptolemy's cartoons, with the lines of latitude and dovgoti drawn on them |
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| 146g. BC |
Familiarize yourself with the remote coast of Africa |
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| 63g. BC |
Cappadocia (part of the half of Mala Asia) |
Tvir "Geography", which is stored in 17 books |
Great part of the creation has been preserved until our hour |
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| 63g. BC |
Ob'yzhdzhak aziatske uzberezhzha from India to the Persian outflow |
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| Pavsaniy |
Rome, Italy) |
Vidviduvannya and vivchennya Elladi |
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| Doslidzhuk Khotan kingdom, Afghanistan, North India, Ceylon |
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| Cosmas Indikoplev |
Doslіdzhennya Ethiopia, Іndії and Wіth Asia |
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| Suleiman |
Basra (Arabia) |
Oglyadaє Omans'ka inflow, Syamsky inflow і Pivdenno-Chinese sea |
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| Eirik Raudi |
Chi is not tired. |
Iceland |
981 - the Normans reclaimed the Atlantic Ocean and into the open air of Greenland |
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| Leif Eirikson |
Chi is not tired. |
Greenland |
1001 p. - reaching of the skidny shores Wine of America; see the land "Winland" Peninsula Nova Scotland) |
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| Marco Polo |
One Thousand Two Fifty Chotiri - 1324 |
Italy, China |
1271-1295 - go to China |
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| Ibn-Battuta |
Doslidzhennya Egypt, Arabia, India, China |
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| Jean de Bettencourt |
After the conquest of the Canary Islands, an ear of European colonization was laid |
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| Christopher Columbus |
Spain, Portugal |
1) 1492 - Official view of America (view of the Bahamas, Cuba and Gait) 2) 1500g. - the opening of the coast of Guiani and the Caribbean Uzbek. |
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| Amerigo Vespucci |
1500-1506yy - official of America's view |
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| John Cabot |
Genoa, England |
1497-1498yy - the emergence of the early and early stages of the Uzbek Bafin Land |
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| V. Pinson |
1500g. - Opening of the brazilian coasts and the Amazonian airplane |
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| Ponce de Leon |
1513 - display of the Florida peninsula and the cob farm to Golfstrom |
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| Vasco Balboa |
1513 - the cross of the Panama Isthmus and the opening of the "Holy Sea", like the Pacific Ocean |
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| Fernand Magellan |
1470 - 1521 |
Spain, people - Portugal |
1519 - I will increase the price for a little more. Vidkrittya shores of Patagonia, Vognnoy Zemli, Magellanovy ducts. The re-incarnation of the "Pivdenny Sea" into the Pacific Ocean |
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| Bartolomeu Diash |
Portugal |
1434-1488yy - Ser_ya of the first swimming Evropeyts_v uzdovzh remote shores Of Africa |
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| Vasco da Gama |
Portugal |
1) 1497-1498 - Africa is bypassed by sea. Road to India Vidkrit 2) 1498 - more recent reports of the Indian and Eastern Asia |
As a result of Vasco da Gami's sailing, the map of the world has changed a lot. Atlantic i Indian Ocean z'єdnanimi appeared; clarification of the contours of Africa, as well as drawing on the map of the islands of Madagascar |
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| Lev African |
1511-1515yy - pretin and peretin of the Sahari. |
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| Afanasy Nikitin |
1466 - 1442 - "Walking across the three seas" from Russia to the First Europe |
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| Yrmak Timofiyovich |
Chi is not set. O-1585. |
1581-1584gg - go to Western Siberia legendary Єrmak |
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| Jacques Carti |
1535. - visit to the small river of St. Lawrence - official of the view of Canada |
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| Francisco de Orellana |
Spain, Brazil |
1541-1542 - across the Andi to the Amazon selva. Swimming along the Amazon to the її girl |
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| Francis Drake |
Great Britain, Central America |
1578 - Drake duct opening |
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| Beheim Martin |
Nimechchina |
Globe Beheim |
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| Ernando Cortez |
Spain, America |
Elder and conqueror of Mexico |
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| Mercator Gerard |
Holland |
Cartographer, student of yogo activity in 1595r. z'avivsya collection of cards |
In an hour, the collection of maps became an atlas |
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| Henry Hudson |
Great Britain |
1610 - opening of the Hudson channel and the Hudson channel |
Hudson posted information about the possibilities of the whale and animal industries in the research. їм part of Pivnichniy The icy ocean |
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| Semyon Dezhnev |
1648 RUR - the first floating near the Chukotsky p_vostrov. Vidkrittya Berengovoy channel |
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| Vitus Bering |
1) 1725-1730 - I Kamchatka expedition. Official display of the Bering channel 2) 1741 - open-circuit display, t.v. "Russian America" |
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| A. Mackenzi |
Great Britain |
1788-1789gg - go to the river Makenzi |
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| J. Vancouver |
Great Britain |
1792 - go to the Pacific Ocean. View of Vancouver Island. |
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| Oleksandr Humboldt |
R. 1769 - 1859 |
Nimechchina |
1) 1799. - hung on the coast of Venezuela in the port of Kumana 2) 1800. - rise in price in Cuba 3) 1801 - rise along the Magdalena river, before gir system Andes and її volcanoes. |
Humboldt visit the volcano |
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| Oleksandr Humboldt |
Nimechchina |
Founder of Fizkabinet-Chesky Geogr. yak science |
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| Viv'un de Saint-Martin |
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| Charton Edward |
Geographer, historian of geographic views, viewer of the magazine "Vokrug Sveta" |
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| D. Antsiferov |
Chi is not tired. |
1711-1713 - the appearance of the Kuril Islands and the composition of the first picture. |
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| Martin Frobisher |
1576-1610 - until the last Buffin of the Earth, the opening of the Frobisher inflow |
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| John Devis |
1 550 -1605 |
1585-1587yy - until after Buffinova zatoka i Atlantic Uzbek Labrador, view of the Khol Peninsula, |
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| Steven Barrow |
Chi is not tired. |
1556 - until the end of the Ice Ocean, having seen the science literature about the Arctic |
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| Willem Barents |
Holland |
1) 1594r. - view of Misu Carlsen, the islands of the Admiralty 2) 1596r. - second test of Spitzbergen |
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| Abel Tasman |
Holland |
1644 - view of Australia |
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| Luis PAES Torres |
RUB 1560-1614 |
Holland |
1606 - vidkriv Pivdenny coast of New Guinea, Torres channel |
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| Ivan Moskovitin |
Chi is not tired. |
1639-1640gg - pre-release of the Uzbek Sea of Okhotsk |
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| Vasil Poyarkov |
unavailable |
1644-1646 - Expedition on the Amur |
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| Orofiy Pavlovich Khabarov |
1632-1653yy - until Siberia |
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| 1719-1721 - the folding of the first picture of the celebration of Siberia, Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands |
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| L. Morozko |
1691-1699 - dossagnen-zhennya of Kamchatka. First doslіdzhennya piv-va. |
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| Stepan Petrovich Krashennikov |
1738-1751 - pre-release of Kamchatka, the book "description of the land of Kamchatka" |
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| Semyon Ivanovich Chelyuskin |
1736-1739 - Great Pivnichna expedition in the Arctic seas |
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| Fedir Petrovich Litke |
1821-1829 - the development of a group of islands in the Karolinsky Archipelase |
Buv turned to the head of the Geographic Partnership in 1845. |
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| 1699-1700 - until the last rounds of Blakitny Nilu and Ephesians. |
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| David Livingston |
RUR 1813 - 1873 |
Great Britain |
1849-1871 - Bagatory series of the most important English views in central Africa: the Kalahari shepherd, the upper Zambezi, the Viktori watershed, the Great African Lakes, the upper Congo |
Livingston appropriating Africa to a larger part of his life, passing over 50 thousand km |
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| Chi is not tired. |
1893-1900 - Peretin Sahari from Algeria to Lake Chad |
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| Henry Stanley |
USA, UK |
1871-1877 - Liveston's shot and the opening of the turns in Bily Nil. Perche of the Congo and the Great Lakes |
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| 1880-1883 - the rise of the watershed. Nilu i Congo |
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| Mikola Mikhailovich Przhevalsky |
1) 1867-1868 - the slid-bath of the Distant Descent 2) 1873 - expedition to Central Asia |
For the decisions of the Academy of Sciences in honor of the Przhevalsky Bula vibi-ta Gold medal with the inscription "To the First Preschool of the Nature of Central Asia" |
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| Charles Wilkes |
1838-1842 - ear of rejection of the shelf ice-nick Shackleton, Wielks Land |
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| Mikola Mikolayovich Miklukho-Maclay |
Born 1846-1887 |
1870-1877 - after the release of the New Guinea |
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| Nordenskjold |
1876-1879yy - after Zakhidny Sibir, seen by Misu Dixon |
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| Frithof Nansen |
R. 1861-1930 |
Norway |
1888-1893 - after the Arctic |
from 1897r - professor of zoology at the University of Oslo |
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| Robert Piri |
1909r - Dosyag of the Pivnichnaya Pole behind the yogo rosrakhunks |
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| Robert Scott |
1902-1904 - expedition to the shores of Antarctica |
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| Petro Petrovich Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky |
Born 1824-1914 |
1856-1857gg - expedition to Tien Shan |
Buv turned to the head of the Geographic Partnership in 1873 |
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| Raoul Amundsen |
Greenland, Alaska |
1911r - ice trip to the Pivdenny Pole |
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| Andriy Oleksandrovich Grigor'ev |
rozrobiv scholarship about the geographic envelope of the Earth; giving an analysis natural mindsіnіg geographic belts of the Earth. |
Academy of Sciences of the USSR from 1939 to 1918 - organizer and first director of the Institute of Geography of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (until 1951). Laureate of the State Prize of the SRSR 1947r |
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| Inokentiy Petrovich Gerasimov |
MAK Pratsi z geography of Oruntiv, geomorphology, paleo-and physical geography. |
Laureate of the Sovereign Prize of the USSR, 1973 r |
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| Kostyantin Kostyantinovich Markov |
Laureate of the Sovereign Prize of the USSR, 1971 r |
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| Stanislav V. Kalesnik |
Basic Practices of Theoretical Nutrition of Physical Geography, Zagalny Land Studies |
President of the Geographic Partnership of the SRSR from 1964-1977 rr. |
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| Viktor Borisovich Sochava |
Basic practice on class-classification landscapes in tundra and taiga, geobotanical area |
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| Lev Semenovich Berg |
Having broken the decision about landscapes and given ideas about natural areas... The first is the zoning of the physical-geographic region of the USSR. |
Z 1940 to 1950 - The president geographic partnership CPSR Laureate of the Sovereign Prize of the USSR, 1951 r |
5. High-value roads and geographic views
| rocky |
geographic ob'єkt |
The land, having arranged the expe dition |
Keruy tel abo participants of expeditions |
| I. A 3 I Z |
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| Raise Marco Polo to China |
Marco Polo |
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| "Hodinnya over the three seas" from Russia to the first India |
Afanasy Nikitin |
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| Perche reaching India by sea route |
Portugal |
Vasco da Gama |
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| More Portuguese preliminaries of the Indian and Eastern Asia |
Portugal |
P. Cabral, Vasco da Gama, F. Almeida |
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| Opening of the Philippines Islands in the First Around the World Road |
F.Magellana |
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| Vidviduvannya Zakhidny Sibir of the legendary Urmak |
Yrmak Timofiyovich |
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| Presented by the Dutch News of the Earth |
Holland |
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| Circular expedition from Turukhansk along the rivers of Nizhnyaya Tunguska, Deer, Angara, Onisey to Turukhansk |
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| The first swim on the Olenia to the її girl |
I. Perfilyev, I. Ribrov |
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| Visiting the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk. Forward Great Russia "poked" the Great Ocean |
I.Moskvitin |
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| Vidkrittya "Glorious Sea" - Lake Baikal |
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| First hikes in Yakutia and Amur region |
V. Poyarkov |
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| Perche floating near Chukotsky p_vostrov. Opening of the Bering channel |
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| Reaching Kamchatka. First doslіdzhennya pіvostrova |
L. Morozko, V. Atlasov |
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| The opening of the Kuril Islands and the folding of the first picture |
D.Antsiferov, I.Kozirevskiy |
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| Vivchennya to Caspian and Stepi in Kazakhstan |
A. Bekovich-Cherkaskiy |
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| Creation of the first picture of the day of Siberia, Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands |
Kevreinov, F. Luzhin |
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| I Kamchatka Expedition. Official display of the Bering channel |
V. Beringa, A. Chirikov |
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| Perche Peretin of the Bering Channel and the expansion of the Pivnichnaya America |
K. Fedorov, M. Gvozdev |
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| Applied to the map of the Uzbek seas Laptavikh, Skhidno-Sibirsky and Chukotsky |
V. Pronchishchev, S. Chelyuskin, H. and D. Laptevi |
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| Hello America! View of the Russian Pivnichno-Western shores of Pivnichnaya America |
A. Chirikov |
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| Opening of the Commander Islands |
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| vіdkrittya samoї point Eurasia - misu Chelyuskin |
S. Chelyuskin |
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| Pershe rosіyske circumnavigation of the world. vidkrittya Morskoy Way from European Russia to Kamchatka and Alaska |
I. Kruzenshtern, Y. Lisinsky |
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| Continuing the description of the Pivnichniy uzberezhzhja of Eurasia. Science of Wrangel Island |
F. Wrangel |
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| Persha describe the shores of the Aral Sea. Zamalivki Taras Shevchenko |
A. Butakov |
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| Opening of the Nevelskoy channel. Russian ensign over Primor'am. Pidstava Mikolaivska on Amur and Vladivostok |
G. Nevelskoy, N. Boshnyak |
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| Russian expedition in the heart of "heavenly gir" (Tien Shan). Vidkrittya Lake Issik-Kul, turns into the rychok Sirdar and Chu |
P.P. Semenov-Tyanshanskiy |
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| Perceiving unofficial penetration into the fence and tamnichu Kashgar and Takla-Makin under the guise of a pilgrim |
Ch. Valikhanov |
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| Preceding Central Asia: Dzungaria, Tibet, Gobi, Lobnor lakes, turns in Huanghe and Yangzi |
N. Przhevalsky |
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| The first penetration of Europe into the central part of Pamiru |
N. Severtsev |
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| Continuing education in Central Asia |
M. Pevtsov, G. Potenin, V. Roborovskiy, P. Kozlov, G. and M. Grumm-Grzhimailo |
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| Remaining heart of Asia (Western China and Mongolia) |
V.0bruchev, V. Roborovskiy, P. Kozlov |
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| Remaining great geographic view in Asia - Chersky ridge |
S. Obruchev |
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| II. A F R I K A |
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| A series of the first swims of the Europeans in the western shores of Africa |
Portugal |
K. Diash, A. Baldaya, R. Sikeiro |
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| Africa is bypassed by sea. Road to India Vidkrit |
Portugal |
Vasco da Gama |
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| Preschool and Peretin Sahari |
Lev African |
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| Preceding the rounds of Blakitny Nilu and Ephesians |
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| Bagatorial series of the most important English displays in central Africa. Kalahari Pestle, upper Zambez, Victoria Falls, Great African Lakes, upper Congo |
Great Britain |
D.Livingston |
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| Liveston's message and the opening of the rounds in Bily Nil. Perche of the Congo and the Great Lakes |
USA, UK |
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| Inspection to water supply Nilu and Congo |
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| Peretin Sahari from Algeria to Lake Chad |
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| III. PIVNICHNA І PIVDENNA AMERICA |
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| peretin by the Normans Atlantic Ocean and the Greenland Islands |
Iceland |
Eirik Raudi |
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| Reaching the hillsides of Sivsha. America; open land "Winland" (also the peninsula of Nova Scotia) |
Greenland |
Leif Eirikson |
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| Official view of America (view of the Bahamas, Cuba and Haiti) |
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| Vidkrittya shores of Guiani and Caribbean Uzbek |
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| Brazilian Beaches and the Amazon Airplane |
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| Visitors to the Middle Coast of Brazil and the Bay of Rio de Janeiro |
Expedition with the participation of A. Vespucci |
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| Opening of the Floridian cob and cob to GolfStrum |
Ponce de Leon |
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| Peretin of the Panama Isthmus and the appearance of the "Holy Sea", like the year that appeared ... the Pacific Ocean - the largest on the planet |
V. Balbon |
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| view of mexico |
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| For a round-the-clock trip. Vidkrittya shores of Patagonia, Vognnoy Zemli, Magellanovy ducts. "Reincarnation" of the Indian Sea into the Pacific Ocean |
F.Magellana |
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| Visit to the St. Lawrence River - official view of Canada |
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| Preceding the Misses and Central regions of the United States |
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| Through Andi to the Amazon jungle. Swimming along the Amazon to the її girl |
F. Orelyana |
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| Peretin Brazilian Nagir'ya. Vidkrittya diva of nature - vodospad Іguasu |
A.Caveza de Vaska |
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| Drake ducts opening |
Great Britain |
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| Opening of the Hudson Channel and the Hudson Channel |
Great Britain |
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| Vіdkrittya Nіagarskogo waterfall |
E.Brule, J.Nikole |
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| Perche floatation by the Bering channel |
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| Opening of the Pivnichno-Western part of Pivnichnaya America |
I. Fedorov, M. Gvozdev |
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| Opening of the Pivnichno-Zakhidnoy sov. "Russian America" |
V. Beringa, A. Chirikov |
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| Go to the river Makenzi |
Great Britain |
A.Makenzi |
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| Go to the Pacific Ocean. In addition to Vancouver Island |
Great Britain |
J. Vancouver |
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| IV. AUSTRALIA TA OCEANIA |
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| Perche round-the-world sailing. Peretin of the Pacific Ocean and the island of Guam |
F.Magellana |
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| View of the Solomon Islands |
A. Mendanya |
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| Opening of the Australian outback |
Holland |
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| Tasmania and New Zealand views |
Holland |
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| Easter Island view |
Holland |
J. Roggeven |
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| English on The Pacific... News of Caledonia, Tongan Islands, Uzbek Australia, Libyan Islands |
Great Britain |
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| Vidkrittya Bassovaya ducts |
Great Britain |
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| Pre-arrival of the western shores of Australia. Vidkrittya outflow of the geographer and naturalist |
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| Russia in the Pacific Ocean. View of Suvorov Island, Rosiyan Island, Marshall Island, Taumotu and Inshikh |
M. Lazarev, O. Kotzebue, F. Bellinshausen |
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| First expedition to Central Australia |
Australia |
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| Perche Peretin Australia |
Australia |
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| Before the last part of the Uzbek New Guinea, I named the Maclay Coast |
M. Miklukho-Maclay |
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| V. ARCTIC |
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| Pidkorennya Pivnichnogo Pole |
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| Vіdkrittya Zemli Mikoli II (nini Pivnichna Land) |
B. Dilkitsky |
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| Approved in absentia on the view of the island of Vise |
O. Shmidt, V. Vise |
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| Record for one sailing sailing by the Great Pivnichny sea route on the krigolam steam ship "Sibiryakov" |
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| Completion of the successful robotics of the first radio drifting station "Pivnichny Pole I" |
I. Papanin, P. Shirshov, N. FEDOROV, E. Krenkel |
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| Doslіdzhennya of the bottom of the icy ocean. The emergence of the Lomonosov ridge |
J. Hackel |
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| 1950 to one hour |
The continuation of the long-lasting days of the bottom of the Ice Ocean at the drifting stations "Pivnichny Pole" |
Sportsmen to the Institute of the Arctic and Antarctic |
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| Forward in history, the development of the Arctic to reach the Pivnichny Pole at the atomic krigolami "Rosiya" |
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| 1982 06.02-04.07 1986 |
From the coast of the Bering Channel to the Murmansk Uzbek - 10000 km in 8 months |
S. Solovyov's group |
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| 1986 29.01-07.03 1988 |
The root of the pole of inaccessibility in the unseen suvorikh minds of the polar night on the licks |
D. Shmaro's group |
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| 1988 15.02- 25.04 |
A record lizhny crossing in 1800 km from the coast of Russia through the Pivnichny Pole to Canada |
D. Shmaro's group |
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| Vi. ANTARCTICA |
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| Great achievement of Russian sailors. Mainland Antarctica |
F. Bellinshausen, M. Lazarev |
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| View of the islands of Peter I, Land of Oleksandr I. View of the Bellinshausen Sea |
F. Bellinshausen, M. Lazarev |
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| Weddell Sea View |
Great Britain |
J. Weddell |
|
| Pole root |
Norway |
R. Amundsen |
|
| Secondary reaching of the new pole and tragic end of the past |
Great Britain |
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| View of the Land of Queen Maud, Shores of Princess Marty, Prince Olof, Princess Ranhildi and others |
Norway |
X-Riser-Larsen |
|
| Bagatorial International Geophysical Rik. An ear of spilny I will step on the "bila plama" of Antarctica by 12 powers |
USA, Great Britain, USSR, Japan, Australia, Chile and ін. |
kerіvniki expeditions |
|
| Ear of radianskie Antarctic expeditions. View of the sea of cosmonauts, Sp_vdruzhnost_, Lazarev and in. Walk into the mainland. Nearly 1000 Russian geographical names on the map of Antarctica. pershoi stem lecture picture |
M. Somov, A. Treshnikov, E. Tolstikov and I. |
Graph of the most important geographic views
6. Visnovok
happy geography development of the country has an important role in the development of the country. The system of geographic sciences will ensure control over the camp of nature, take part in the development of systems of entry to combat negative inheritances in the flow of people into nature, and predict the development and development of territorially viral complexes. It is unwise to make a forecast of the wake of nature without urahuvannya tribute about the state's power of people and in pouring into nature. It is impossible to make a policy for the development of a region without addressing the peculiarities of its nature and population. Virishennya tsikh zavdan vimagak vzaumopov'nogo vivchennya nature, population, government and vzaimozv'yazkiv among them, like and will be protected by the system of geographic sciences
List of literature:
- Great Radianska encyclopedia (6 volume). Chief editor A.M. Prokhorov. Moscow. view " Radianska encyclopedia"1971. Third vision
- Vidannya for children. Geography (volume 3) Chief editor S. Ismailova. Volume editor: I. Kudryavtseva, D. Lyurі. Moscow "Avanta +" 1994r.
- Natural science V.I.Kuznetsov, G.M. Idlis, V.N. Gutina. Moscow 1996r.
- Subject and interconnection of natural sciences. Kedriv B.M .. Moscow. Science 1967r.
- Tsikava geography for children and grown-ups. G. Scarlato. Kiev "Alterpress" 1996r.
- Subject and interconnection of natural sciences. Moscow. Science 1967r.
- Seeing the Earth. History of the Great Highways. Jules Verne. Moscow "Terra" 1993r.
- radyanskiy encyclopedic vocabulary... Moscow 1985r.
Geography teacher Irina Oleksandrivna Mironova
MOU Trusleyskaya ZOSH, Inzensky district
Pidruchnik A. A. Letyagin “Geography. Cob course "
Lesson topic: "Geography - one of the sciences about the planet Earth"
Didactic meta: wash out for the first time learning, learning and comprehension of the new initial information with the help of technology for developing new technologies.
Cycle for zmist:
education: Take a form of knowledge about the science of geography, geography ob'єkti, geographic processes and manifestations, geographic obolonts.
Developing: Create mind for the development of cognitive activity, intellectual and creative health uchniv; accept the development of the mind, describe and explain the basic signs of the main ones to be understood by those; take a rosette navichok independent robots with a handcuff.
vikhovnі: Welcome to the geographic culture, culture initial pratsi, Take the development of communal minds; development of interest to the subject matter.
Planned results:
specialties:assimilation the significance of geographic knowledge for modern people.
know with the butts of the natural decline of UNESCO (in the territory of the world, including Russia). motivation On vivchennya geography.
metasubject: see s Material signs of the understanding,
orієntuvatisya The handler knows and sees on the power supply;
Warehouse mini-ese; analizuvati information (text and illustrative, including video) for preparing meals; vikoristovuvati Move your minds for the rotation of your thoughts, thoughts; fold viznachennya to understand, lay out the uzagalnnya.
Subjects: razr_znyati Geographical ob'ykti and correctly nazivatykh,
to start Significance of UNESCO Objects for People, I will explain
іstotnі signs to understand: "geographic object", "geographic processes and phenomena", aim butt geographic institutions its mice, the results of the prominent geographical indications and high roads
Universalny Navchalny Diy:
specialties: Observe the need for vaccination by those.
regulatory: planuvaty own activity according to the teacher's certificate, building up to the independent discovery of new knowledge; vmіnnya cheruvati your cognitive performance, Organize your activity; visa initiation and development; assess the results.
Piznavalny: the formulation and development of geographic knowledge, intellectual interests, intellectual and creative results; vminnya to conduct an independent joke, analysis, revision of information, revision, safety.
community: Vmіti spіlkuvatisya and vzaєmodіyati one by one.
Lesson type: A water lesson, a lesson in mastering new knowledge.
Forms of organizing the activity of scientists: Frontal, individual.
ustatkuvannya: pidruchnik A. A. Letyagin “Geography. Cob course. 5th class "- M.: Ventana-Graf, 2015, add gerel geographic information, cartoon" Who rosefarbuv in the sea? ", Preparing for the reflection" Islands ".
Go to lesson
1.Organizationally - motivational stage for the lesson
meta: Emotional - a positive attitude to the lesson, the establishment of an atmosphere of success, doviri.
Teacher: Good day. I am glad to have you bachiti at the urotsi. Let's get to know with the handler of geography, who is the author of the subject.
For those lesson: Did you see the sciences in the cob schools? (I call the development of science from the course of the cob school)
What kind of school subject vivchaє nature? (I call it navkolishn_y light)
Do you know what science is like? (I call natural sciences. Children are guilty of making and name science about nature.)
Formula for the lesson: Yak you think, what should we learn from this year at lessons? (I name the main understanding of the lesson in frames on side 5 (geography, geograficheskie ob'єkti, Geographic processes and phenomena, geographic obolonka)
Motivational attitudes: take a peek at the cartoon "Who Rosefarbuv in the Sea" and create a story about those, what is the reason for the wrong behavior of the schoolboy? Yak її can you stick it? (Children know the cartoon about the wicked and call it the main reason - ignorance of geography, as it is necessary to vivchat.)
2.Procedural - step-by-step to the lesson
What is geography science? Visnachiti, scho є the subject of vivchennya geography?
Send the necessary information on the side 5-6 of the handler
Robot with baby # 1 p.6 (Development of geographic institutions)
Guide geographic objects on the territory of the Ulyanovsk region, Russia, svit (save the table on the table).
Geographic objects
Why grab the Earth? To guide the butt, to confirm the significance of geography for singing professions. Yakimy materials (geographic products) stink?
What geographers do you think about being a resident of the planet? (Pererakhovyat name monuments of nature)
Who knows about all the inhabitants of the Earth? (Follow the formula of the understanding cultural decline UNESCO. Necessity of saving natural decline for sites.)
Yak to vivchayut the Earth? Name the types of methods for the production of objects? How can geography be victorious from them? (Names: caution, description, judgment, analysis, vivchennya per hour)
For help, who should I vivchayut the Earth? Guide to prove to tverdzhennya "A grasp of geography for a schoolboy is the main reason for rejection of geographic knowledge." (I will read the introduction to the article "Yak prompting a handler" and suggest arguments: a description of geographic objects and manifestations is given, the reasons for changes in the hour are explained)
Teacher: Let’s be amazed by the wizard of the handler and being cognizable due to the structure and the wickedness of the basic distributions of the handler and the apparatus of arrangement in the new one.
Refer to the power supply of the reader.
For example, in any paragraph and on some sides, we know how to feed:
1. What about the watershed?
2. What are the names?
3. On what little rychki stench є? (Pp. 98-99 §17)
Teacher: Guide the geographic information dzherel that you see. (I call pictures, books, high-price friends, encyclopedias, cosmic signs, films, newspapers, transmissions, etc.)
3.Stage fixing
1. Nutrition for beating:
What does the word geography mean?
What kind of geography?
For whom to vivchayut geography?
Yak vivchayut geography?
For the help of whom to vivchayut geography?
Why do you want to tie geography?
Do you know about geography?
Would you like to learn geography?
What books and magazines have you read?
What TV shows and films of the geographic wizard have you found?
test1) The name "geography" in the translation from the walnut means:
A) earthquake
B) excavation
C) land description
2) Science about the nature of the Earth can be considered for help
A) picks of answers about nature
B) assistant of geography
C) cartoon
3) What object is not geographic?
B) Vesuviy volcano
B) Egyptian piracy
vidpovidi 1-in 2-b і 3-а і explain the reason for the choice. Find out the correct views (self-control)
Pidvdennya pidsumkiv
Teacher: Hero of the comedy D.I. Fonvizina "nedouk" Mitrofanushka seems to be her own reader: "What about geography now? Kudi treba, you will take me away ”. And yak is your dumka? What are the needs of everyday people geographic knowledge and for whom? (Learning to grasp your thought. Enter mini-ese, 5 sentences)
4. Reflexive step to the lesson
Reception of the "Island". On the map from the images of the islands with the offensive names of Fr. Joy, oh. Trouble, oh. Zdivuvannya, about. Troubles, oh. Ochikuvannya, about. Education, about. Satisfied, oh. Nasnagi, about. Nasolodi prikrіpiti abo namalyuvati (on arkushi Whatman abo on doshtsi) your ship at the general distribution of the picture, which depicts your soulful, emotional-chuttєve camp.
Note. you can namalyuvati new island name it, as it is not on the map and draw the image of the Bermuda tricycle.
5. Explanation of homework
obov'yazkove zavdannya Know in the text (paragraph 1 p. 5) and in the vocabulary of the meaning:
1) geographic ob'єkt,
2) geographic processes and events,
3) geographic shell.
Adjustments in the text of the statute (paragraph 1 p. 7) a number of UNESCO objects in 1978 and in 2015. Growth of visnovok: has the growth rate improved?
Dodatkove zavdannya (on vibir)
Department number 6 side 10 (for bazhannyam)
Міні - tvіr. Continue reading the list, describing your position and argumentation. I think it's new geographers on our planet it is necessary, so yak ...
Sociological experience. Understand why the role of geography in the life of the suspension is important. Feed about your family and loved ones. Write down your thought in the table.
yaksho homework on the topic: »Synopsis of the lesson in geography" Geography - one of the sciences about the planet Earth "5th grade We will be clear to you, then we will let you know, if you change your mind to see yourself on the side of your social net.
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